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National Park Service Al i", �i V 7 N`j
National Register of Historic Places
Registration Form
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This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinationa of eligibility for Individual properties or districts, See Instructions In Ouildwies
for Compferfng Nadonef Regfater Forms (National Register Bulletin 18). Complete seen Item by marking "x" In the appropriate box or by entering
the requested information. If an Item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "NU" for "not applicable." For functions, styles, f istanals,
and areas of significance, enter only the oategoriea and subcategories listed In the Instructions. For additional space use continuation shaete
(Form 10-900a). Type all entries.
state Virginia coda VA county Albemarle code UO3 Zi0 coda 22924
Ownership of Property
Category of P
El private
® building(s)
❑ public -local
❑ district
❑ public -State
❑ site
❑ public -Federal
❑ structure
❑ object
Name of related multiple property listing:
N/A
4. State/Federal Agency Certification
Contributing Noncontributing
20 3_ buildings
1 _0 sites
0 0 structures
0 0 objects
21 3 Total
Number of contributing resources previously
listed In the National Register 0
As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1960, as amended, I hereby certify that this
® nomination ❑ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the
National Regi trot HI torI Pieces and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth In 30 CFR Part 00.
An my opinion he aYcperty L- 'real does not meet the National Register criteria. ❑So@ continuation sheet.
FYI, 9h�< za
Signature of cert(tyi g official bile
State or Federal agency and bureau
In my opinion, the property U meets ❑ does not most the National Register criteria. ❑ Sea continuation sheet.
Signature of commenting or other official - Date
State or Federal agency and bureau
S. National Park Service Certification
I, hereby, certify that this property is:
❑entered in the National Register.
17 See continuation sheet.
❑determined eligible for the National
Register. ❑ See continuation sheet.
❑ determined not eligible for the
National Register.
❑ removed from the National Register.
❑other, (explain:)
Signature of the Keeper Data of Action
Historic Functions (enter categories from instructions)
TIC: SinEle dwelling
Architectural Classification
(enter categories from instructions)
MID-19TH CENTURY: Greek Revival
LATE VICTORIAN: Italianate
IAM 191H AND 29M (MW REVIVALS: Cnlrrrial Revitral
Describe present and historic physical appearance.
SUMMARY ARCHITECTURAL DESCRIPTION;
Current Functions (enter categories from instructions)
DOME SjTT .: Single dwelling
DQMF.STTC, SernndaKy structures
ACRT , 11.T11RF./S1JBSTSTENCF.: Animal fnri7ity
OTHER: Equestrian facility
(enter categories from instructions)
foundation BRICK. STONE
walls BRICK
root ASPHALT, STONE: Slate
other
Wavertree Hall Farm is a 145-acre farm located on the south side
Of Route 692 in the Greenwood -Batesville estate area of western
.Albemarle County. The main house, with its central core dating
from 1859, is a twc-story, hip -roofed brick building with a
two-story pedimented portico, wide bracketed eaves in the
Italianate style, and two chimneys at each gable end. There is a
center door on the north facade with transom and sidelights and
the windows have Greek Revival trim with plain corner blocks. The
Interior of this portion features a center stair hall with two
rooms on either side. The woodwork, featuring Greek Revival
moldings around doors and windows with bulls -eye corner blocks,
and Greek mantels, is largely original. The two 1 1/2 story brick
wings on either side of the main block, as well as the dining room
wing to the south, were added after 1913. Brickwork and window and
door detailing are similar to the older section of the house.
Interior woodwork is notable for the Adam -style mantels in the
bedrooms and the dining room. The kitchen/pantry and servants
wings, which consist of a T-plan, two-story brick wing to the
south, were built after 1921. The property also contains a number
of outbuildings, including an antebellum log slave house, several
tenant houses, a pump house, chicken house, stable and barns, as
well as an unusual underground room built into the north side of
one of the garden terraces.
ARCHITECTURAL DESCRIPTION;
Wavertree Hall Farm is a 145-acre farm located on the south side
of Route 692 between Batesville and Greenwood in western Albemarle
County. The surrounding area is characterized by several large
horse and cattle farms. The landscape is gently rolling and is
rural in character. The main house is reached by a long circular
drive from Route 692 while the rest of the property is accessed by
Kingsmill Road which_ bisects the farm ant, leads to a small
subdivision (not part of the nominated property _9ft coPfirpl�pBty�jre9t.
has considered the significance of this property in relation to other properties:
❑ nationally ❑ statewide 7 locally
Applicable National Register Criteria QA ❑B F�C ❑D
Criteria Considerations (Exceptions) ❑ A ❑ B ❑ C ❑ D ❑ E ❑ F ❑ G
Areas of Significance (enter categories from instructions) Period of Significance
ARCHITECTURE 1859-192,
Cultural Affiliation
NA
Significant Dates
1859; 1913;
1921
Significant Person ArchitecVBullder
NA
Unknown
State significance of property, and justify criteria, criteria considerations, and areas and periods of significance noted above.
STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE;
The architecture of Wavertree Hall Farm spans nearly one hundred
and fifty years and reflects several different periods of
ownership. The central core of the main house dates from around
1859 and is a well-preserved example of Greek Revival and early
Italianate architecture. It features a handsome pedimented
portico, brickwork with penciled mortar joints, and much original
Greek Revival woodwork in the interior. Two brick side wings with
finely detailed masonry and elaborate Adam -style mantels were
added around 1913 by Quincy Adams Shaw, the brother-in-law of Lady
Astor. The rear wing, gardens and most of the agricultural and
service outbuildings date from the ownership of Colonel Herman
Danforth Newcomb, a native of Kentucky, who transformed Wavertree
Hall Farm into one of the most important horse and cattle estates
in western Albemarle County.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND;
The earliest mention of the Wavertree Hall Farm tract is contained
in the patent for several hundred acres issued to Charles Lambert
in 1769. Some of this tract was sold off and combined with 340
acres bought by James Durette from the Wood and Woods families in
April and July 1813. The price for both tracts, £2 per acre,
indicates that these were unimproved tracts. 1 Durette, a native
of Caroline County, grew tobacco and corn on his plantation and
owned thirty-six slaves, five of whom were willed to his son James
Durette, Jr., in 1B22, along with the farm. 2 Property tax
records indicate there were small-scale improvements on the
property, probably including a log cabin, that were never valued
at more than $600 during the 1820-1850 period ® . s
in continuation sheet
9. Major Blbllogrephical References
Albemarle County Land Records, Charlottesville.
Albemarle County Property Tax Records.
Albemarle County Will Records.
Grayson Family Papers, Manuscript #12567, University of Virginia
Alderman Library, Charlottesville.
Woods, Edgar. Albemarle Countv in Virginia. (Charlottesville: The
Michie CompanyT—,-f761.
Stevens, William T. Virginia House Tour.(Charlottesville: Stevenspost
Publications), 1962.
O'Dell, Jeff. "Wavertree Hall Farm". (Virginia Historic Landmarks
Commission), 1983.
Previous documentation on flit (NPS):
❑ preliminary determination of Individual listing (30 CFR 67)
has been requested
previously listed in the National Register
previously determined eligible by the National Register
designated a National Historic Landmark
recorded by Historic American Buildings
Survey N
❑recorded by Historic American Engineering
Record M
❑ See continuation sheet
AlImsry locstlon of additional data:
State historic preservation office
Other State agency
Federal agency
Local government
University
Other
Specify repository:
Va. Dept_ of Historic Resources
221 Governor St. Richmond 23219
10. Geographical Data
Acreage of property acres
UTM References
A 1 ] 71 1 69, 81 a $01 1 421 0 9 34,0 B 17 161 M 11, 00 11 420 8 19 , 2, a
Zone Easting Northing Zone Easting Northing
c 1 li7l 1 61 971 7, 40t 1 420 8 18� 20 I D 1. 77 '61 9 77, 601 1 4210, 90,10 I
:!See continuation sheet
Verbal Boundary Description The nominated area comprises Parcels 39 and 39D of Albemarle County Tax Map 70,
available in the Albemarle County Land Records, Deed Book 950, pages 185-186, and dated
June 5, 1987.
See continuation sheet
Boundary Justification
The boundaries of the nominated property encompass the main house, agricultural and service
buildings, and surrounding grounds and pastures that have historically been a part of
Wavertree Hall Farm and that maintain historic integrity.
11. Form Prepared By
nameAltle Geeffrey Henry
organization date
street a number 1515 Rutled e Avenue telephone R04- 91-A006
city or town ar ottes7! e, state Va• zip code 22903
♦U. SAM 198".223-91
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 7 Page
The main house at Wavertree Hall Farm stands on a prominent rise
and faces north. The outbuildings, consisting of tenant houses and
agricultural service buildings, are arrayed to the south and west
of the main house. The house is in good condition. The condition
of the outbuildings, which number more than a dozen, range from
good to deteriorated. The house is also surrounded by extensive
and elaborate gardens and is almost obscured from the north by
towering boxwoods.
The main house was built in three stages: the center portion dates
from 1859, while several wings were added in the 1910s and 1920s.
The original 1859 part of the house is a two-story, three -bay,
hipped -roof brick building with four chimneys, a wooden parapet on
the roof, and wide eaves with regularly spaced brackets in the
Italianate manner. Above the front entrance is a two-story
pedimented portico with paired Doric columns and pilasters, an
oval window in the pediment with Gibbs -style surround, and brick
steps leading to the front boxwood hedges and brick walks. The
portico is probably original although it may have been enlarged or
repaired in the 1910s or 1920s. Mixed garden wall bond is used
throughout except for the principal facade which is stretcher
bond. The brick is pencilled along the mortar joints and the house
has either a stepped or molded water table on all four facades.
Windows are generally paired and have four -over -four sash, with
paneled woodwork below them on the first story and a small ledge
on the second story. All have simple Greek Revival surrounds with
plain corner blocks. Above the entrance on the second story is a
tri-partite, round -headed window with triple -hung sash, the middle
window slightly taller in a modified Palladian window arrangement.
The front door has a three -light transom and is flanked by tall
sidelights.
The interior features a wide center hall with two rooms on either
side. The stair rises in two stages from the left-hand corner and
features turned balusters and newel and a molded handrail. Floors,
baseboards, woodwork, and doors are largely original, although the
chair rail and crown molding are not. The mantels, executed in the
Greek Revival style, are found in each of the eight rooms in the
original part of the house. The front, left room on the first
floor (now a library) features a mantel with bevelled edge shelf
and three -sided pilasters with caps and bases. The paneled
wainscote below the window ledge is not original.
mh r" ,wro. nw Bowe,. 109 mM&
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 7 Page 2
Across the hall, the sitting room features a mantel with
bevelled -edge shelf, and panelled frieze and pilasters. The brick
hearth is also original, as are the floors and hardware. The left
rear room, now an office, features woodwork and mantels similar to
the library, while the right rear room has been partitioned into a
butler's pantry and bathroom with early -twentieth century woodwork
and moldings. Bedrooms on the second floor all have identical
woodwork and mantelpieces. In addition, the door and window
surrounds with their bulls -eye corner blocks, the molded
baseboard, and floors are original.
The next building phase occurred after the farm was sold to the
Shaw family in 1913. The 1 1/2 story, gable -roofed brick wings
with cornice returns, dormer windows, and gable -end chimneys were
added on the east and west sides of the original house. Great care
and expertise were expended to match both the brickwork and wood
moldings of the two separate building periods. An unusual feature
is the recessed brick rectangle above each window on the north
facade. A two-story, five -bay wing, built to house the dining room
and kitchen, was also added to the rear of the house. There are
French doors leading to a patio to the east and a porch (probably
once open but now enclosed) on the second story of the west
facade. The dining room features floor -to -ceiling, built-in
- shelves on the west wall and there is -a large Adam -style mantel at
the north end. The two rooms in the west and east wings are also
notable for the mantels decorated in the Adam style with
characteristic swags, garlands and flowers.
The 1920s additions nearly doubled the size of the house. It
consists of a three -bay extension to the south with a
perpendicular two-story, four -bay, gable -roofed wing with a south
entrance. This was built to house servants, and still serves this
function today. The rooms are considerably plainer and smaller
than in the main living quarters. Brickwork and window moldings on
the exterior are generally similar to that found in the two
earlier building periods, but not as carefully matched.
Beneath the house, according to former residents, is a tunnel
which begins under the east wing and extends several hundred feet
to the rear of the house, under the box gardens to emerge in the
woods near a chicken coop. Part of this tunnel may have collapsed
and is no longer accessible.
my Fa," lwow
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 7 Page 3
Also of interest is the underground stone room, constructed
shortly after 1913, at the northeast corner of the front yard.
Defined by the stone wall which runs from the front -yard terrace,
it contains a large fireplace and is lighted by two windows on the
north. The wide doorway, also on the north contains two -leaf,
vertical -board doors with large strap hinges; all openings have
segmental -arched heads. The original function of this room is not
known; it may have been used for parties or as a retreat.
Wavertree Hall Farm contains a large collection of service and
agricultural outbuildings. The oldest outbuilding is the
one-story, two -room, log slave house with V-notched corners, brick
and slate chinking, some original sash, and a massive stone center
chimney and hearth. It is deteriorated condition. Next to that is
a twentieth-century cinderblock garage. Further south is a large
two-story, three -bay frame tenant house known as "the Hedges"
which features a hipped roof, gable -end chimneys, and a one-story
front porch. It appears to date from the turn of the century.
There are also two smaller, gable -roofed, frame tenant houses on
the west side of the road near the barns. The smaller and older of
the two, perhaps mid -nineteenth century in date, stands closest to
the road, and also may have served as a dairy. Other agricultural
buildings include two one-story, multi -bay frame chicken houses ,
a small frame office with panelled doors, a corn crib, a frame
pump house, two large frame barns and a smaler mule barn, a dairy,
and three large horse stables with both brick and stone floors.
The majority of these buildings date from the 1920s when Wavertree
Hall Farm was greatly enlarged by the Newcomb family and became a
well-known horse and cattle complex. Modern buildings, added by
the present owner, include a horse barn with riding ring, a hay
barn, and cow barn.
The landscaping at Wavertree Hall Farm is quite extensive and was
largely executed during the Newcomb ownership after 1921, although
the deisgner is unfortunately not known. Several specimen and
non-native trees are planted around the grounds and there are
formal box parterres and terraces to the east and south of the
house. The box walks and hedges may be older and are more than ten
feet high in places. A vegetable and cutting garden are located
southwest of the house. It is surrounded by a picket fence with
posts topped by small stone acorns. The gardens are currently
undergoing extensive restoration by the owner.
NM A.. 1� OW AN pal ft 1�18
M44
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 7 Page
INVENTORY OF RESOURCES, WAVERTREE HALL FARM
1-Mansion
2-Underground stone room
3-Garage
4-Log building
5-The Hedges -
6-Office
7 and 8-Hen houses
9-Tenant house
10-Tenant house
11. 12 and 13- Horse stalls
14-Horse Barn
15-Pump house
16-Corn Crib
17-Horse Barn
18 and 19-Mule barns
20-Barn
21-Garden
INVENTORY OF NON-CONTRIBUTING RESOURCES:
1-Riding Ring
2-Hay barn
3-Cow Barn
o Aepewi Ate ION4010
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 7 Page 5
Wavertree Hall Farm
145.3 acres
KEY:
A:
Mansion and stone room
B:
Gange
C:
Log house
D:
The Hodges
E:
Office
F:
Henhouses
. G:
Tenant House
H:
Tenant House
1:
Stable
J:
Stable
K:
Stable
L:
Hone bent
M:
Pump house
N:
Corncrib
O:
Cow ban (noncontnbuting)
P:
Mule bants
Q:
Ban
R:
Hay ban
S:
Riding ring (noncontributing)
T:
Bonn
U:
Gardens
(Buildings not to scale)
v
L I
T,
M
•
Q Kr R N g
NO-
P.mS H 1
M,
a
NOT TO SCALE
rv! senn ioaooa ON AANs. YVS a=S
P"
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 8 Page 1
In 1852 James Durette sold the farm to William T. Grayson for
$5,100. 4 Grayson (1830-1902) was a prominent tobacco farmer who
married into the local Woods family. The Albemarle county land tax
records for 1859 note $3,000 for "improvements, a brick house."
The "mansion house" is shown in a plat for a neighboring tract in
1860, indicating that the present core of Wavertree Hall was
completed around 1859-1860. 5
The original portion of Wavertree Hall is a well-preserved example
of mid -nineteenth century Greek Revival architecture with several
Italianate features and bears comparison with other houses from
this period near Greenwood. One of -the most closely related is The
Cedars on US Route 250, which was built in the 1850-1860 period.
Like Wavertree Hall, The Cedars has penciled mortar joints, Greek
architrave trim, somewhat exaggerated eaves, and a front portico.
The floor plan and the design of the fireplace mantels and stair
are also quite similar. The core of Alton Park (now known as Blue
Ridge Farm), located directly west of Wavertree Hall Farm, also
showed many similarities with wavertree Hall before it was nearly
obliterated during a remodeling in the 1920s.
Italianate features are confined mostly to exterior details, as
the massing and interior woodwork are entirely Greek Revival. The
heavy bracketed cornice, paired four -over -four windows and
round -arched central tri-partite window are hallmarks of this
style. Examples of true Italianate architecture are rare in
Albemarle County and are largely confined to Charlottesville,
although Ridgeway (built in 1809 but remodelled in the 1850s in a
variant of this style) and Key West are notable exceptions.
In 1913 the farm passed from the Grayson family to Quincy Adams
Shaw, brother-in-law of the future Lady Astor, Nancy Langhorne. It
was Shaw who added the two side wings and the dining room wing
with the Adam -style mantels and delicate woodwork, as well as the
underground garden room and tunnel. 6 During Shaw's tenure the
farm became a popular sports and social center with polo grounds
and steeplechase events; Shaw's son Churchill was Master of the
Greenwood Hunt.
The transformation of Wavertree Hall Farm after 1913 mirrored the
change in the economic and social makeup of the Greenwood area
after the turn of the century. Beginning in the 1890s many farms
still owned by the descendants of the original families were
w. F" 10 w or. mow aw ro:smm
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 8 Page 2
bought and upgraded by wealthy owners from outside of Virginia.
Nancy Langhorne's father, Chiswell Dabney Langhorne, was one of
the first to popularize the area when he moved there in the 1890s
and greatly enlarged Mirador. Other socially prominent families
soon followed, drawn to Greenwood by the cool summer climate and
good train connections to Richmond, New York, and Chicago.
The architectural legacy of these new owners was considerable.
Several older houses were expanded considerably; Seven Oaks
received a new portico, Blue Ridge Farm was greatly altered by the
architect William Lawrence Bottomley in the 1920s and the frame
Whilton was completely recovered in brick and transformed into a
Georgian Revival house in the 1930s. Other owners chose to build
new houses, sometimes by well-known architects, such as Rose Hill,
again by Bottomley; Casa Maria, attributed to the landscape
architect Charles Gillette, and Tiverton. Wavertree Hall Farm
falls within the first category; the additions carried out during
the twentieth century nearly doubled its size, while adding a
certain grandeur lacking in the original structure.
Wavertree Hall was further expanded after the property was sold in
1921 to Colonel Herman Danforth Newcomb. It was at this time that
the farm was first known as Wavertree Hall. Newcomb, who died in
1962, was an alumnus of the University of Virginia Law School and
was a native of Kentucky, where he returned to serve several terms
as state senator. Newcomb was responsible for the addition of the
rear wing at Wavertree hall, as well as nearly all the present
farm buildings. This period in the farm's history was its most
prosperous, and Wavertree was well-known throughout the state for
its horse and cattle operations. Newcomb also transplanted
numerous varieties of deciduous and evergreen trees, including
many rare cedars that are native to Kentucky but not to this
section of Virginia. The elaborate boxwood gardens and formal
terraces have been likened to the gardens of landscape architect
Charles Gillette, examples of which can be seen at nearby Rose
Hill and Casa Maria.
The heirs of Colonel Newcomb sold the estate to Christian
Retreats, Inc. who operated it as a conference center and
residence. The present owner has reestablished Wavertree Hall Farm
as an important equestrian center, and is currently restoring the
house and its gardens.
NP0 F" 10404 aWN AA u M> 1O0*0018
lµl
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 8 Page 3
The terminal date of the period of significance, 1926, is taken from the date of a
brochure announcing a horse auction at Wavertree. This suggests that Newcomb had
completed his building program and had his equestrian enterprises in place.
REFERENCES;
1-Deed Book 18, page 497.
2-Will Book 7, page 170.
3-Albemarle County Tax Records, 1820-1850.
4-Deed Book 51, page 76.
5-Albemarle County Tax Records, 1859.
NM F m 1O00O1 OW Maw ea ION-W11
lM
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 10 Page 1
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R/ 17 696 810 4209460
S/ 17 696 800 4209550
T/ 17 697 100 4209580
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NM ftfln 10410" cum Aw" ft 101*018
United States Department of the Interior
Natlonal Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 10 Page 2
Hai 9 a u r"u I tio
PHYSICAL SURVEY SH 0 w I N G
145.33 ACRES OF LAND - A PORTIONOF
WAVERTREE HALL FARM
SAMUEL MILLER MAGISTERIAL DISTRICT
ALBEMARLE COUNTY, VIRGINIA•,
Scale: 1'•3001 Jun• 5.1987
Additionit 7.0. 67
WM. M O R R I S FOSTER
LAND SURVEYOR
CHAR LOTTESVILLE• VA.
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United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number 0 Page 3
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ROAD CLASSIFICATION
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IODO-meter Universal Transverse Mercator grid ticks, zone 17,
-
shown in blue
To place on the predicted North American Datum 1983
aTM GRID AM 1987 M ETK NORTH
nwxe the projection lines 9 meters south and
DECLINATION AT CENTER GE SHEET
WAYNESBORO EAST, VA.
23 meters west as shown by dashed caner ticks
39078-A7-TF-024
Fine red dashed lines indisate selected fence and field lines where
generally visible on aerial bholographs. This information is unchecked
in rnnlwl,Ibnn
1973
FOR '