HomeMy WebLinkAboutWPO201900036 Correspondence 2019-06-03 30 Scale, LLC
871 Justin Drive,Palmyra,VA 22963 SC
Ph.434.242.2866 �{
mike@30scale.com
June 3, 2019
Mr. Frank Pohl, PE
County Engineer
County of Albemarle
Department of Community Development
401 McIntire Road
Charlottesville,VA 22902
RE: Sime Pond Maintenance Plan-VESCP—Variation Request to allow the use of a Mud Trap
TMP 69B-46-Albemarle County,Virginia
Dear Frank,
Please find this letter and attachments our request to a variation to the Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control
Handbook(VESCHB)to allow the use of mud traps in lieu of sediment traps to trap sediment-laden runoff at each
side of the downstream toe of dam fill.
The right side of the dam fill drains approximately 0.20 acres of area,while the left side drains approximately 0.10
acres. The space requirement of 67 CY/AC each for wet and dry storage for a sediment trap in these locations
would not be practical as it would require overclearing and do more harm than good to the existing terrain.
The mud traps,which consist of silt fencing with a stone outlet weir at the low point will provide adequate control
of sediment. The contractor will need to monitor and clean the mudtrap of sediment throughout construction. A
detail for the mud trap is provided on sheet 5 of the VESCP Plan,while maintenance guidelines are provided in the
Erosion and Sediment Control Narrative on Sheet 6 of the VESCP Plan.
We have used mud traps in other projects in Albemarle County with success where there was a similar need to
provide non-intrusive sediment controls at both sides of the stream on a downstream fill. The most recent project
was Whittington—Phase B,where mud traps were approved and provided adequate controls.
We thank you for taking the time to review this request. Please feel free to call me at any time if you have any
questions or would like additional information.
Sincerely,
• //
•
Michael,, -rs, P.E.,CFM
Cc:Randy Hamm,Site Tech
attachments
Wage
1
Watershed Model Schematic
Hydraflow Hydrographs Extension for AutoCAD®Civil 3D®2018 by Autodesk, Inc.v2018.3
SIME POND
HYDROLOGY AND HYDRAULIC
CALCULATIONS
MAY 31, 2019
30 SCALE, LLC
Legend
MA: pAgin Description
1 SCS Runoff SIME POND OVERALL
2 Reservoir POND ROUTING
Project: SIME POND HYDROLOGY.gpw Sunday, 06/2/2019
Hydraflow Table of Contents SIME POND HYDROLOGY.gpw
Hydraflow Hydrographs Extension for AutoCAD®Civil 3D®2018 by Autodesk,Inc.v2018.3 Sunday,06/2/2019
Watershed Model Schematic 1
2 - Year
Summary Report 2
Hydrograph Reports 3
Hydrograph No. 1, SCS Runoff, SIME POND OVERALL 3
TR-55 Tc Worksheet 4
Hydrograph No. 2, Reservoir, POND ROUTING 5
Pond Report - SIME POND 6
10 - Year
Summary Report 7
Hydrograph Reports 8
Hydrograph No. 1, SCS Runoff, SIME POND OVERALL 8
Hydrograph No. 2, Reservoir, POND ROUTING 9
100 - Year
Summary Report 10
Hydrograph Reports 11
Hydrograph No. 1, SCS Runoff, SIME POND OVERALL 11
Hydrograph No. 2, Reservoir, POND ROUTING 12
2
Hydrograph Summary Report Hydrographs Extension for AutoCAD®Civil 3D®2018 by Autodesk, Inc.v2018.3
Hyd. Hydrograph Peak Time Time to Hyd. Inflow Maximum Total Hydrograph
No. type flow interval Peak volume hyd(s) elevation strge used Description
(origin) (cfs) (min) (min) (cult) (ft) (cuft)
1 SCS Runoff 95.82 2 742 708,806 SIME POND OVERALL
2 Reservoir 68.76 2 764 702,053 1 497.08 120,976 POND ROUTING
SIME POND HYDROLOGY.gpw Return Period: 2 Year Sunday, 06/2 /2019
3
Hydrograph Report
Hydraflow Hydrographs Extension for AutoCAD®Civil 3D®2018 by Autodesk,Inc.v2018.3 Sunday,06/2/2019
Hyd. No. 1
SIME POND OVERALL
Hydrograph type = SCS Runoff Peak discharge = 95.82 cfs
Storm frequency = 2 yrs Time to peak = 742 min
Time interval = 2 min Hyd. volume = 708,806 cult
Drainage area = 319.000 ac Curve number = 60
Basin Slope = 0.0 % Hydraulic length = 0 ft
Tc method = TR55 Time of conc. (Tc) = 42.73 min
Total precip. = 3.67 in Distribution = Type II
Storm duration = 24 hrs Shape factor = 484
SIME POND OVERALL
Q (cfs) Hyd. No. 1 --2 Year Q (cfs)
100.00 100.00
$
90.00 90.00
80.00 80.00
70.00 70.00
60.00 60.00
50.00 - 50.00
40.00 40.00
30.00 30.00
20.00 20.00
10.00 10.00
0.00 - 1 - 0.00
0 120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560
Time(min)
Hyd No. 1
4
TR55 Tc Worksheet
Hydraflow Hydrographs Extension for AutoCAD®Civil 3D®2018 by Autodesk, Inc.v2018.3
Hyd. No. 1
SIME POND OVERALL
Description A B C Totals
Sheet Flow
Manning's n-value = 0.240 0.011 0.011
Flow length (ft) = 300.0 0.0 0.0
Two-year 24-hr precip. (in) = 3.67 0.00 0.00
Land slope (%) = 3.00 0.00 0.00
Travel Time (min) = 27.29 + 0.00 + 0.00 = 27.29
Shallow Concentrated Flow
Flow length (ft) = 454.00 0.00 0.00
Watercourse slope (%) = 24.00 0.00 0.00
Surface description = Unpaved Paved Paved
Average velocity (Ws) =7.90 0.00 0.00
Travel Time (min) = 0.96 + 0.00 + 0.00 = 0.96
Channel Flow
X sectional flow area (sqft) = 2.00 0.00 0.00
Wetted perimeter(ft) = 4.00 0.00 0.00
Channel slope (%) = 9.00 0.00 0.00
Manning's n-value = 0.050 0.015 0.015
Velocity (ft/s) =5.62
0.00
0.00
Flow length (ft) ({0})4883.0 0.0 0.0
Travel Time (min) = 14.48 + 0.00 + 0.00 = 14.48
Total Travel Time, Tc 42.73 min
5
Hydrograph Report
Hydraflow Hydrographs Extension for AutoCAD®Civil 3D®2018 by Autodesk,Inc.v2018.3 Sunday,06/2/2019
Hyd. No. 2
POND ROUTING
Hydrograph type = Reservoir Peak discharge = 68.76 cfs
Storm frequency = 2 yrs Time to peak = 764 min
Time interval = 2 min Hyd. volume = 702,053 cuft
Inflow hyd. No. = 1 - SIME POND OVERALL Max. Elevation = 497.08 ft
Reservoir name = SIME POND Max. Storage = 120,976 cuft
Storage Indication method used.
POND ROUTING
Q (cfs) Hyd. No. 2--2 Year Q (cfs)
100.00 100.00
90.00 90.00
80.00 80.00
70.00 70.00
60.00 60.00
50.00 50.00
40.00 40.00
30.00 30.00
20.00 20.00
10.00 10.00
0.00 - 0.00
0 120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680
Time(min)
Hyd No. 2 Hyd No. 1 Total storage used = 120,976 cuft
Pond Report 6
Hydraflow Hydrographs Extension for AutoCAD®Civil 3D®2018 by Autodesk, Inc.v2018.3 Sunday,06/2/2019
Pond No. 1 - SIME POND
Pond Data
Contours-User-defined contour areas.Average end area method used for volume calculation. Begining Elevation=496.30 ft
Stage/Storage Table
Stage(ft) Elevation(ft) Contour area(sqft) Incr.Storage(cult) Total storage(cult)
0.00 496.30 152,318 0 0
1.70 498.00 158,990 264,612 264,612
3.70 500.00 166,921 325,911 590,523
5.20 501.50 178,982 259,427 849,950
Culvert/Orifice Structures Weir Structures USE AVERAGE CREST WIDTH
[A] [B] [C] [PrfRsr] [A] [B] [C] [D]
Rise(in) = 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Crest Len(ft) # 30.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Span(in) = 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Crest El.(ft) = 496.30 0.00 0.00 0.00
No.Barrels = 0 0 0 0 Weir Coeff. = 3.33 3.33 3.33 3.33
Invert El.(ft) = 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Weir Type = Rect --- --- ---
Length(ft) = 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Multi-Stage = No No No No
Slope(%) = 0.00 0.00 0.00 n/a
N-Value = .013 .013 .013 n/a
Orifice Coeff. = 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 Exfil.(in/hr) = 0.000(by Contour)
Multi-Stage = n/a No No No TW Elev.(ft) = 0.00
Note:Culvert/Orifice outflows are analyzed under inlet(ic)and outlet(oc)control. Weir risers checked for orifice conditions(ic)and submergence(s).
Stage(ft) Stage/Discharge Elev(ft)
6.00 502.30
5.00 501.30
4.00 500.30
3.00 499.30
2.00 498.30
1.00 497.30
0.00 496.30
0.0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0 600.0 700.0 800.0 900.0 1000.0 1100.0 1200.0
Total Q Discharge(cfs)
7
Hydrograph Summary Report Hydrographs Extension for AutoCAD®Civil 3D®2018 by Autodesk, Inc.v2018.3
Hyd. Hydrograph Peak Time Time to Hyd. Inflow Maximum Total Hydrograph
No. type flow interval Peak volume hyd(s) elevation strge used Description
(origin) (cfs) (min) (min) (cult) (ft) (cuft)
1 SCS Runoff 332.02 2 740 1,902,683 SIME POND OVERALL
2 Reservoir 274.42 2 754 1,884,560 1 498.26 307,034 POND ROUTING
SIME POND HYDROLOGY.gpw Return Period: 10 Year Sunday, 06/2/2019
8
Hydrograph Report
Hydraflow Hydrographs Extension for AutoCAD®Civil 3D®2018 by Autodesk, Inc.v2018.3 Sunday,06/2/2019
Hyd. No. 1
SIME POND OVERALL
Hydrograph type = SCS Runoff Peak discharge = 332.02 cfs
Storm frequency = 10 yrs Time to peak = 740 min
Time interval = 2 min Hyd. volume = 1,902,683 cuft
Drainage area = 319.000 ac Curve number = 60
Basin Slope = 0.0 % Hydraulic length = 0 ft
Tc method = TR55 Time of conc. (Tc) = 42.73 min
Total precip. = 5.54 in Distribution = Type II
Storm duration = 24 hrs Shape factor = 484
SIME POND OVERALL
Q(cfs) Hyd. No. 1 -- 10 Year Q(cfs)
350.00 350.00
300.00 300.00
250.00 250.00
200.00 200.00
150.00 150.00
100.00 100.00
50.00 50.00
0.00 — 0.00
0 120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560
Hyd No. 1 Time(min)
9
Hydrograph Report
Hydraflow Hydrographs Extension for AutoCAD®Civil 3D®2018 by Autodesk,Inc.v2018.3 Sunday,06/2/2019
Hyd. No. 2
POND ROUTING
Hydrograph type = Reservoir Peak discharge = 274.42 cfs
Storm frequency = 10 yrs Time to peak = 754 min
Time interval = 2 min Hyd. volume = 1,884,560 cuft
Inflow hyd. No. = 1 - SIME POND OVERALL Max. Elevation = 498.26 ft
Reservoir name = SIME POND Max. Storage = 307,034 cuft
Storage Indication method used.
POND ROUTING
Q (cfs) Hyd. No. 2 -- 10 Year Q (cfs)
350.00 350.00
300.00 300.00
250.00 250.00
200.00 200.00
150.00 150.00
100.00 100.00
50.00 50.00
0.00 - 0.00
0 120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560
Time(min)
Hyd No. 2 Hyd No. 1 Total storage used = 307,034 cuft
10
Hydrograph Summary Report Hydrographs Extension for AutoCAD®Civil 3D®2018 by Autodesk, Inc.v2018.3
Hyd. Hydrograph Peak Time Time to Hyd. Inflow Maximum Total Hydrograph
No. type flow interval Peak volume hyd(s) elevation strge used Description
(origin) (cfs) (min) (min) (cuft) (ft) (cuft)
1 SCS Runoff 934.83 2 740 4,895,223 SIME POND OVERALL
2 Reservoir 849.51 2 748 4,848,594 1 500.47 671,124 POND ROUTING
SIME POND HYDROLOGY.gpw Return Period: 100 Year Sunday, 06/2/2019
11
Hydrograph Report
Hydraflow Hydrographs Extension for AutoCAD®Civil 3D®2018 by Autodesk,Inc.v2018.3 Sunday,06/2/2019
Hyd. No. 1
SIME POND OVERALL
Hydrograph type = SCS Runoff Peak discharge = 934.83 cfs
Storm frequency = 100 yrs Time to peak = 740 min
Time interval = 2 min Hyd. volume = 4,895,223 cuft
Drainage area = 319.000 ac Curve number = 60
Basin Slope = 0.0 % Hydraulic length = 0 ft
Tc method = TR55 Time of conc. (Tc) = 42.73 min
Total precip. = 9.11 in Distribution = Type II
Storm duration = 24 hrs Shape factor = 484
SIME POND OVERALL
Q (cfs) Hyd. No. 1 -- 100 Year Q (cfs)
938.00 938.00
804.00 804.00
670.00 670.00
536.00 536.00
402.00 402.00
268.00 268.00
134.00 134.00
0.00 - 0.00
0 120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560
Time(min)
Hyd No. 1
12
Hydrograph Report
Hydraflow Hydrographs Extension for AutoCAD®Civil 3D®2018 by Autodesk,Inc.v2018.3 Sunday,06/2/2019
Hyd. No. 2
POND ROUTING
Hydrograph type = Reservoir Peak discharge = 849.51 cfs
Storm frequency = 100 yrs Time to peak = 748 min
Time interval = 2 min Hyd. volume = 4,848,594 cuft
Inflow hyd. No. = 1 - SIME POND OVERALL Max. Elevation = 500.47 ft
Reservoir name = SIME POND Max. Storage = 671,124 cuft
Storage indication method used.
POND ROUTING
Q (cfs) Hyd. No. 2-- 100 Year Q (cfs)
938.00 938.00
804.00 804.00
670.00 670.00
536.00 536.00
402.00 402.00
268.00 268.00
134.00 - 134.00
0.00 - 0.00
0 120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560
Time (min)
Hyd No. 2 Hyd No. 1 Total storage used = 671,124 cuft
_USDA United States A product of the National Custom Soil Resource
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April 28, 2019
Preface
Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas.
They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information
about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for
many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban
planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers.
Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste
disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand,
protect, or enhance the environment.
Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose
special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil
properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions.
The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of
soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for
identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations.
Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area
planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some
cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/
portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/)and certain conservation and engineering
applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center
(https://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nres)or your NRCS State Soil
Scientist(http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/soils/contactus/?
cid=nres142p2_053951).
Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are
seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a
foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as
septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to
basements or underground installations.
The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States
Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the
Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources
Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National
Cooperative Soil Survey.
Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available
through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its
programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability,
and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion,
sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a
part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not
all prohibited bases apply to all programs.)Persons with disabilities who require
2
alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print,
audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice
and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of
Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or
call (800)795-3272 (voice)or(202)720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity
provider and employer.
3
Contents
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Preface 2
How Soil Surveys Are Made 5
Soil Map 9
Soil Map 9
Legend 10
Map Unit Legend 11
Map Unit Descriptions 12
Albemarle County, Virginia 14
4B--Asha loam, 2to7 percent slopes 14
4C--Aahe loam, 7tn15 percent slopes 15
4E--Ashe loam, 25tn45 percent slopes 18
7B--Bnoddook loam, 2tn7 percent slopes 17
7C--Brmddunk loam, 7bn15 percent slopes 18
7O--Broddook loam, 15to25 percent slopes 19
8C3--Bnaddock clay loam, 7iu15 percent slopes, severely eroded 20
14O--Chester loam, 15bo25 percent slopes 21
1G--Chewac|a silt loam 22
25B--Dyke silt loam, 2h»7 percent slopes 23
29C--Fouquier silt loam, 7to15 percent slopes 34
38O--Fauquier silt loam, 15bn25 percent slopes 25
29E--Fmuquier silt loam, 25to45 percent slopes 20
38C--Hnyasvi||e loam, 7tn15 percent slopes 27
3GO--Hoyeovi||e loam, 15to25 percent slopes 28
37D3--Hayemvi||a clay loam, 15tn 25 percent slopes, severely eroded 39
59O--Myerovi||e very stony silt loam, 15to25 percent slopes 30
00E--K4yerovi||e'Catootin very stony silt|oemm. 25tn6O percent a|npen 31
66E--Parker very stony loam, 25hn45 percent slopes 32
81B--Thurmnnt loam, 2to7 percent slopes 33
81C--Thunnont loam, 7to15 percent slopes 34
8SC--Unioon silt loam, 7to15 percent slopes 35
S0B--Uniaon very stony silt loam, 2 to7 percent slopes 36
9OC--Unison very stony silt loam, 7bn15 percent slopes 37
9SB--VVorshom loam, 2tn7 percent slopes 38
VV--VVator 39
Rmfmmenmmw 40
4
How Soil Surveys Are Made
Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous
areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous
areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and
limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length,
and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and
native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil
profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The
profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the
soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is
devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other
biological activity.
Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource
areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that
share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water
resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey
areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA.
The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that
is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the
area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind
of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and
miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific
segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they
were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict
with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a
specific location on the landscape.
Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their
characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil
scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only
a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented
by an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to
verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries.
Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They
noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock
fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them
to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their
properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units).
Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil
characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for
comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic
classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character
of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil
5
Custom Soil Resource Report
scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the
individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that
they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and
research.
The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the
objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that
have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a
unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable
proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components
of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way
diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such
landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the
development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite
investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map.
The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of
mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape,
and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the
soil-landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at
specific locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller
number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded.
These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color,
depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for
content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil
typically vary from one point to another across the landscape.
Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of
characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct
measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit
component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other
properties.
While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally
are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists
interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed
characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the
soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through
observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management.
Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new
interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other
sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of
specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management
are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same
kinds of soil.
Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on
such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over
long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example,
soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will
have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict
that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date.
After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the
survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and
6
Custom Soil Resource Report
identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings,
fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately.
7
Soil Map
The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of
soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols
displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to
produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit.
8
Custom Soil Resource Report
Soil Map
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•- -.
38°1'51"N
691400 691600 691800 692000 692200 692400 692600 693000 693200 693,100 690800 693900
3 3
Map Scale:1:11,300 irprinted on A landscape(11"x 8.5")sheet
14
Meters
ik N 300 600 900
A _i Feet
0 500 1000 2003 9000
Map projection:Web Meitator Corner coordinates:WGS84 Edge tics:UTM Zone 17N WGS84
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Custom Soil Resource Report
MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION
Area of Interest(AOI) gig Spoil Area The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at
Area of Interest(AOI) 1:15,800.
Stony Spot
Soils 03 Very Stony Spot Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map
Soil Map Unit Polygons measurements.
Wet Spot
r - Soil Map Unit Lines
Other Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service
• Soil Map Unit Points Web Soil Survey URL:
Aw Special Line Features Coordinate System: Web Mercator(EPSG:3857)
Point Features Y ( )
w Blowout Water Features
Streams and Canals Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator
la Borrow Pit projection,which preserves direction and shape but distorts
Transportation distance and area.A projection that preserves area,such as the
Clay Spot
Rails Albers equal-area conic projection,should be used if more
0 Closed Depression ram/ Interstate Highways accurate calculations of distance or area are required.
X Gravel Pit US Routes
This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as
Gravelly Spot Major Roads of the version date(s)listed below.
• Landfill Local Roads Soil Survey Area: Albemarle County,Virginia
k Lava Flow Background Survey Area Data: Version 12,Aug 29,2018
Marsh or swamp ® Aerial Photography
Soil map units are labeled(as space allows)for map scales
chi Mine or Quarry 1:50,000 or larger.
O Miscellaneous Water
Date(s)aerial images were photographed: Nov 12,2011—Mar
O Perennial Water 26,2017
tv Rock Outcrop
The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were
+ Saline Spot compiled and digitized probably differs from the background
Sandy Spot imagery displayed on these maps.As a result,some minor
e shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.
Severely Eroded Spot
• Sinkhole
1, Slide or Slip
• Sodic Spot
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Map Unit Legend
Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AO1
4B Ashe loam,2 to 7 percent 1.1 0.3%
slopes
4C Ashe loam,7 to 15 percent 1.8 0.6%
slopes
4E Ashe loam,25 to 45 percent 7.7 2.4%
slopes
7B Braddock loam,2 to 7 percent 28.9 9.1%
slopes
7C Braddock loam,7 to 15 percent 38.6 12.1%
slopes
7D Braddock loam,15 to 25 3.3 1.0%
percent slopes
8C3 Braddock clay loam,7 to 15 2.1 0.6%
percent slopes,severely
eroded
14D Chester loam,15 to 25 percent 1.5 0.5%
slopes
16 Chewacla silt loam 0.1 0.0%
25B Dyke silt loam,2 to 7 percent 12.7 4.0%
slopes
29C Fauquier silt loam,7 to 15 3.9 1.2%
percent slopes
29D Fauquier silt loam,15 to 25 10.3 3.2%
percent slopes
29E Fauquier sift loam,25 to 45 3.7 1.2%
percent slopes
36C Hayesville loam,7 to 15 percent 20.4 6.4%
slopes
36D Hayesville loam, 15 to 25 86.7 27.2%
percent slopes
37D3 Hayesville clay loam, 15 to 25 0.1 0.0%
percent slopes,severely
eroded
59D Myersville very stony silt loam, 0.5 0.1%
15 to 25 percent slopes
60E Myersville-Catoctin very stony 44.2 13.9%
silt foams,25 to 60 percent
slopes
66E Parker very stony loam,25 to 5.6 1.8%
45 percent slopes
81B Thurmont loam,2 to 7 percent 2.9 0.9%
slopes
81C Thurmont loam,7 to 15 percent 6.7 2.1%
slopes
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI
89C Unison silt loam,7 to 15 19.2 6.0%
percent slopes
90B Unison very stony silt loam,2 to 0.4 0.1%
7 percent slopes
90C Unison very stony silt loam,7 to 1.1 0.3%
15 percent slopes
96B Worsham loam,2 to 7 percent 10.6 3.3%
slopes
Water 4.6 1.5%
Totals for Area of Interest 318.6 100.0%
Map Unit Descriptions
The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the
soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along
with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit.
A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more
major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas.A map unit is identified and named
according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic
class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the
landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the
characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some
observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class.
Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without
including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made
up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor
components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils.
Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the
map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called
noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a
particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties
and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different
management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They
generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the
scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas
are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a
given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit
descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor
components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not
mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it
was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and
miscellaneous areas on the landscape.
The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the
usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate
pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or
landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The
delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the
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Custom Soil Resource Report
development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however,
onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous
areas.
An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions.
Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil
properties and qualities.
Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for
differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major
horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.
Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness,
salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the
basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas
shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase
commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha
silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series.
Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas.
These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.
A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate
pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps.
The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar
in all areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example.
An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or
miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present
or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered
practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The
pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat
similar. Alpha-Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas
that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar
interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion
of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can
be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made
up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil
material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.
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Custom Soil Resource Report •
Albemarle County, Virginia
4B—Ashe loam, 2 to 7 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: kbbz
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F
Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Ashe and similar soils: 80 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Ashe
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from granite and gneiss
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 10 inches: loam
H2- 10 to 19 inches: loam
H3- 19 to 24 inches: sandy loam
H4- 24 to 79 inches: bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 7 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to lithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Runoff class: Low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low(about 3.2 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
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Custom Soil Resource Report
4C—Ashe loam, 7 to 15 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: kbc0
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F
Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Ashe and similar soils: 80 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Ashe
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from granite and gneiss
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 10 inches: loam
H2- 10 to 19 inches: loam
H3- 19 to 24 inches: sandy loam
H4- 24 to 79 inches: bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 7 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to lithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Runoff class: Low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low(about 3.2 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
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Custom Soil Resource Report •
4E—Ashe loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: kbc2
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F
Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Ashe and similar soils: 75 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Ashe
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from granite and gneiss
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 10 inches: loam
H2- 10 to 19 inches: loam
H3- 19 to 24 inches: sandy loam
H4-24 to 79 inches: bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 25 to 45 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to lithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low(about 3.2 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
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Custom Soil Resource Report
7B—Braddock loam, 2 to 7 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: kbfb
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F
Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days
Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Braddock and similar soils: 80 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Braddock
Setting
Landform: Fans
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Alluvium and colluvium derived from acid crystalline rocks
Typical profile
H1 -0 to 8 inches: loam
H2- 8 to 79 inches: clay
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 7 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: High (about 9.1 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
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Custom Soil Resource Report
7C—Braddock loam, 7 to 15 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: kbfc
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F
Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Braddock and similar soils: 80 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Braddock
Setting
Landform: Fans
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Alluvium and colluvium derived from acid crystalline rocks
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 8 inches: loam
H2-8 to 79 inches: clay
Properties and qualities
Slope: 7 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: High (about 9.1 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
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Custom Soil Resource Report
7D—Braddock loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: kbfd
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F
Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Braddock and similar soils: 80 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Braddock
Setting
Landform: Fans
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Alluvium and colluvium derived from acid crystalline rocks
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 8 inches: loam
H2- 8 to 79 inches: clay
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 25 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: High
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: High (about 9.1 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
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Custom Soil Resource Report •
8C3—Braddock clay loam, 7 to 15 percent slopes, severely eroded
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: kbg 1
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F
Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Braddock and similar soils: 80 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Braddock
Setting
Landform: Fans
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Alluvium and colluvium derived from acid crystalline rocks
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 4 inches: clay loam
H2-4 to 79 inches: clay
Properties and qualities
Slope: 7 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 inihr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: High (about 9.1 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
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Custom Soil Resource Report
14D—Chester loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: kb82
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F
Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Chester and similar soils: 80 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Chester
Setting
Landform: Hillslopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from granite and gneiss
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 7 inches: loam
H2- 7 to 41 inches: clay loam
H3-41 to 79 inches: loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 25 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: High
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.9 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
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Custom Soil Resource Report •
16—Chewacla silt loam
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: kb87
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F
Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if drained and either protected from flooding
or not frequently flooded during the growing season
Map Unit Composition
Chewacla and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 3 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Chewacla
Setting
Landform: Flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Residuum weathered from granite and gneiss
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 8 inches: silt loam
H2- 8 to 16 inches: silt loam
H3- 16 to 26 inches: silty clay loam
H4- 26 to 40 inches: silty clay loam
H5-40 to 79 inches: silt loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
Runoff class: Very high
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 6 to 18 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: High (about 11.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3w
Hydrologic Soil Group: B/D
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Wehadkee
Percent of map unit: 3 percent
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Landform: Flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: Yes
25B—Dyke silt loam, 2 to 7 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: kb8s
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F
Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days
Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Dyke and similar soils: 85 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Dyke
Setting
Landform: Fans
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from greenstone
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 8 inches: silt loam
H2- 8 to 43 inches: clay
H3-43 to 79 inches: gravelly clay
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 7 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: High (about 9.1 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
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Custom Soil Resource Report •
29C—Fauquier silt loam, 7 to 15 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: kb94
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F
Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Fauquier and similar soils: 85 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Fauquier
Setting
Landform: Hillslopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from greenstone
Typical profile
H1 -0 to 6 inches: silt loam
H2- 6 to 34 inches: clay
H3-34 to 79 inches: bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 7 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low(about 5.3 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group: C
Hydric soil rating: No
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Custom Soil Resource Report
29D—Fauquier silt loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: kb95
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F
Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Fauquier and similar soils: 85 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Fauquier
Setting
Landform: Hillslopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfiuve
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from greenstone
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 6 inches: silt loam
H2- 6 to 34 inches: clay
H3-34 to 79 inches: bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 25 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: High
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low(about 5.3 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification(irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification(nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: C
Hydric soil rating: No
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Custom Soil Resource Report
29E—Fauquier silt loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: kb96
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F
Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Fauquier and similar soils: 85 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Fauquier
Setting
Landform: Hillslopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down-slope shape: Convex
• Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from greenstone
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 6 inches: silt loam
H2- 6 to 34 inches: clay
H3-34 to 79 inches: bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 25 to 45 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: High
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low(about 5.3 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7e
Hydrologic Soil Group: C
Hydric soil rating: No
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Custom Soil Resource Report
36C—Hayesville loam, 7 to 15 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: kb9r
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F
Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Hayesville and similar soils: 80 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Hayesville
Setting
Landform: Hillslopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Intertuve
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from granite and gneiss
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 7 inches: loam
H2- 7 to 58 inches: clay
H3-58 to 67 inches: sandy clay loam
H4- 67 to 83 inches: fine sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 7 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: High (about 10.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
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Custom Soil Resource Report
36D—Hayesville loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: kb9s
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F
Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Hayesville and similar soils: 80 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Hayesville
Setting
Landform: Hillslopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from granite and gneiss
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 7 inches: loam
H2- 7 to 58 inches: clay
H3-58 to 67 inches: sandy clay loam
H4-67 to 83 inches: fine sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 25 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: High
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: High (about 10.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification(irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification(nonirrigated): 6e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
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Custom Soil Resource Report
37D3—Hayesville clay loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, severely eroded
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: kb9x
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F
Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Hayesville and similar soils: 80 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Hayesville
Setting
Landform: Hillslopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from granite and gneiss
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 7 inches: clay loam
H2- 7 to 58 inches: clay
H3- 58 to 67 inches: sandy clay loam
H4- 67 to 83 inches: fine sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 25 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: High
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: High (about 10.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
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Custom Soil Resource Report
59D—Myersville very stony silt loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: kbcs
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F
Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Myersville and similar soils: 80 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Myersville
Setting
Landform: Interfluves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from greenstone
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 7 inches: silt loam
H2- 7 to 28 inches: silty clay loam
H3- 28 to 44 inches: silt loam
H4- 44 to 79 inches: bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 25 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 7.0 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: High
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.3 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
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Custom Soil Resource Report
60E—Myersville-Catoctin very stony silt loarns, 25 to 60 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: kbcz
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F
Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Myersville and similar soils: 60 percent
Catoctin and similar soils: 30 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Myersville
Setting
Landform: Interfluves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from greenstone
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 7 inches: silt loam
H2- 7 to 28 inches: silty clay loam
H3- 28 to 44 inches: silt loam
H4-44 to 79 inches: bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 25 to 60 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 7.0 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: High
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.3 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Description of Catoctin
Setting
Landform: I nterfl uves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from greenstone
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 5 inches: silt loam
H2- 5 to 18 inches: very channery silt loam
H3- 18 to 28 inches: extremely channery silt loam
H4 - 28 to 79 inches: bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 25 to 60 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 7.0 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to lithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low(about 3.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
66E—Parker very stony loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: kbdc
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F
Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Parker and similar soils: 75 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Description of Parker
Setting
Landform: Interfluves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from granite and gneiss
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 14 inches: extremely stony loam
H2- 14 to 38 inches: extremely cobbly loam
H3-38 to 67 inches: very stony sandy loam
H4- 67 to 79 inches: bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 25 to 45 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 7.0 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 48 to 80 inches to lithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Very low (0.00 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low(about 5.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Hydric soil rating: No
81 B—Thurmont loam, 2 to 7 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: kbfh
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F
Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days
Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Thurmont and similar soils: 80 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Thurmont
Setting
Landform: Interfluves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfiuve
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Colluvium derived from granite, granodiorite, and granite gneiss
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 10 inches: loam
H2- 10 to 46 inches: clay loam
H3-46 to 56 inches: loam
H4- 56 to 79 inches: cobbly sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 7 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 48 to 79 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.3 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
81C—Thurmont loam, 7 to 15 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: kbfj
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F
Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition.
Thurmont and similar soils: 80 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Thurmont
Setting
Landform: Interfiuves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Colluvium derived from granite, granodiorite, and granite gneiss
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 10 inches: loam
H2- 10 to 46 inches: clay loam
H3-46 to 56 inches: loam
H4 - 56 to 79 inches: cobbly sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 7 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 48 to 79 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.3 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
89C—Unison silt loam, 7 to 15 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: kbg0
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F
Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Unison and similar soils: 80 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Unison
Setting
Landform: Fans
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Colluvium derived from greenstone
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 6 inches: silt loam
H2- 6 to 58 inches: silty clay loam
H3- 58 to 79 inches: cobbly clay loam
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Properties and qualities
Slope: 7 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: High (about 9.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
90B—Unison very stony silt loam, 2 to 7 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: kbg2
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F
Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Unison and similar soils: 80 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Unison
Setting
Landform: Fans
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Colluvium derived from greenstone
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 6 inches: silt loam
H2- 6 to 58 inches: silty clay loam
H3- 58 to 79 inches: cobbly clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 7 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 7.0 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: High (about 9.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
90C—Unison very stony silt loam, 7 to 15 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: kbg3
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F
Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Unison and similar soils: 75 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Unison
Setting
Landform: Fans
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Colluvium derived from greenstone
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 6 inches: silt loam
H2- 6 to 58 inches: silty clay loam
H3- 58 to 79 inches: cobbly clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 7 to 15 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 7.0 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Available water storage in profile: High (about 9.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification(nonirrigated): 6s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
96B—Worsham loam, 2 to 7 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: kbgf
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F
Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Worsham and similar soils: 75 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Worsham
Setting
Landform: Drainageways
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Head slope, tread
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Colluvium derived from igneous rock
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 9 inches: loam
H2- 9 to 54 inches: clay
H3- 54 to 79 inches: sandy clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 7 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Poorly drained
Runoff class: Very high
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Very low to moderately
low(0.00 to 0.06 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 0 to 12 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.2 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4w
Hydrologic Soil Group: D
Hydric soil rating: Yes
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Custom Soil Resource Report
W—Water
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: kbgk
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F
Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Water: 100 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
39
References
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials(AASHTO).
2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling
and testing. 24th edition.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of
soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00.
Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of
wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service FWS/OBS-79/31.
Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States.
Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States.
Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric
soils in the United States.
National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries.
Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service.
U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/
nres/detail/national/soils/?cid=nres142p2_054262
Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for
making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http://
www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/national/soils/?cid=nres142p2_053577
Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition. U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://
www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/national/soils/?cid=nres142p2_053580
Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and
Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands
Section.
United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of
Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical
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United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National forestry manual. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/soils/
home/?cid=nres142p2_053374
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National range and pasture handbook. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/
detail/national/landuse/rangepasture/?cid=stelprdb1043084
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Custom Soil Resource Report
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/
nres/detail/soils/scientists/?cid=nres142p2_054242
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States,
the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook
296. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/national/soils/?
cid=nres142p2_053624
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land
capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. http://
www.nres.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nres142p2_052290.pdf
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