HomeMy WebLinkAboutZMA200500018 Code of Development
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Wickham Pond
Phase II
Neighborhood Model District
ZMA-05-018
ZONING MAP AMENDMENT
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CODE OF DEVELOPMENT
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Applicant"
WEATHER HILL~
DEVELOPMENT,
Weather Hill Development, LLC
703 East Jefferson Street
Charlottesville, Virginia 22902
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August 25, 2006
Prepared by:
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. I NTR 00 U CTIO N ..................... ...... ....... ................. ...... ........................................................... ................. ......... 3
Exhibit 1: Regional Context Map.. ............. ................. ............. .......................... ............... ........... ...... ............ 4
II. SUM MARY OF LAN 0 U SE ............................................................................................................................. 5
EXiSTING................................................................................................................................. .......... 5
PROPOSED.................. ..................................................................................................................... 6
Exhibit 2' Zoning Parcel Map......... ................ .... .................................... ........ ...... ............ ................ .... .......... 8
III. CO 0 E OF 0 EVEL 0 P ME NT ....................... ....................................... ........ ..... ......... .................................. ........ 9
STREETS................................................................................................................. ............................ 9
PARKING.............................................................................................................................. ...............10
Exhibit 3: General Block Plan...................................................................................................................... 11
GREENSPACE AND AMENITIES.............................................................................................................. .12
PEDESTRIAN ACCESS......... ................................................................................................................. .12
SPECIFIC DEVELOPMENT GUiDELINES.................................................................................................. ..12
GRADING...................................................................................................... ...................................... 13
STORMWA TER MANAGEMENT............................................................................................................... .13
ENTRANCE CORRIDOR PROTECTION ................ ........................................ ...... ........... ........ ... ..................13
TABLES....................................................................................... ........... ......................................... .14
Table 1: Land Use and Green Space......................................................................................................... 15
Table 2: Density........................................................................................................................ ..................... 16
Table 3: Lot and Height Regulations..........................................................................................................17
Table 4: Setbacks...................................................................................................................... .................... 18
Table 5: Allowable Uses............................................................................................................................... 19
Table 6: Street Specifications...................................................................................................................... 20
FORM, MASSING AND PROPORTION OF STRUCTURE....................... ................................ .......... ................21
MATERIALS AND COLOR....................... ................................................................................................ .21
ROOF PITCH AND FORM....................................................................... ... ............. ............................. ....22
ARCHITECTURAL ORNAMENTATION & STYLES ........................ .................................................... .............22
F A<;ADE TREATMENTS (INCLUDING WINDOW AND DOOR OPENINGS)........................................................... .22
STREETSCAPE TREATMENTS................................................................................................................ .22
LIGHTING TREATMENTS....................................................................................................................... .23
LANDSCAPE TREATMENTS.................................................................................................................... .23
GUIDELINES FOR TREE PRESERVATION ................ ........... ............................. ...... .............. .............. ........24
VI. COMPLIANCE WITH THE NEIGHBORHOOD MODEL DISTRICT PRINCIPLES ................................. 25
AP PEN 0 IC E S............... ............... .................................... ............................ ......... ............ ........ ................ ................ 28
~ Wickham Pond Phase II
, WEATHER HILL DEVELOPMENT, LLC
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I.
INTRODUCTION
Located in western Albemarle County, Wickham Pond Phase" comprises
approximately 19.69 acres in eastern Crozet, as shown on Exhibit 1: Regional Context
Map. The project involves rezoning TMP Number 05600-00-00-09100 from its existing
zoning as rural area (RA) to a Neighborhood Model District (NMD), consistent with the
uses recommended by the Crozet Master Plan. Wickham Pond Phase" will provide a
mixture of residential and commercial uses interspersed with open spaces and
recreational opportunities. This project will be an extension of Wickham Pond Phase I,
a Neighborhood Model District located to the east of the subject site. Wickham Pond
Phase" will be developed in two phases. The first phase will involve the construction of
the entrance road and Sunset Village, as labeled on the General Development Plan.
The second phase will consist of the development of four residential and mixed use
buildings and a neighborhood park area, adjacent to Route 240.
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II. SUMMARY OF LAND USE
EXISTING
The land involved in this application is made up of the following parcel:
Tax Parcell.D.
Number
Owner
Acres
Current
Zoning
Comprehensive
Plan (Crozet
Master Plan)
Designation
CT-1, CT-2, CT-
3, CT-4
056-91
Barnes-
Crozet,
LLC
19.69
RA
Located in western Albemarle County, the site is located along the western edge of
Crozet, within the boundaries of the Crozet Master Plan. The site is bordered to the
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c:J URBAN GENERAL (CT4)
c:J URBAN EDGE (CT3)
c:J DEVELOPMENT AREA RESERVE (CT 2)
c:J DEVELOPMENT AREA PRESERVE (CT 1)
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Excerpt from the Crozet Master Plan.
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north by State Route 240 and to the south by the C&O Railroad, with the Western Ridge
subdivision on the south side of the railroad. To the west is existing farmland. Wickham
Pond Phase I exists to the east, which has been approved as a Neighborhood Model
District and construction plans are now underway. The subject property is identified on
Exhibit 2: Zoning Parcel Map and the boundaries are specifically delineated in the
General Development Plan. The Crozet Master Plan designates the developable land
within this parcel as CT-3 and CT-4.
PROPOSED
This application proposes to rezone the parcel described above to Neighborhood Model
District (NMD), per the regulations contained in 18-20A of the Albemarle County Zoning
Ordinance. The previously approved NMD to the east [Wickham Pond Phase I] will
effectively annex the proposed project, resulting in a seamless community of varying
uses. Road A will provide a northern entrance to the development. Along the western
side of the entrance road, mixed-use and residential structures are proposed.
Approximately 16,000 sq. ft. of retail and office uses are proposed on the ground floor of
two of the four buildings, buildings C and D. Fifty (50) residential units will be divided
among the four buildings, of which eight (8) shall meet affordability standards. An
overhead arch may connect buildings C and D, to frame an outdoor patio area between
these two buildings. Green space shall be provided to the north and west of these
buildings where a tot lot, community garden and open field shall be located. The
southern portion of the site shall consist of residential development referred to as
"Sunset Village." Forty-eight single family residences are proposed of varying designs
on lots averaging between 50 and 60 feet in width. Alleys shall provide access to the
units at the center of this block. Eight additional affordable units shall be provided within
a single structure with architecture similar to that of the single family detached units. An
existing pond at the eastern boundary of the site shall be improved to accommodate
stormwater management needs for this development and Wickham Pond Phase I. A
walking trail shall be provided along the landscaped edge of the pond, connecting to the
trail system to the east at Wickham Pond Phase I. The trail will continue along the
southern boundary of the site, connecting to the stream buffer and future greenway
along the stream at the southwestern corner of the site.
Wickham Pond Phase II will be developed in two phases. Phase A will consist of the
development of Sunset Village and the entirety of Road A. The four buildings at the
north end of the site in Block 2 and associated amenities will be developed as Phase B.
The timing of the two phases is detailed in the proffers.
Streets and sidewalks throughout Wickham Pond Phase II will enable pedestrians and
cyclists to readily travel anywhere within the community without relying solely on an
automobile. All streets will provide pedestrian sidewalks with disabled access and
planting strips, creating an inviting streetscape. Streets and sidewalks will provide
opportunities for interconnectivity to the north, east and west. Mixed use and multi-
't; Wickham Pond Phase II
, WEATHER HILL DEVELOPMENT, LLC
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:. family buildings will be of tasteful, mutually complementary architecture to create a
pedestrian-friendly, urban atmosphere.
Architectural styles and landscaping techniques will be utilized which complement the
natural beauty of the site and contribute to its livability. Amenities and green spaces will
be provided throughout the development area to provide recreational opportunities and
enhance the scenic views.
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III. CODE OF DEVELOPMENT
Blocks
The following is a summary of the characteristics of the blocks which make up Wickham
Pond Phase II, as illustrated on Exhibit 3, General Block Plan.
Block 1: Forty-eight single family detached residences and 8 affordable apartment units
are proposed within Block 1. Lots 1-30 are located along the perimeter of Block 1, with
lot widths averaging 50 ft. to 60 ft. These lots will be accessed from the front, via roads
A, C and D. Lots 31-48 shall be located at the center of the block, approximately 50 ft.
wide. Road E, a private alley, shall provide access to these units. The eight affordable
units shall be located within a multi-family structure at the southwest corner of Roads A
and B, utilizing on-street parking.
Block 2 Four buildings are proposed within Block 2 offering a variety of housing and
commercial uses. Building A, at the west side of the block shall consist of 22 residential
units. The southern portion of Building A shall consist of 3 stories, and the remaining
northern portion shall consist of two stories to provide a gradual visual transition from
Route 240. Building B shall consist of 8 residential units within a two-story structure.
Buildings C and D, located at the corner of Roads A and B, shall each be 3 stories with
commercial uses allowed on the ground floor and residential units above. Eight units
are proposed within Building C and 12 units are proposed within Building D. The
commercial uses allowed in Buildings C and D will include neighborhood-scale retail,
office and community uses. Between Buildings C and D, at the corner of Roads A and
B, an open outdoor patio is proposed. Here, tables and chairs may be located,
surrounding a central focal feature such as landscaping or a fountain. This patio area
may be framed by an overhead arch connecting Buildings C and D, providing a gateway
to the green space and amenities located to the northwest. The greenspace and
amenities within Block 2 shall include a tot lot, community garden and open field for
recreational activities. A new hedgerow shall be planted along Route 240, similar to the
existing hedgerow at this location.
Streets
The design of streets and alleys shall comply with the Virginia Department of
Transportation (VDOT) 2005 Standard Requirements. Typical street and alley cross
sections are provided within the General Development Plan that depict maximum street
widths. Reductions in street widths in accordance with Neighborhood Model guidelines
may be pursued by the applicant but are subject to review and approval by VDOT and
the County Engineer. All public streets shall provide sidewalks, planting strips and
concrete curb and gutter in compliance with VDOT standards in coordination with the
provision of required trees. Final design of streets and alleys shall be subject to
approval by VDOT and the Albemarle County Engineer. Table 6 lists the specifications
for each street.
~ Wickham Pond Phase II
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Road A shall serve as the primary entrance to Wickham Pond Phase II, from Route 240.
Between Route 240 and its intersection with Road B, Road A will consist of two travel
lanes with parallel parking on each side to serve the uses in Block 2. On-street parking
shall not be allowed along the northernmost section of Road A, where a dedicated
northbound left turn lane shall be striped to access Route 240 westbound. Between
Road B and Road C, Road A will provide two travel lanes and adequate width to allow
parking on one side.
Road 8 is proposed to run east-west through the site, providing a second access point
via Wickham Pond Phase I, to the east. Road B will terminate at the western boundary
of the site, to accommodate a potential future connection. The western end of Road B
has been designed to bend toward the south to direct a potential future extension of the
Road toward the boundaries of the designated development area on the adjacent
parcel. The east end of Road B will connect Wickham Pond Phase II to Wickham Pond
Phase I, so that traffic can directly travel between the parcels.
Road Cwill provide frontage for various lots in Block 1. Road C will allow for two travel
lanes and parking on one side.
Road D is proposed at the intersection of Road A and Road C, at the southern end of
the site. Road D shall consist of a one-way street to provide access to 5 lots at the
southeastern corner of the site. A landscaped island will be located at the center of this
circular loop. No parking s,hall be allowed along Road D.
Road E shall consist of a private alley to access the lots at the center of Block 1. The
alley shall consist of a 24' easement with no parking allowed.
Parking
In accordance with the Neighborhood Model, parking will be relegated out of public
view, throughout Wickham Pond Phase II.
The various uses in Block 2 will be served by sub-surface parking garages beneath the
respective buildings. On-street parallel parking along Roads A and B will provide
additional parking opportunities for residents, business patrons and those utilizing the
park.
Within Block 1, all single-family residences shall include 2-car garages. Garages for the
units located in lots 31 - 48 shall be accessed via alleys so that garages are not visible
from private streets. On-street parking shall be allowed along public streets as
designated in the General Development Plan.
Parking analysis calculations are provided in the Appendix.
~ Wickham Pond Phase II
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Greenspace and Amenities
A plan for green spaces and amenities is included within the General Development
Plan.
In Block 2, an active park is proposed consisting of an open field for recreational uses, a
tot lot and a community garden. At the northwest corner of Roads A and B, an outdoor
patio is proposed with a central fountain, landscaping and space for outdoor dining.
Landscaping shall surround the amenities to provide a scenic component and an
element of privacy for the tenants and residents of the buildings in Block 2. The
northern boundary of Block 2 will be buffered from Route 240 with a new hedgerow
similar to the existing hedgerow at this location, similar in composition to the hedgerow
approved at Wickham Pond Phase I. A 25 ft. buffer will be provided along the western
boundary of Block 2 where a hedgerow will be provided to protect the privacy of the
adjacent neighbor.
Within Block 1, a significant area of green space and amenities shall be provided along
the pond at the eastern site boundary. A trail shall be provided around the pond,
connecting to the trail at Wickham Pond Phase I. The trail shall continue along the
southern boundary of the site and connect to a stream buffer at the southwestern
corner. Access to the trail shall be provided at the east end of Road B and at the
southern end of Road D. The trail system between Wickham Pond Phase I and II will
provide a valuable recreational resource for the residents of the two communities.
Planting strips and street trees are planned along all streets to soften the streetscape.
Pedestrian Access
Pedestrian access is provided throughout Wickham Pond Phase II, in accordance with
the Neighborhood Model. All streets will include sidewalks, with connections provided
to sidewalks on adjacent parcels. Sidewalks will be provided along Route 240 to
connect to the sidewalks included in the approved Wickham Pond Phase I to the east.
Specific Development Guidelines
Permitted uses for each block are designated on Table 5: Allowable Uses. Block 1
allows single family uses and limited multi-family uses, consistent with the CT-3
designation. A mixture of residential and commercial uses are allowed in Block 2.
Allowable commercial uses are intended to provide small-scale urban activity to support
the residents of Wickham Pond.
An analysis of density and allowable units for each block are included on Table 2:
Density. Overall, the Crozet Master Plan allows a maximum of 118 units, while the
proposed plan proposes to develop 106. Implementing this level of density ensures that
future development in Albemarle County will remain within the growth areas, and the
natural state of the rural areas will be protected.
Limitations on lot size and number of stories are provided on Table 3: Zoning
Regulations. Single family residences shall have a minimum street frontage of 25
ft., with most lot frontages planned between 50 ft. and 60 ft. Although 3 story
structures are allowed at Wickham Pond Phase 2, the General Development Plan
~ Wickham Pond Phase II
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limits the height of portions of the proposed buildings at the front of the site to two
stories, to protect views from the entrance corridor along Route 240.
Setback regulations are defined for each block on Table 4: Setbacks. Build-to
line ranges have been established to ensure a comfortable spatial enclosure ratio
is maintained along public streets. Garages along the alleys in Block 1 shall be
setback 5 ft. from the edge of the alley pavement to preclude vehicles from
parking in driveways and impeding traffic flow through the alleys.
Gradino
Wickham Pond Phase II has been designed with respect for the existing
topography and natural landscape. General grading is provided within the
General Development Plan, which depicts minimal land disturbance to
accommodate the proposed development. In order to extend existing public
sewer facilities to service the lots at the southwestern portion of the site,
moderate fill is required in this area as shown on figure 7 of the General
Development Plan.
Stormwater Manaoement
An existing pond located at the southeast corner of the site will be utilized to
accommodate site drainage. Improvements to this pond have been previously
calculated and submitted with the Wickham Pond Phase I plan, to accommodate
both the Wickham Pond Phase I and Wickham Pond Phase II developments.
The majority of Block 1 shall drain to the existing basin. The runoff from the
residential and mixed use buildings, and surrounding hardscape within Block 2
shall also be collected and diverted to the existing basin for treatment. A portion
of the southwest corner of the property, comprised of single family residences
within Block 1, will drain to a proposed biofilter, as shown on the General
Development Plan. Open space at the front of the property, adjacent to Route
240 will maintain its existing drainage pattern, and therefore does not require any
new stormwater management facilities, since the impervious area is not being
increased.
Entrance Corridor Protection
Route 240 is a designated entrance corridor in Albemarle County. In order to
preserve the scenic views from Route 240, the northern 150 feet of the site will
remain undeveloped, as a buffer, to shield views of the development. A new
hedgerow of mixed vegetation shall be installed along Route 240 to match the
buffer along Wickham Pond Phase I. A black three- or four-board fence shall be
installed to match the existing fence at the Highlands development. After
installation, the hedgerow will evolve into a naturalized buffer.
~ Wickham Pond Phase II
, WEA THER HILL DEVELOPMENT, LLC
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TABLES
Table 1:
Table 2:
Table 3:
Table 4:
Table 5:
Table 6:
Land Use and Green Space
Density
Lot and Height Regulations
Setbacks
Allowable Uses
Street Specifications
~ Wickham Pond Phase II
, WEA THER HILL DEVELOPMENT, LLC
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Table 5: Allowable Uses
81312006
USES BLOCK NUMBER
1 2
Detached single family dwelling X
Semi-detached and attached single-family dwellings such as duplexes, triplexes, quadraplexes,
townhouses, atrium houses and patio houses X
! Semi-Detached Single-Family Dwelling X
c
. Multiple Family dwellings X X
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iiii Rental of accessory structures X X
.
a:: Accessory Apartments X
Home Occupation Class A X X
Home Occupation Class B X X
Antique, gift, notion and craft shops X
Barber, Beauty Shops X
Central Reproduction and Mailing Services X
Clothing, Apparel & Shoe Shops X
Drug store, phannacy X
Eating Establishments X
Fanners' Ma!1(et X
Fast Food Restaurant X
Financiallnsthutions X
~ Florist X
. Food & Grocery Stores X
a::
Hardware Store X
Hotels, Motels and Inns X
Laundries, Dry Cleaners X
Retail Nurseries & Greenhouses X
Sale/service of goods associated with the principal use such as, but not limhed to: musical
instruments, musical scores, text books, artist's supplies and dancing shoes and apparel X
Sporting Goods X
Tailor, Seamstress X
Tourist Lodging X
Offices X
Churches, Cemeteries X
Clubs, Lodges, Civic, Fraternal, Patriotic X
Commercial Recreation Establishments X
Community Center X
Electric, gas, oil and communication facilhies, excluding tower structures and including poles, lines,
transfonners, pipes, meters and related facilities for distribution of local service and owned and
operated by a public utility Water distribution and sewerage collection lines, pumping stations and
1:: appurtenances owned and operated by the Albemarle County Service Authority. Except as
0
Co otherwise expressly provided, central water supplies and central sewerage systems in confonnance
Co
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Pa!1(ing Structure X
Private Schools X
Public Uses and Buildings such as schools, oflices, pa!1(s, playgrounds and roads X X
Stand alone pa!1(ing and pa!1(ing structures X
Stonnwater management facilities shown on an approved final she plan or subdivision plat. X X
Temporary Construction Uses X X
Tier I Personal Wireless Facilities X X
Accessory uses and buildings including storage buildings X X
Outdoor storage, display and/or sales serving or associated with a by-right pennitted use, if any portion of
the use would be visible from a travelway SP
Note: Uses not listed here shall be deemed unpermitted uses as Wickham Pond Phase II
X = Allowable Use
SP = Use allowable subject to the approval of a separate Special Use Pennit
Wickham Pond Phase /I
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8/3/2006
v. ARCHITECTURAL AND LANDSCAPE
STANDARDS
The following regulations and development guidelines will be applied to the buildings and
lots in Wickham Pond. The guidelines are intended to foster the development of a variety of
styles while maintaining a degree of consistency that cohesively ties the entire development
together. In the event that a conflict exists between these standards and requirements and
any applicable state or local codes, the codes shall take precedence.
The Wickham Pond Architecture Review Committee will approve detailed architectural
standards based on the Code of Development prior to submission to the County to
ensure compliance with the Code of Development. Prior to recordation of the covenants
and restrictions, they should be submitted to the Director of Planning for review to
ensure compliance with the Code of Development. The Developer shall establish the
Wickham Pond Architecture Review Committee prior to the issuance of the first building
permit in order to enforce the Code of Development's architectural and landscape
standards set forth herein. A certificate of approval from the Wickham Pond Architecture
Review Committee must be submitted at the time of building permit application.
Form. Massino and Proportion of Structure
. All single-family detached residences shall include a formal porch facing the street.
Where dimensions and logistics permit, these entries shall be covered.
. All first floor (not basements) ceiling heights shall be a minimum of 9-ft.
. Garages on the single-family lots shall be recessed from the house fa~ade if the
doors face the street. Garages may be located to the rear of the house, either
attached or unattached.
. The lots in Block 1 shall have picket fencing with vertical pickets and swinging gates
along their front property lines.
Materials and Color
. Exterior siding shall consist of painted horizontal or board and batten-patterned wood
or Hardiplank, brick, stucco, or stone. Vinyl siding is not permitted.
. All materials and exterior colors shall be submitted and approved by the Wickham
Pond Architectural Review Committee.
. Multiple colors may be used for the main siding type. One trim color shall used
throughout the structure. Siding colors shall be earth tones; white is not acceptable.
. Roof materials may be architectural dimensional shingles, tile, standing seam copper
or metal. In all cases roof colors will be muted, darker tones with low or no
reflectivity .
. Exposed foundation areas must be finished with stone, brick or stucco.
';; Wickham Pond Phase II
, WEATHER HILL DEVELOPMENT, LLC
21
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8/3/2006
Roof Pitch and Form
. Minimum roof pitch for main roof areas shall be 6: 12 for gable end structures. Lower
pitches of 5:12 or 4:12 may be permitted if a hip roof is employed and the design
warrants it.
. Dormer roofs shall match the pitch of the principle roof.
. Shed roof dormers may use pitches one half of the main roof.
. With the exception of corner lots, ridgelines of the main structure shall be parallel or
perpendicular to the street.
Architectural Ornamentation & Styles
. Certain exterior elements should be utilized to provide a blended architectural
context, as described in Fa~ade Treatments below.
. Building architecture shall be generally consistent with Virginia
FarmhouseNernacular. The developer may implement unique interpretations of this
style, if approved by the Architectural Review Committee for Wickham Pond.
Facade Treatments (including window and door ooenings)
. On houses with siding, window and door trim, and corner boards, trim material
shall be 5/4" thick by a minimum of 4" wide painted wood, Miratec, or equivalent.
This shall apply to all exterior facades.
. Shutters, where used, must be half the width of the window in size. No shutters
will be allowed on "twin windows" without specific approval of the A.R.B.
. All components (with the exception of the floor material itself) used to construct
porches and decks will be painted. This includes support columns, lattice work,
bands, railings, and pickets.
Streetscape Treatments
. At the entrance to Wickham Pond Phase II from Route 240 and along the entire
Route 240 frontage, a 3 or 4-board fence shall be installed to define the limits of the
community and protect those using the adjacent open space. The fence is
recommended to be painted black, similar to that which currently exists at the
Highlands subdivision.
. Porch sections on single-family homes which face a road shall have a minimum depth
of 7 feet.
. Sidewalks serving individual units shall be concrete or brick.
. In the case of driveway entrances, the area between the gutter line of the street and
the roadside edge of the public sidewalk shall be concrete unless VDOT approves,
and the developer chooses to install brick paving. Where individual driveways occur,
the developer will establish the material and installation method to be used for all
driveways within a particular development block.
. Private drives for the single-family detached lots may utilize brick, asphalt, masonry
pavers, or solid stone. Gravel shall not be used except during construction.
. All streets and parking lots shall be paved.
. House numbers shall be mounted at the house and visible from the street.
. Mailboxes shall be mounted at the front door if the US Postal Service permits.
~ Wickham Pond Phase II
, WEA THER HILL DEVELOPMENT. LLC
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. Trash receptacles shall be placed at the street only on the evening before or the day
of scheduled pick-up. Receptacles shall be removed from the street by the end of the
day of each scheduled pick-up. At all other times the trash receptacles shall be
located out of view from the street. Suitable enclosures for the trash receptacles may
include solid fenced areas either located to the side or rear of homes or garages, out
of view from the street.
. Any lot desiring to have an irrigation system shall place the backflow-preventer out of
view from the street. Suitable locations include up-against the house, behind
landscaping, or in underground vaults. Homeowners shall paint the backflow-
preventer either a brown, dark green or black color so that it blends into the
surrounding landscape. Maintaining irrigation systems shall be the sole responsibility
of the lot owner. The Homeowner's Association may intervene in cases where poor
design, malfunction or poor maintenance results in spray onto public or common
areas or excessive water usage occurs.
Lighting Treatments
. All exterior lighting throughout Wickham Pond Phase II shall be classified as cut-off
lighting, protecting adjacent properties from light pollution.
. All exterior lighting shall comply with County ordinances and VDOT standards.
. Fixtures shall not be shoe-box in character.
. Any street lighting along the road that is not regulated by the individual homeowner
shall be mounted on a 10-ft pole. The Homeowners Association shall be responsible
for maintenance, operation and costs associated with these features. They shall be
metered separately from individual lots.
. All street lighting fixtures shall be of the same manufacturer, style and color
throughout the development.
. Lamp posts and fixtures located on individual lots shall be of the same manufacturer,
style and color throughout the development.
Landscape Treatments
. Once off-site road improvements have been accomplished, the front fencing and new
hedgerow of mixed tree and shrub varieties shall be installed along the northern limits
of the property. Both evergreen and deciduous trees of various sizes will blend with
shrub masses to create a natural buffer between the open space and the busy
roadway.
. All street tree plantings shall be a minimum 2.5" to 3" in caliper according to the
American Nurseryman's Association criteria. Installation of each species shall be
performed at appropriate times of the year. In general, trees shall be evenly spaced
30' to 40' on-center and located 3' from the back of curb. Tree spacing shall be
flexible to accommodate driveway locations. Uniformity in tree spacing shall be
maintained as much as possible, but may differ, on each individual street.
. Street tree branching shall be regularly maintained by the Homeowner's Association
to ensure clear sight lines along the street and sidewalk and from each intersection.
Branching shall not begin less than 5' from the adjacent ground surface and a
minimum of 7' of head clearance shall be maintained on all public sidewalks.
~ Wickham Pond Phase II
, WEATHER HILL DEVELOPMENT, LLC
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. Street trees shall not be cut down for any reason unless the tree(s) are identified as
being unhealthy, dead or dying by a certified state arborist. In the event a street tree
is removed, it shall be replaced by a tree of equal or greater caliper of the same
species at the expense of the Homeowner's Association. Only at the approval of
Homeowner's Association can a substitute tree species be installed.
. Trees located in front yards or in view from the street shall not be removed by a
homeowner unless the subject tree is dead. In the case of suspected poor health or
infestation, a certified state arborist shall issue a letter to the Homeowner's
Association recommending that the tree be removed. In the event a tree is removed,
the owner, at his/her expense, shall install a replacement tree no less than 2" in
caliper for a deciduous tree and 6' to 8' in height for an evergreen tree. Homeowners
are encouraged to plant their yards with a variety of vegetative species, preferably
those native to the area.
. Supplemental plantin9s on individual lots are encouraged, particularly within the front
yard area to soften the appearance of building facades. Combinations of the various
types of plant material (evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs) as well as native
plantings are encouraged.
Guidelines for Tree Preservation
Upon final grading of the development, preservation measures shall be administered to
trees within wooded areas to be maintained within the conservation/ preservation areas
delineated in the General Development Plan, with particular preservation effort directed
toward trees with trunk diameters greater than 18 inches at breast height. Wooded
areas to remain shall be fenced off from construction activity with portable chain link
fencing no closer than five (5) feet to the trunk or to the edge of the drip line, whichever
is greater. Silt fencing shall be utilized at stream buffers.
A Tree Conservation plan will be prepared in accordance with the Virginia Erosion &
Sediment Control Handbook and County requirements. The conservation plan will be
incorporated into the Erosion & Sediment Control plan and submitted for County review
and approval. The Albemarle County Conservation Plan Checklist is provided in the
Appendix.
Further measures for tree protection are outlined the Appendix: Tree Preservation &
Protection, chapter 3.38 of the Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook.
';;Wickham Pond Phase II
, WEATHER HILL DEVELOPMENT, LLC
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VI. COMPLIANCE WITH THE NEIGHBORHOOD
MODEL DISTRICT PRINCIPLES
The Neighborhood Model, created by Albemarle County, sets forth twelve principles for
development, intended to foster the development of attractive, livable neighborhoods
where various uses are intermingled and pedestrian accessibility is paramount. The
applicant is proud to embrace these principles in the development of Wickham Pond
Phase II. The following is an explanation of the project's conformity with the
Neighborhood Model District principles.
Principle 1.
Accommodate walkers, bikers, and public transportation so that mobility can be a reality
for the elderly, the young, and those with limited access to automobiles.
Wickham Pond is committed to providing a pedestrian-friendly environment, attractive
for pedestrians and bicyclists of all ages. Sidewalks are proposed on every street
throughout the development, with connections to pedestrian walkways on adjacent
parcels. Commercial uses in Block 2 are intended to create an engaging urban
streetscape in close proximity to residences in the development. Wickham Pond has
preserved over 20% of the site for green space and amenities to provide opportunities
for its residents to experience and enjoy their natural surroundings.
Principle 2.
Make open space integral to overall design so that residents and workers can walk to a
public park, experience preserved natural areas, and enjoy public gathering places.
Open spaces are provided throughout Wickham Pond. A scenic pond at the
southeastern corner of the site will be preserved and enhanced to provide a scenic
water feature in the development A park is provided at the front northwest corner of the
site, where residents may choose to meet, picnic or recreate. Effort has been made to
maintain many of the existing trees on site. Additional landscaping shall be provided
throughout the development, including street trees along every street to enhance the
natural beauty.
Principle 3.
Keep buildings and spaces at a human scale so that street views are attractive and
pedestrian friendly.
Structures throughout the project are limited to three stories. Streets include planting
strips and street trees to maintain an attractive pedestrian environment. On-street
parking will contribute toward the safe perception pedestrians will have of the sidewalks
provided.
Principle 4.
Incorporate varying densities and gradually allow for an overall increase in density in the
Development Areas to meet the goals of the Comprehensive Plan.
~ Wickham Pond Phase II
, WEA THER HILL DEVELOPMENT, LLC
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Proposed densities are within the limits proscribed by the Crozet Master Plan. The
densities proposed enable additional growth within the designated development area in
order to maintain the rural areas in their pastoral state.
Principle 5.
Contain a mixture of residential and non-residential uses so residents have convenient
access to work, to services, and to entertainment.
Wickham Pond Phase /I includes single family detached residences in addition to
affordable multi-family units within Block 1. Block 2 will allow up to 16, 000 sq. ft. of
commercial uses with multi-family residential uses. This combination of uses will
provide residents with opportunities to work and conduct business within walking
distance from their homes.
Principle 6.
Require interconnected streets within developments and between developments so that
pedestrians can walk easily to many destinations, traffic has alternative routes, and car
trips are reduced in number and length.
Interconnectivity is a key element of Wickham Pond Phase /I. Streets have been
designed to connect to existing streets to the north and east. Although the adjacent
parcel to the west is currently undeveloped, the street network has been designed to
accommodate a potential future connection at this location.
Principle 7.
Move off-street parking out of sight and encourage on-street parking.
Parking has been relegated throughout Wickham Pond Phase /I. Single family
residences each include 2-car garages. Garages in the center of Block 1 are accessed
via private alleys to the rear of these blocks. Affordable units in Block 1 will utilize on-
street parking. In Block 2, the commercial and residential buildings include sub-surface
parking garages which are shared between uses. Additional on-street parallel parking is
available throughout the development, in accordance with the Neighborhood Model
Principle 8.
Mix housing types and markets so that the full range of housing choices is offered within
the neighborhood.
Wickham Pond Phase /I will provide single-family residences in Block 1 and multi-family
residences in Block 2, as condominiums above and adjacent to commercial uses. Eight
affordable units are proposed in a multi-unit building within Block 1 and eight affordable
apartment units are planned for Block 2.
Principle 9.
Emphasize re-use of sites.
~ Wickham Pond Phase II
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The subject site is currently undeveloped, therefore an opportunity does not exist for re-
use of the site.
Principle 10.
Adapt development to site terrain so that natural topography can be preserved.
Wickham Pond Phase /I has been designed to follow the natural topography of the site
as much as possible. The General Development Plan indicates that minimal grading will
be conducted to accommodate the improvements proposed, and establish an inter-
connective street network.
Principle 11.
Maintain a clear boundary between Development Areas and Rural Areas.
Wickham Pond Phase /I is located entirely within the boundaries of the development
area.
Principle 12.
Provide for neighborhoods to have a designated center to bring diverse and continuous
activity to a neighborhood.
The center of Wickham Pond Phase /I will occur in Block 2. Here will be located a
cluster of commercial shops, offices and/ or eating establishments to support the
residents of the development. A large park will be located in Block 2, at the front of the
site, to provide a place for residents to meet, relax and recreate. The corner at the main
entrance will consist of an outdoor plaza with a central focal feature and dining area.
~ Wickham Pond Phase J1
,. WEATHER HILL DEVELOPMENT, LLC
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ParkinQ Analvsis
-~- ~-,--~_.~._~ ----.--
I PARKING DEMAND
, BLOCK 1
-;
quantity
i# spaces per 'Total spaces
; DU req'd ,required
._. ._ _____J
48; 2i
"'s' -2T
o
16!
16'
: on-site spaces i off-site spaces
provided : needed
-
SFD res. units
>---.-------- -~---_.-
, MF res. units
TOTAL
.~~-:--
0;
96'
96
16;
112 '
- .-.---..------ ..----.'-.-.--'---'.-. -,_. . . -..
-> ADEQUATE ON-STREET PARKING AVAILABLE TO MEET THE PARKING DEMAND FOR BLOCK 1
BLOCK 2
----. -" -.
· Residential Units
, Commercial Uses 1
TOTAL
# units
50
n/a
Gross area
. ___'__.'__m
n/a
16,000
Net area
...._,,-~--_._._.._---.
n/a
12,800
. parki":l9 r~g's1 ' ;
11 ?:~!
64
176,5'
On-street parking provided
Garage parking2
TOTAL 3
# ~p~~~s
26
151
177
-> ADEQUATE PARKING AVAILABLE TO MEET THE PARKING DEMAND FOR BLOCK 2
1 Preliminary parking calculations for commercial uses are shown using the office space multiplier (Le. 1
space per 200 sq. ft. of net floor area). Other uses may be approved at the site plan stage subject to the
implementation of additional parking adequate to meet the demand, or implementation of parking demand
l'TIana~ement strategies acceptable to the. [)irec!~r.C?f_~~mm~ni!y,?~~lop'!lent.
2 Parking availability may be increased based on final design of the parking garage in Block 2.
3 Shared parking arrangements may be provided, once specific uses for Block 2 have been identified,
subject to the approval of the Director of Community Development.
~Wickham Pond Phase II
, WEATHER HILL DEVELOPMENT, LLC
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I Trio Generation
LAND USE quantity rate tripsl day
I Single Family Units 48 units 10 trips! unit! day 480
Condominiums! Apts 58 units 6 trips! uniU day 348
I Commercial space 16,000 sq. ft. 0.011 trips! sq. ft./ day 176
,
,
. - "--. --- ------_._~... .-._~.."'._- .. . '"e___ . _. ._ ___M .._- . -. -.- __.__._~._._l
;TOTAL 1004
- , -- -- - -.. n.~_ _ .. - .-.'--".. ..- .-_.,. ~_. -.... 0-'_' . __~_..__.__ d_.
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County of Albemarlt
Conservation Plan Chec:kIist- To be placed on Landscape Plans
(Handbook, pp ID-284-1l1-297 for complete specifications)
1. The followlne items shall be shown on the plan:
o Trees to be saved;
o Limits of clearing (outside dripline of trees to be saved);
o Location and type of protective fencing;
o Grade changes requiring tree wells or walls;
o Proposed trenching or tunneling beyond the limits of clearing.
2. Marklnes:
o All trees to be saved shall be marked with print or ribbon at a height clearly visible to equipment operators.
o No grading shall begin Wltil the tree marking has been inspected and approved by a COWlty Inspector,
3. Pre-Construction Conference:
o Tree preseIYation and protection measures shall be reviewed with the contractor on site.
4. Equipment Operation and Storaee:
o Heavy equipment, vehicular traffic and storage of construction materials including soil shall not be permitted within the driplines of trees
to be saved.
5. Soli Erosion and Stormwater Detention Devices:
o Such devices shall not adversely affect trees to be saved.
6. Fires:
o Fires are not permitted within ]00 feet of the dripline of trees to be saved.
7. Toxic Materials:
o Toxic materials shall not be stored within ]00 feet of the dripline of trees to be saved.
8. Protective Fenclne:
o Trees to be retained within 40 feet of a proposed building or grading activity shall be protected by fencing.
o Fencing shall be in place and shall be inspected and approved by a COWlty ]nspector prior to grading or construction.
9. Tree Wells:
o When the groWld level must be raised within the dripline of a tree to be saved, a tree well shall be provided and a construction detail
submitted for approval,
10. Tree WaUs:
o When the groWld level must be lowered within the dripline a tree to be saved, a tree wall shall be provided; and a construction detail
submitted for approval,
11. Trenchlne and TunneUne:
o When trenching is required within the limits of clearing, it shall be done as far away from the trunks of trees as possible. Tunneling
under a large tree shall be considered as an alternative when it is anticipated that necessaty trenching will destroy feeder roots.
12. Cleanup:
o Protective fencing shall be the last items removed during the final cleanup.
13. Damaeed Trees:
o Damaged trees shall be treated immediately by pruning, fertilization or other methods recommended by a tree specialist.
NOTE: IT IS THE DEVELOPER'S RESPONSIBILITY TO CONFER WITH THE CONTRACTOR ON TREE CONSERVATION
REQUIREMENTS.
OWNER SIGNATURE
(DATE)
CONTRACT PURCHASER SIGNATURE
(DATE)
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STO & SPEC 3.38
I, @ .1
TREE PRESERVATION
& PROTECTION
o
Definition
Protection of desirable trees from mechanical and other injury during land disturbing and
construction activity.
Puqx>se
To ensure the survival of desirable trees where they will be effective for erosion and
sediment control, watershed protection, landscape beautification, dust and pollution control,
noise reduction, shade and other environmental benefits while the land is being converted
from forest to urban-type uses.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
Tree-inhabited areas subject to land disturbing activities.
ill - 393
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Planning Considerations
New development often takes place on tracts of forested land. In fact, building sites are
often selected because of the presence of mature trees. However, unless sufficient care is
taken and planning done in the inteIVal between buying the property and completing
construction, much of this resource is likely to be destroyed. The property owner is
ultimately responsible for protecting as many trees as possible, with their understory and
ground cover. This responsibility is usually exercised by agents-the planners, designers and
contractors. It takes 20 to 30 years for newly planted trees to provide the benefits for which
we value trees so highly. Trees perform the following functions on a site:
1. Assist in stabilizing the soil and preventing erosion.
2. Help to decrease stormwater runoff through canopy interception and root
zone absorption.
3. Moderate temperature changes and provide shade.
4. Moderate the effects of sun and wind.
5. Provide buffers and screens against noise.
6. Filter pollutants from the air.
7. Help to remove carbon dioxide from the air and release oxygen.
8. Provide a haven for animals and birds, which help to control insect
populations.
9. ConselVe and increase property values.
to. Provide psychological and aesthetic counterpoints to the man-made urban
setting.
Stresses of Construction
Trees may appear to be inanimate objects, but they are living organisms that are constantly
involved in the process of respiration, food processing, and growth. Construction activities
expose trees to a variety of stresses resulting in injury ranging from superficial wounds to
death. An understanding of these stresses is helpful in planning for tree protection.
1. Surface Impacts: Natural and man-related forces exerted on the tree above the
ground can cause significant damage to trees.
a. Wind damage - Removal of some trees from groups will expose those
remaining to greater wind velocities. Trees tend to develop anchorage where
III - 394
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it is most needed. Isolated trees develop anchorage rather equally all around,
with stronger root development on the side of the prevailing winds. The more
a tree is protected from the wind, the less secure is its anchorage. The result
of improper thinning is often wind-thrown trees. Selective removal in favor
of a single tall tree may also create a lightning hazard.
b. Excessive pruning - Unprotected trees are often "topped" or carelessly pruned
to prevent interference with utility wires or buildings. H too many branches
~~~~~~~~w~~~H~~~is~
without considering the growth habit, the tree may lose all visual appeal. H
the branches are not pruned correctly, decay may set in.
c. Trunk damage - Tree trunks are often nicked or scarred by trucks and
construction equipment. Such superficial wounds provide access to insects
and disease.
Root Zone Impacts: Disturbing and delicate relationship between soil, roots, and the
rest of the tree can damage or kill a tree. The roots of an existing tree are
established in an area where essential materials (water, oxygen, and nutrients) are
present. The mass of the root system is the correct size to balance the intake of
water from the soil with the transpiration of water from the leaves.
a. Raising the grade as little as 6 inches can retard the normal exchange of air
and gases. Roots may suffocate due to lack of oxygen, or be damaged by
toxic gases and chemicals released by soil bacteria.
b. Raising the grade may also elevate the water table. This can cause drowning
of the deeper roots.
c. Lowering the grade is not usually as damaging as raising it. However, even
shallow cuts of 6 to 8 inches will remove most of the topsoil, removing some
feeder roots and exposing the rest to drying and freezing.
d. Deep cuts may sever a large portion of the root system, depriving the tree of
water and increasing the chance of wind-throw.
e. Lowering the grade may lower the water table, inducing drought. This is a
problem in large roadway cuts or underdrain installations.
f. Trenching or excavating through a tree's root zone can eliminate as much as
40 percent of the root system. Trees suffering such damage usually die within
2 to 5 years.
g. Compaction of the soil within the drip line (even a few feet beyond the drip
line) of a tree by equipment operation, materials storage, or paving can block
off air and water from roots.
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h.
Construction chemicals or refuse disposed of in the soil can change soil
chemistry or be toxic to trees. Most damage to trees from construction
activities is due to the invisible root zone stresses.
Desi~ Criteria
No formal design is required. However, in planning for the development of a wooded site
where some trees will be preserved, a number of criteria must be considered.
Selectin~ Trees to be Retained
The proper development of a wooded site requires completion of a plan for tree
preservation before clearing and construction begins. Trees should be identified by species,
and located on a topographical map, either as stands or as individuals, depending on the
density and value of the trees. Base decisions on which trees to save on the following
considerations:
1. Life expectancy and present age: Preference should be given to trees with a
long life span, such as white oak, beech, and maple. Long-lived specimens'
that are past their prime may succumb to the stresses of construction, so
smaller, younger trees of desirable species are preferred;' they are more
resilient and will last longer. However, if the cost of preservation is greater
than the cost of replacement with a specimen of the same age and size,
replacement may be preferred.
2. Health and disease susceptibility: Check for scarring caused by fire or
lightning, insect or disease damage, and rotted or broken trunks or limbs.
Pest- and pollution-resistant trees are preferred.
3. Structure: Check for structural defects that indicate weakness or reduce the
aesthetic value of a tree: trees growing from old stumps, large trees with
overhanging limbs that endanger property, trees with brittle wood (such as
silver maple), misshapen trunks or crowns, and small crowns at the top of tall
trunks. Open grown trees often have better form than those grown in the
woods. Trees with strong tap or fibrous root systems are preferred to trees
with weak rooting habits.
4. Cleanliness: Some trees such as elm and black locust are notoriously "dirty",
dropping twigs, bark, fruit, or plant exudates. A clean tree is worth more than
a dirty one. Trees which seed prolifically or sucker profusely are generally
less desirable in urban areas. Thornless varieties are preferred.
5. Aesthetic values: Handsome bark and leaves, neat growth habit, fine fall
color, and attractive flowers and fruit are desirable characteristics. Trees that
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provide interest during several seasons of the year enhance the value of the
site.
6.
Comfort: Trees help relieve the heat of stimmer and buffer strong winds
throughout the year. Summer temperatures may be 10 degrees cooler under
hardwoods than under conifers. Deciduous trees drop their leaves in winter,
allowing the sun to warm buildings and soil. Evergreens are more effective
wind buffers.
7.
Wildlife: Preference should be given to trees that provide food, cover, and
nesting sites for birds and game.
8.
Adaptability to the proposed development:
a. Consider the mature height and spread of trees; they may interfere
with proposed structures and overhead utilities. Roots may interfere
with walls, walks, driveways, patios, and other paved surfaces; or water
lines, septic tanks, and underground drainage.
b. Trees must be appropriate to the proposed use of the development;
select trees which are pollution-tolerant for high-traffic and industrial
areas, screen and buffer trees for noise or objectionable views, salt.
tolerant species for areas exposed to deicing salts or ocean spray.
c. Consider location of landfills. Gases generated in them can travel long
distances underground, to injure distant trees. Choose species tolerant
of anaerobic soil conditions.
d. Determine the effect of proposed grading on the water table. Grading
should not take place within the drip line of any tree to be saved.
9.
Survival needs of the tree: Chosen trees must have enough room to develop
naturally. They will be subject to injury from increased exposure to sunlight,
heat radiated from buildings and pavement, and wind. It is best to retain
groups of trees rather than individuals. As trees mature, they can be thinned
gradually.
10.
Relationship to other trees: Individual species should be evaluated in relation
to other species on the site. A species with low value when growing among
hardwoods will increase in value if it is the only species present. Trees
standing alone generally have higher landscape value than those in a wooded
situation. However, tree groups are much more effective in preventing
erosion and excess stormwater runoff.
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3.38
Site Plannin2 for Tree Protection
1. If lot size allows, select trees to be saved before siting the building. No tree should
be destroyed or altered until the design of buildings and utility systems is final.
2. Critical areas, such as flood plains, steep slopes, and wetlands, should be left in their
natural condition or only partially developed as open space.
3. Locate roadways to cause the least damage to valuable stands. Follow original
contours, where feasible, to minimize cuts and fills.
4. Minimize trenching by locating several utilities in the same trench. Excavations for
basements and utilities should be kept away from the drip line of trees.
5. Construction material storage areas and worker parking should be noted on the site
plan, and located where they will not cause compaction over roots.
6. When retaining existing trees in parking areas, leave enough ground ungraded
beyond the drip line of the tree to allow for its survival.
7. Locate erosion and sediment control measures at the limits of clearing and not in
wooded areas, to prevent deposition of sediment within the drip line of trees being
preserved. Sediment basins should be constructed in the natural terrain, if possible,
rather than in locations where extensive grading and tree removal will be required.
Specifications
1. Groups of trees and individual trees selected for retention shall be accurately located
on the plan and designated as "tree(s) to be saved." Individual specimens that are
not part of a tree group shall also have their species and diameter noted on the plan.
2. At a minimum, the limits of clearing shall be located outside the drip line of any tree
to be retained and, in no case, closer than 5 feet to the trunk of any tree (Plate 3.38-
1).
3. Markin~: Prior to construction and before the preconstruction conference, individual
trees and stands of trees to be retained within the limits of clearing shall be marked
at a height visible to equipment operators. According to the Virginia Department
of Forestry, a diagonal slash of brightly colored paint approximately 8 to 10 inches
in length is a common practice in areas where an accidental or purposeful alteration
of the proper markings is a concern. In most situations, such as an area which is
supposed to receive formal landscaping, a surveyor's ribbon or a similar material
applied at a reasonable height encircling the tree will suffice.
HT _ ~012
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3.38
l.4AXIMUM Ut.4ITS Of'
ClEARING AND GRADING
.......
PROPOSED GRADING
. .
DRIP UN[
PROTECTIVE DEVICE
.
..,.".
==-
CONSTRUCTION OPERATIONS RELATIVE
TO THE LOCATION OF PROTECTED TREES
Source: Public Facilities Manual, Vol. ITI, Fairfax Co., Va., 1976
Plate 3.38-1
4. Pre-Construction Conference: During any preconstruction conference, tree
preservation and protection measures should be reviewed with the contractor as they
apply to that specific project.
5. Equipment Operation and Storage: Heavy equipment, vehicular traffic, or stockpiles
of any construction materials (including topsoil) shall not be permitted within the
drip line of any tree to be retained. Trees being removed shall not be felled, pushed
or pulled into trees being retained. Equipment operators shall not clean any part of
their equipment by slamming it against the trunks of trees to be retained.
6. Fires: Fires shall not be permitted within 100 feet from the drip line of any trees to
be retained. Fires shall be limited in size to prevent adverse effects on trees, and
kept under surveillance.
7. Stora~e and Di&,posal of Toxic Materials: No toxic materials shall be stored closer
than 100 feet to the drip line of any trees to be retained. Paint, acid, nails, gypsum
board, wire, chemicals, fuels, and lubricants shall not be disposed of in such a way
as to injure vegetation.
III - 399
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8.
3.38
Fencing and Armoring (Plate 3.38-2): Any device may be used which will effectively
protect the roots, trunk and tops of trees retained on the site. However, trees to be
retained within 40 feet of a proposed building or excavation shall be protected by
fencing. Personnel must be instructed to honor protective devices. The devices
described are suggested only, and are not intended to exclude the use of other
devices which will protect the trees to be retained.
a. Snow Fence - Standard 40-inch high snow fence shall be placed at the limits
of clearing on standard steel posts set 6 feet apart.
b. Board Fence - Board fencing consisting of 4-inch square posts set securely in
the ground and protruding at least 4 feet above the ground shall be placed at
the limits of clearing with a minimum of two horizontal boards between posts.
If it is not practical to erect a fence at the drip line, construct a triangular
fence nearer the trunk. The limits of clearing will still be located at the drip
line, since the root zone within the drip line will still require protection.
c. Cord Fence - Posts with a minimum size of 2 inches square or 2 inches in
diameter set securely in the ground and protruding at least 4 feet above the
ground shall be placed at the limits of clearing with two rows of cord 1/4-inch
or thicker at least 2 feet apart running between posts with strips of colored
surveyor's flagging tied securely to the string at intervals no greater than 3
feet.
d. Plastic Fencing - 40-inch high "international orange" plastic (polyethylene) web
fencing secured to conventional metal 'T' or "U" posts driven to a minimum
depth of 18 inches on 6-foot minimum centers shall be installed at the limits
of clearing. The fence should have the following minimum physical qualities:
Tensile yield:
Average 2,000 lbs. per 4-foot width (ASTM D638)
Ultimate
tensile yield:
Average 2,900 lbs. per 4-foot width (ASTM D638)
Elongation
at break (%):
Greater than 1000% (ASTM D638)
Chemical
resistance:
Inert to most chemicals and acids
e. Earth Berms - Temporary earth berms shall be constructed according to
specifications for a TEMPORARY DIVERSION DIKE (Std.,& Spec. 3.9)
with the base of the berm on the tree side located along the limits of clearing.
Earth berms may not be used for this purpose if their presence will conflict
with drainage patterns.
III - 400
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FENCING AND ARMORING
SNOW FENCE
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DRIP UNE ~
BOARD FENCE
CORRECT METHODS OF TREE FENCING
-"
CORRECT TRUNK ARMORING
...
TRIANGULAR BOARD FENCE
Source: Va. DSWC
3.38
Plate 3.38-2
ill - 401
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338
f.
Additional Trees - Additional trees may be left standing as protection
between the trunks of the trees to be retained and the limits of clearing.
However, in order for this alternative to be used. the trunks of the trees in the
buffer must be no more than 6 feet apart to prevent passage of equipment
and material through the buffer. These additional trees shall be reexamined
prior to the completion of construction and either be given sufficient
treatment to ensure survival or be removed.
g.
Trunk Armorini - As a last resort, a tree trunk can be armored with burlap
wrapping and 2-inch studs wired vertically no more than 2 inches apart to a
height of 5 feet encircling the trunk. If this alternative is used, the root zone
within the drip line will still require protection. Nothing should ever be
nailed to a tree.
Fencing and armoring devices shall be in place before any excavation or grading is
begun, shall be kept in good repair for the duration of construction activities, and
shall be the last items removed during the final cleanup after the completion of the
project.
9. Raisini: the ~ade: When the ground level must be raised around an existing tree or
tree group, the following considerations shall be made and steps taken to adequately
care for the affected tree.
a. A well may be created around the tree(s) slightly beyond the drip line to
retain the natural soil in the area of the feeder roots (Plate 3.38-3).
TREE
DRIP LINE
FlNISHED GRADE
Source: Va. DSWC
Plate 3.38-3
ffi-402
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3.38
b.
In the case of an individual tree, when the above alternative is not practical
or desirable, the following method is recommended to ensure survival of the
tree (Plate 3.38-4).
1) Before making the fill, remove the green vegetation, sod, leaf litter,
and other organic matter from beneath the tree or trees to a ,distance
of 3 feet beyond the drip line and loosen the surface soil to a depth of
approximately 3 inches without damaging the roots.
2) Apply fertilizer in the root area of the tree to be retained. Fertilizer
formulations and application rates and methods shall conform to the
guidelines provided in Table 3.38-A
3) The dry well shall be constructed so as to allow for tree trunk diameter
growth. A space of at least 1 foot between the tree trunk and the well
wall is adequate for large, old, slow-growing trees. Clearance for
younger trees shall be at least 2 feet.
4) The well shall be high enough to bring the top just above the level of
the proposed fill. The well wall shall taper slightly away from the tree
trunk at a rate of 1 inch per foot of wall height.
5) The well wall shall be constructed of large stones, brick, building tile,
concrete blocks, or cinder blocks with care being taken to ensure that
ample openings are left through the wall of the well to allow for free
movement of air and water. Mortar shall only be used near the top of
the well and only above the porous fill.
6) Drain lines composed of 4-inch, high-quality drain tiles shall begin at
the lowest point inside the well and extend outward from the tree
trunk in a wheel-and-spoke pattern with the trunk as the hub. These
radial drain lines shall slope away from the well at a rate of 1/8 inch
per foot. The circumferential line of tiles should be located beneath
the drip line of the tree. Vertical tiles or pipes shall be placed over
the intersections of the two tile systems if a fill of more than 2 feet is
contemplated. These vertical tiles shall be held in place with stone fill.
Tile joints shall be tight. A few radial tiles shall extend beyond each
intersection and shall slope sharply downward to ensure good drainage.
7) Tar paper or its approved equivalent shall be placed over the tile
and/or pipe joints to prevent clogging, and large stone shall be placed
around and over drain tiles and/or pipes for protection.
III - 403
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TREE WELL DETAIL
TILE DRAINS
VERTICAL DRAIN
.
Source: Adapted from Tree Maintenance, 5th ed., Pirone, 1978.
III - 404
3.38
FILL SOIL
STRAW OR
FILTER fABRIC
SNALL STONE
LARGE STONE
TiR-~PfF.--
TILE DRAIN
Plate 3.38-4
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III - 405
3.38
00
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10.
3.38
8) A layer of 2- to 6-inches of stone shall be placed over the entire area
under the tree from the well outward at least as far as the drip line.
For fills up to 2-feet deep, a layer of stone 8- to 12-inches thick should
be adequate. A thicker layer of this stone, not to exceed 30 inches,
will be needed for deeper fills.
9) A layer of 3/4-inch to I-inch stone covered by straw, fiber-glass mat or
a manufactured filter fabric shall be used to prevent soil from clogging
the space between stones. Cinders shall not be used as fill material.
10) Filling shall be completed with porous soil such as topsoil until the
desired grade is reached. This soil shall be suitable to sustain specified
vegetation.
11) To prevent clogging of the drain lines, crushed stone shall be placed
inside the dry well over the openings of the radial tiles. Vertical tiles
shall also be filled with crushed rock and may also be covered with a
screen.
12) To prevent anyone from falling into the dry well and leaves and debris
from accumulating there, the area between the trunk and the well wall
shall either be covered by an iron grate or filled with a 50-50 mixture
of crushed charcoal and sand. (This will also prevent rodent
infestation and mosquito breeding.)
c. Where water drainage through the soil is not a problem, coarse gravel in the
fill may be substituted for the tile. This material has sufficient porosity to
ensure air drainage. Instead of the vertical tiles or pipes in the system, stones,
crushed rock, and gravel may be added so that the upper level of these porous
materials slants toward the surface in the vicinity below the drip line (Plate
3.38-5).
d. Raising the grade on only one side of a tree or group of trees may be
accomplished by constructing only half of one of these systems.
Lowerin~ the grade: Trees shall be protected from harmful grade cuts by the
construction of a tree wall (Plate 3.38-6).
a. Following excavation, all tree roots that are exposed and/or damaged shall be
trimmed cleanly, painted with tree paint, and covered with moist peat moss,
burlap, or other suitable material to keep them from drying out.
b. The wall shall be constructed of large stones, brick, building tile, or concrete
block or cinder block in accordance with the detail in Plate 3.38-6.
In - 406
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3.38
TREE WELL WITHOUT DRAIN TILES
DRIP UNE
NEW GRADE
FILL SOIL
COARSE
GRAVEL
Source: Va. DSWC
Plate 3.38-5
c. Backfill with peat moss or other organic material or with topsoil to retain
moisture and aid in root development.
d. Apply fertilizer and water thoroughly. Fertilizer formulations and application
rates and methods shall conform to the guidelines provided in Table 3.38-A
e. Prune the tree crown, reducing the leaf surface in proportion to the amount
of root loss.
f. Provide drainage through the wall so water will not accumulate behind the
wall.
g. Lowering the grade on only one side of a tree or group of trees may be
accomplished by constructing only half of this system.
III - 407
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1992 3.38
TREE WALL DETAIL
om, UN' ~
UNE or MINlMUI,l
EXCAVATION FOR
S' MIN. WAlL CONSTRUCTION
(DRIP UNE)
TOPSOIL ~KF1LL
NOT[: ROOTS P[NETRAllNG BEYOND
lHE WALL LOCATION SHOULD
BE BRIDGED
3cJ' MIN.
Source: Adapted from Trees for Architecture and
the Landscape, Zion, 1968. Plate 3.38-6
ITI - 408
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1992 3.38
11. Trenching and Tunnellin~:
a. Trenching shall be done as far away from the trunks of trees as possible,
preferably outside the branches or crown spreads of trees, to reduce the
amount of root area damaged, or killed by trenching activities.
b. Wherever possible, trenches should avoid large roots or root concentrations.
This can be. accomplished by curving the trench or by tunnelling under large
roots and areas of heavy root concentration.
c. Tunnelling is more expensive initially, but it usually causes less soil
disturbance and physiological impact on the toot system (Plate 3.38-7). The
extra cost may offset the potential cost of tree removal and replacement
should the tree die.
TRENCHING VS. TUNNELING
-'~:.:.:... ....
. ':', -..........,..
:.~./~:.?:.~:.......;: .
.:.::: :'; ~.:;; ~'" .
:.":/.:.: :..;',
".; .......
.:(.~r.:,<. .,'....
. .' .~..,.. 0'
":-:.:.~' . ,', :....::. " .
\. .:. "':'"
.' . ......
'.">.. :.. . .~:::~.. ......
DESTRUCTION OF FEEDER ROOTS
WILL PROBABLY KILL THE TREE
TUNNELING UNDER THE TREE WILL
PRESERVE IMPORTANT FEEDER ROOTS
Source: Tree Maintenance, Pirone, 1979.
Plate 3.38-7
III - 409
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3.38
Tunnelling is almost always preferred over the trenching method. The tunnel
should be 18 inches or greater below the ground surface and should not be
located under the center of the tree (an off-center tunnel has the least impact
on the roots).
d. Roots shall not be left exposed to the air. They shall be covered with soil as
soon as possible or protected and kept moistened with wet burlap or peat
moss until the trench or tunnel can be filled.
e. The ends of damaged and cut roots shall be cut off smoothly and protected
by painting promptly with a tree-wound dressing.
f. Trenches and tunnels shall be filled as soon as possible. Air spaces in the soil
shall be avoided by careful filling and tamping.
g. Peat moss or other suitable material shall be added to the fill material as an
aid to inducing and developing new root growth.
h. The tree shall be mulched and fertilized to conserve moisture, stimulate new
root growth, and enhance general tree vigor.
i. If a large amount of the root system has been damaged and killed, the crown
leaf surface shall be proportionately reduced to balance the reduced root
system. This may be accomplished by pruning 20 to 30 percent of the crown,
foliage. If roots are cut during the winter, pruning shall be accomplished
before the next growing season. If roots are cut during the growing season,
pruning shall be done immediately.
12.
Removal and Replacement of Dama~ed Trees: Should a tree intended and marked
to be retained be damaged seriously enough that survival and normal growth are not
possible, the tree shall be removed. If replacement is desirable and/or required, the
replacement tree shall be of the same or similar species, 2-inch to 2~-inch
(minimum) caliper balled and burlapped nursery stock. However, today, with the aid
of a "tree spade," the same caliper tree may be required as a replacement.
13.
Oean-Up: Clean-up after a construction project can be a critical time for tree
damage. Trees protected throughout the development operation are often destroyed
by carelessness during the final clean-up and landscaping. Fences and barriers shall
be removed last, after everything else is cleaned-up and carried away.
14.
Maintenance: In spite of precautions, some damage ~o protected trees may occur.
In such cases, the following maintenance guidelines should be followed:
a Soil Aeration - If the soil has become compacted over the root zone of any
tree, the ground shall be aerated by punching holes with an iron bar. The bar
shall be driven I-foot deep and then moved back and forth until the soil is
III - 410
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3.38
loosened. This procedure shall be repeated every 18 inches until all of the
compacted soil beneath the crown of the tree has been loosened.
b.
Repair of Damage
1) Any damage to the crown, trunk, or root system of any tree retained
on the site shall be repaired immediately.
2) Whenever major root or bark damage occurs, remove some foliage to
reduce the demand for water and nutrients.
3) Damaged roots shall immediately be cut off cleanly inside the exposed
or damaged area. Cut surfaces shall be painted with approved tree
paint, and moist peat moss, burlap, or top-soil shall be spread over the
exposed area.
4) To treat bark damage, carefully cut away all loosened bark back into
the undamaged area, taper the cut at the top and bottom, and provide
drainage at the base of the wound (Plate 3.38-8).
5) All tree limbs damaged during construction or removed for any other
reason shall be cut off above the collar at the preceding branch
junction (Plate 3.38-8).
6) Care for serious injuries shall be prescribed by a forester or a tree
specialist.
c.
Fertilization: Broadleaf trees that have been stressed or damaged shall
receive a heavy application of fertilizer to aid their recovery.
1) Trees shall be fertilized in the late fall (after October 1) or the early
spring (from the time frost is out of the ground until May 1). Fall
applications are preferred, as the nutrients will be made available over
a longer period of time.
2) Fertilizer shall be applied to the soil over the feeder roots (see Plate
3.38-9). In no case should it be applied closer than 3 feet to the trunk.
The root system of conifers extends some distance beyond the drip
line. Increase the area to be fertilized by one fourth the area of the
crown.
3) Fertilizer shall be applied using approved fertilization methods and
equipment.
III - 411
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I~ It
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INCORRECT
lREE WOUND
3.38
TREE
lRlt.I AND TAPER
TREATING BARK WOUNDS
PRUNING DAMAGED BRANCHES
CORRECT
CORRECT
Source: Public Facilities Manual, Vol. ill, Fairfax Co., Va., 1976.
Plate 3.38-8
4) Formulations and application rates shall conform to the guidelines
given in Table 3.38-A
Maintain a ground cover of organic mulch around trees that is adequate to
prevent erosion, protect roots, and hold water.
ill - 412
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TREE FERTILIZA TION
I DO NOT FEED -'REA AO.JACENT
DRIP lINE ~ ... TO TRUNK (.APPROX. 1/3 OF
D1At.lETER OF TOTAL ROOT
AREA) SINCE FEW FEEDER
_ _ _ ~ ROOTS -'RE IN THIS AREA.
~ ~S--:.~ ~_ C)-_~
/_........e>........ -- --0 00 -- -- CjI........ .-
/- '- c::> - _~ ,
/,!ooo'" = c:> .. = " " .....
... A/~ =..... = c:> c:::> ~,,~
i t ....c:::> c:::> c:::> ... c:::> ... )}
__ \c::> e c:::> c:::> <::> <::> ...... c:::> c:::>..... C> / .....
\. c:::> .. c:::> <::> c:::> /' ./ C> /
" c:::>", <::> c:::> ....... c:::> ./,/
" _ ~C> -6 ./
, c:::> ---Q... c:::> ~ _-- ./
a ~- -~-- ~ _/
..;:.-~ ~- - -::' - - -t ~o en:", CReLE
SUGHTlY BEYOND lHE
DRIP LINE OF THE TREE
HOLES SHOULD BE APPROXt.AATElY 18" DEEP
-'NO 2' !V>N'(f. AND THEY SHOULD SlANT
TOWARD THE TRUNK.
3.38
Source: Tree Maintenance, Pirone, 1979.
Plate 3.38-9
ill - 413
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RECOMMENDED PLANTING LIST
Recommended Uses
Minimum Light
Requirements
S = Full Shade
Minimum Moisture
Requirements
L = Low Moisture
W = Wildlife
H = Horticulture and
Landscaping
C = Conservation and
Restoration
8/3/2006
P = Partial Sun
M = Moderate Moisture
F = Full Sun
H = High Moisture
D = Domestic Livestock
Forage
Native Trees
Common
Scientific Name Name Uses Light Moisture
W H C D S P F L M H
Small trees
Amelanchier downy
arborea serviceberry x x x x x x
Amelanchier Canada
canadensis serviceberry x x x x x x
Asimina triloba paw paw x x x x x x
Cercis redbud
canadensis (Eastern) x x x x x
Chionanthus
viroinicus frinQetree x x x x
Comus alternate-leaf
altemifolia dogwood x x x x x x x
Comus
amomum silkv dOQwood x x x x x x
flowering
Comus Rorida dOQwood x x x x x x x
Crateagus crus- cockspur
,oalli hawthorne x x x x x x x
Crateaaus Rava October haw x x x x x
~ Wickham Pond Phase II
, WEATHER HILL DEVELOPMENT, LLC
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Euonymous
atropufIJureus wahoo x x x x x
/lex opaca American holly x x x x x
Magnolia sweetbay
virginiana maonolia x x x x x x
Morus rubra red mulberry x x x x x x
Ostrya Eastern hop-
vir.oiniana hornbeam x x x x
Prunus American wild
americana olum x x x x
Rhus alabra smooth sumac x x x x x x
Rhus hirta (R. staghorn
typhina) sumac x x x x x
Salix niara black willow x x x x x
Medium to Laroe Trees
Acer rubrum red maple x x x x x
Acer saccharum suoar maple x x x x x
Aesculus flava
(A. octandra) vellow buckeye x x x
sweet birch,
Betula lenta black birch x x x x x x
Betula niara river birch x x x x x x
Carya alba ( C. mockernut
tomentosa) , hickory x x x x x
Carva ,alabra pionut hickory x x x x x x
shagbark
Carva ovata hickory x x x x
Diospyros
virainiana persimmon x x x x x x x x
Fagus American
.Qrandifolia beech x x x x x x
Fraxinus
americana white ash x x x x x
Fraxinus
pensylvanica oreen ash x x x x x x
Ju.alans niara black walnut x x x x x
Juniperus red cedar
vir.oiniana (Eastern ) x x x x x x
Liquidambar
styraciflua sweetoum x x x x x x x
~ Wickham Pond Phase II
, WEA THER HILL DEVELOPMENT, LLC
8/3/2006
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Liriodendron tulip-tree, tulip
tulipifera poplar x x x x x
Nyssa svlvatica black qum x x x x x x
Oxydendrum
arboreum sourwood x x x
Pinus echinata shortleaf pine x x x x
Pinus strobus white pine x x x x x
Pinus taeda loblolly pine x x x x x x
Pinus virQiniana Virqinia pine x x x
Platanus
occidentalis svcamore x x x x x
wild black
Prunus serotina cherrv x x x x x
Quercus alba white oak x x x x x x
swamp white
Quercus bicolor oak x x x x x
Quercus
coccinea scarlet oak x x x x x
Southern red
Quercus falcata oak x x x x x x x
Quercus
ilicifolia bear oak x x x x
Quercus swamp
michauxii chestnut oak x x x x x
Quercus
montana ( Q.
prinus) chestnut oak x x x x x
Quercus
palustris pin oak x x x x x x x
Quercus phellos willow oak x x x x x x x
Northern red
Quercus rubra oak x x x x x x x
Quercus stellata post oak x x x x x
Quercus
velutina black oak x x x x x
Robinia
pseudoacacia black locust x x x x
Sassafras
albidum sassafras x x x x x
American
Tilia americana basswood x x x
Tsuga Eastern
canadensis hemlock x x x x x x
~ Wickham Pond Phase II
, WEA THER HILL DEVELOPMENT, LLC
8/3/2006
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+ Ma be a ressive in arden settin .
* Due to the rarity and sensitivity of habitat in Virginia, these species
are recommended for horticultural use only. Planting these species in
natural areas could be detrimental to the survival of native 0 ulations.
~ Wickham Pond Phase II
, WEA THER HILL DEVELOPMENT, LLC
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Native Shrubs
Scientific Name Common Name Uses Light Moisture
W H C D S P F L M H
Shrubs
Alnus serrulata common alder x x x x x x x
Aronia arbutifolia red chokeberry x x x x x x
Aronia
melanocarpa black chokeberry x x x x x x x
Allegheny
Castanea pumila chinkaoin x x x x x x x
Ceanothus
americanus New Jersey tea x x x x x x
Cephalanthus
occidentalis button bush x x x x x
Comus amomum silkv doowood x x x x x x
Crataegus crus- cocks pur
,Qal/i hawthorn x x x x x x x
Gaultheria
procumbens winterQreen x x x x x x
Gaylussacia
baccata black huckleberrv x x x x x x x
Gaylussacia
frondosa danoleberry x x x x x x x
Hamamelis
virainiana witch hazel x x x x x x
Hydrangea
arborescens wild hydranQea x x x x
deciduous holly,
/lex decidua oossumhaw x x x x x x
/lex verticil/ata winterberrv x x x x x x x
Kalmia latifolia mountain laurel x x x x x x
Leucothoe fetterbush,
racemosa sweetbells x x x x x
Lindera benzoin spicebush x x x x x
Rhododendron Catawba
catawbiense rhododendron x x x x x
Rhododendron great
maximum rhododendron, x x x x x x x
~ Wickham Pond Phase II
, WEATHER HILL DEVELOPMENT, LLC
8/3/2006
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rose bay
Rhododendron
peric/ymenoides Dinxter flower x x x x x x
Rhododendron
viscosum (R.
serrulata) swamp azalea x x x x x x
Rhus aromatica fragrant sumac x x x x
winged sumac,
Rhus copallinum f1ameleaf sumac x x x x x x
Rosa carolina pasture rose x x x x x x
Rubus Alleghany
alle,Qheniensis blackberry x x x x x
Sa/ix humilis prairie willow x x x x
Salix sericea silky willow x x x x x
Sambucus common
canadensis elderberry x x x x x x
Vaccinium
corymbosum ( 1I. highbush
virgata, formosa) blueberry x x x x x x x x x
Viburnum Southern arrow-
dentatum wood viburnum x x x x x x x
possum-haw
Viburnum nudum viburnum x x x x x
Viburnum black-haw
prunifo/ium viburnum x x x x x x
+ Mav be aQQressive in Qarden settinQ.
* Due to the rarity and sensitivity of habitat in Virginia, these species are
recommended for horticultural use only. Planting these species in natural
areas could be detrimental to the survival of native populations.
';; Wickham Pond Phase II
r WEA THER HILL DEVELOPMENT, LLC
8/3/2006
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Native Herbs
Scientific Name Common Name Uses Licht Moisture
W H C D S P F L M H
Herbs
Aster eordifolius heart-leaved aster x x x x x
Aster divarieatus white wood aster x x x x x x x
Aster oilosus white heath aster x x x x x
Aster umbel/atus flat-top white aster x x x x x x
Baotisia australi$" blue wild indiao x x x x x
Baotisia tinetoria vellow wild-indiao x x x x x
nodding beggar-
Bidens eernua+ ticks x x x x x x x x
Chamaeerista
fascieulata+ partridoe pea x x x x
Chelone alabra white turtlehead x x x x x
Chrysogonum
vir.Qinianum Qreen and aold x x x x
Chrysopsis mariana Maryland golden
(Heterotheea m.) aster x x x x x x
Cimieifuga
raeemosa black cohosh x x x x
Maryland butterfly
Clitoria mariana pea x x x x x
Coreoosis trioteris tall coreopsis x x x x x
Coreopsis
verticil/ata threadleaf coreopsis x x x x x
Delphinium trieorne dwarf larkspur x x x x
Desmodium narrow-leaf tick
oanieulatum trefoil x x x x
Dutchman's
Dieentra eueul/aria breeches x x x
Dicentra eximia wild bleedino heart x x x x
Dodeeatheon
meadia shootino star x x x x
horsetail, scouring
EQuisetum hyemale rush x x x x x x
Eupatorium
eoelestinum mistflower x x x x x x ,x
Eupatorium
fistulosum Joe pye weed x x x x x x
~ Wickham Pond Phase 1/
, WEATHER HILL DEVELOPMENT, LLC
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Eupatorium
perfoliatum common boneset x x x x x
Geranium
maculatum wild aeranium x x x x x
Helenium autumnale sneezeweed x x x x x x
Helianthus narrow-leaf
an.austitolius sunflower x x x x x x x
Helianthus ten-petaled
decapetalus sunflower x x x x x x
Helianthus
divaricatus woodland sunflower x x x x x
Heliopsis
helianthoides oxeye sunflower x x x x x x x
round-lobed
Hepatica americana hepatica x x x x
Heuchera
americana alumroot x x x
Hibiscus
moscheutos Eastern rosemallow x x x x x
Iris cristata dwarf crested iris x x x x
Iris virainica Virainia blue flaa x x x x x
round-head bush
Lespedeza caDitata clover x x x x
grass-leaf blazing
Liatris araminitolia star x x x x x x x
Liatris sauarrosa plains blazina star x x x x x x
Lilium C8nadense Canada IiIv x x x x x
Lilium superbum Turk's cap lily x x x x x
Lobelia cardinalis cardinal flower x x x x x x
Lobelia siphilitica areat blue lobelia x x x x x x
lupine, sundial
Lupinus Derennis lupine x x x x
Maianthemum
racemosa false Solomon's
( Smilacina r.) seal x x x x x
Mertensia virainica Virginia bluebells x x x x x x
Mimulus rinoens monkeyflower x x x x
Monarda fistulosa wild beraamot x x x x x x x
Nvmphaea odorata American water lily x x x x x
Denothera truticosa sundrops x x x x x x
Dpuntia humitusa
(0. compressa) Eastern pricklv-pear x x x x x
Peltandra virainica arrow arum x x x x x x
~ Wickham Pond Phase II
, WEATHER HILL DEVELOPMENT, LLC
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Penstemon smooth
laeviQatus beardtonQue x x x x x
woodland phlox,
Phlox divaricata wild blue phlox x x x x x
summer phlox,
Phlox paniculata Qarden phlox x x x x x
Phlox subulata moss ohlox x x x x
Physostegia
virQiniana obedient plant x x x x x
Podophyllum
oeltatum+ mavaoole x x x x x x
Polemonium reptans Jacob's ladder x x x x
Polygonatum
biflorum Solomon's seal x x x x x
Pontederia cordata pickerel weed x x x x x
Porteranthus
trifoliatus( Gillenia t.) bowman's root x x x x
Pycnanthemum
incanum hoary mountain mint x x x x
Pycnanthemum narrow-leaved
tenuifolium mountain mint x x x x x x x
Virginia meadow-
Rhexia virQinica beauty x x x x
Rudbeckia fulQida earlv coneflower x x x x x x
Rudbeckia hirta black eyed Susan x x x x x x
cut-leaved
Rudbeckia laciniata coneflower x x x x x x
three-lobed
Rudbeckia triloba coneflower x x x x x x
broad leaf
Sagittaria latifolia arrowhead x x x x x
Salvia Iyrata+- Ivre-Ieaf saqe x x x x
Sanguinaria
canadensis bloodroot x x x
Saururus cernuus lizard's tail x x x x x
Saxifraga
virQiniensis earlv saxifrage x x x x x x
Sedum tematum wild stonecroo x x x x
Senecio aureus+ Qolden ragwort x x x x x x
Senna marilandica Maryland wild
( Cassia m.) senna x x x x x
Silene vir..Qinica fire pink x x x x x
~ Wickham Pond Phase II
, WEA THER HILL DEVELOPMENT, LLC
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Silphium fJerfoliatum cup plant x x x x x x
Solida,Qo caesia bluestem aoldenrod x x x x x x
Solida,Qo odora sweet Qoldenrod x x x x x x
pineywoods
Solida.Qo pinetorum+ Qoldenrod x x x x x
Solida.Qo fJuberula downv aoldenrod x x x x x
rough-stemmed
Solidaoo rUQosa+ Qoldenrod x x x x x
Solidago
semfJervirens seaside Qoldenrod x x x x x x
Thalictrum dioicum early meadowrue x x x
Tiarella cordifolia clumping
var. collina foamflower x x x
Tiarella cordifolia spreading
var. cordifolia foamflower x x x
Tradescantia
vir.qiniana VirQinia spiderwort x x x x x x
Trillium erectum wakerobin x x x
Trillium ,Qrandif/orum white trillium x x x
Verbena hastata blue vervain x x x x x x
Vernonia
noveboracensis New York ironweed x x x x x x
Viola cucullata marsh blue violet x x x x x x
Viola fJedata bird's foot violet x x x x x
Viola pubescens ( v:
fJennsvlvanica) yellow violet x x x x x x
Yucca filamentosa common yucca x x x x
+ May be aQQressive in Qarden settinQ.
* Due to the rarity and sensitivity of habitat in Virginia, these species are
recommended for horticultural use only. Planting these species in natural areas
could be detrimental to the survival of native populations.
~ Wickham Pond Phase II
, WEATHER HILL DEVELOPMENT, LLC
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Native Grassland Plants
Scientific Name Common Name Uses Light Moisture
W H C D S P F L M H
Forbs
Acorus americanus sweet flag x x x x x
Antennaria ne.o/ecta field Dussytoes x x x x x x
Asclepias incarnata swamD milkweed x x x x x x
Ascleoias syriaca+ common milkweed x x x x x
Ascleoias tuberosa butterflv weed x x x x x
Aster oi/osus white heath aster x x x x x
Aster umbel/atus flat-top white aster x x x x x x
Baptisia tinctoria yellow wild-indigo x x x x x
Chamaecrista
fascicu/ata+ partridge pea x x x x
Chrysogonum
viminianum qreen and qold x x x x
Maryland golden
Chrvsoosis mariana aster x x x x x x
Maryland butterfly
C/itoria mariana pea x x x x x
Coreopsis tripteris tall coreopsis x x x x x
Coreopsis verticil/ata threadleaf coreopsis x x x x x
Desmodium narrow-leaf tick
panicu/atum trefoil x x x x
Eupatorium
coe/estinum mistflower x x x x x x x
Eupatorium
fistu/osum Joe Pve weed x x x x x x
Eupatorium
perfoliatum common boneset x x x x x
He/enium autumna/e sneezeweed x x x x x x
He/ianthus narrow-leaf
an.oustifolius sunflower x x x x x x x
He/ianthus
divaricatus woodland sunflower x x x x x
He/iopsis
he/ianthoides oxeye sunflower x x x x x x x
ris virainica Virainia blue flaq x x x x x
round-head bush
Lespedeza capitata clover x x x x
";; Wickham Pond Phase II
,- WEA THER HILL DEVELOPMENT, LLC
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grass-leaf blazing
Liatris ,oraminifolia star x x x x x x x
Liatris souarrosa plains blazing star x x x x x x
Lilium C8nadense Canada lily x x x x x
Lilium sUfJerbum Turk's cap lily x x x x x
Lobelia cardinalis cardinal flower x x x x x x
Lobelia sifJhilitica areat blue lobelia x x x x x x
LUfJinus fJerennis lupine, sundial lupine x x x x
Mimulus rin,oens monkeyflower x x x x
Monarda fistulosa wild beraamot x x x x x x x
Oenothera fruticosa sundrops x x x x x x
Oountia humifusa Eastern prickly-pear x x x x x
Penstemon
laevioatus smooth beardtonaue x x x x x
Physostegia
viroiniana obedient plant x x x x x
Pycnanthemum
incanum hoary mountain mint x x x x
Pycnanthemum narrow-Ivd mountain
8nuifolium mint x x x x x x x
Virginia meadow-
Rhexia virainica beauty x x x x
Rudbeckia fulgida earlv coneflower x x x x x x
Rudbeckia hirta black eyed Susan x x x x x x
cut-leaved
Rudbeckia laciniata coneflower x x x x x x
three-lobed
Rudbeckia triloba coneflower x x x x x x
Sa.oit/aria latifo/ia broadleaf arrowhead x x x x x
Salvia Ivrata+ Ivre-Ieaf sage x x x x
Saururus cernuus lizard's tail x x x x x
Senecio aureus+ aolden ragwort x x x x x x
Senna marilandica Marvland wild senna x x x x x
SilfJhium oerfoliatum cup plant x x x x x x
Solidaao caesia bluestem goldenrod x x x x x x
rough-stemmed
Solidaao ru..oosa+ aoldenrod x x x x x
Solidago
sempervirens seaside goldenrod x x x x x x
radescantia
viroiniana Virainia spiderwort x x x x x x
Viola pedata bird's foot violet x x x x x
~ Wickham Pond Phase II
, WEATHER HILL DEVELOPMENT, LLC
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Yucca filamentosa common yucca x I x I I I I I x I x I I
Ferns
Onoclea sensibilis+ sensitive fern x x x x x x
Osmund a
cinnamomea cinnamon fern x x x x x x
Grasses, sedges,
rushes
Aarostis perennans autumn bentQrass x x x x x x x
Androoogon ,aerardii biQ bluestem x x x x x x x x
Andropogon
.olomeratus bushv bluestem x x x x x x
Andropogon
virainicus broomsedQe x x x x x x x
Carex crinita var.
crinita 10nQ hair sedQe x x x x x x x
Carex lurida sallow sedQe x x x x x x
Carex stricta tussock sedQe x x x x x x
Danthonia sericea silky oatarass x x x x x x
Danthonia spicata poverty oatcrass x x x x x x x
Dichanthelium
c1andestinum deer-tonaue x x x x x x x x
Dulichium
arundinaceum dwarf bamboo x x x x x x
Elvmus hvstrix bottlebrush crass x x x x x x x
Juncus canadensis Canada rush x x x x x x
Juncus effusus soft rush x x x x x x
Leersia orvzoides rice cutQrass x x x x x x
Panicum viraatum switch Qrass x x x x x x x x
Saccharum
,oioanteum Qiant plumeQrass x x x x x x x
Schizachyrium
scoparium little bluestem x x x x x x x x
Scirpus cyperinus woolqrass bulrush x x x x x x x
Sorahastrum nutans Indian Qrass x x x x x x x x
Tridens flavus redtop x x x x x x x x
Tripsacum
dactvloides Qama crass x x x x x x x x
Shrubs
~onia arbutifolia red chokeberry x x x x x x
Aronia melanocaroa black chokeberry x x x x x x x
Ceanothus New Jersey tea x x x x x x
~ Wickham Pond Phase II
, WEA THER HILL DEVELOPMENT, LLC
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americanus
I Comus amomum silkv doawood X X X X X X
Rhododendron Catawba
catawbiense rhododendron X X X X X
I Rhododendron
viscosum swamp azalea x x x x x x
I Rubus
a//e,Qheniensis Alleahany blackberry x x x x x
Salix humilis prairie willow x x x x
I Salix sericea si1kv willow x x x x x
Sambucus
canadensis common elderberry x x x x x x
I Small trees
Amelanchier arborea downy serviceberry x x x x x x
I Amelanchier
canadensis Canada serviceberry x x x x x x
Cercis canadensis redbud (Eastern) x x x x x
I Chionanthus
virainicus frinoetree x x x x
I RhusQlabra smooth sumac x x x x x x
Rhus hirta staahorn sumac x x x x x
Medium & Large
I Trees
Diospyros virainiana persimmon x x x x x x x x
I Liquidambar
styraciflua+ sweetaum x x x x x x x
Nyssa sylvatica black aum x x x x x x
I Prunus serotina+ wild black cherry x x x x x
Quercus coccinea scarlet oak x x x x x
I Quercus falcata Southern red oak x x x x x x x
Quercus ilicifolia bear oak x x x x
Quercus montana chestnut oak x x x x x
I Quercus ste//ata post oak x x x x x
Quercus velutina black oak x x x x x
Robinia
I IJseudoacacia black locust x x x x
Sassafras albidum sassafras x x x x x
I + May be aooressive in aarden settina.
I
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~ Wickham Pond Phase II
, WEA THER HILL DEVELOPMENT, LLC
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Native Ferns, Grasses and Vines
Scientific Name Common Name Uses Light Moisture
W H C D S P F L M H
Ferns and Fern Allies
Adiantum pedatum maidenhair fern x x x x
Asplenium
platyneuron ebonv spleenwort x x x x
Athyrium
asplenioides (A. filix-
femina) Southern ladyfern x x x x x
Botrychium
virainianum Rattlesnake fern x x x x x
Dennstaedtia
punctilobula+ hay-scented fern x x x x x
DrvolJteris intermedia evergreen wood-fern x x x x x x x
DrvolJteris mar.oinalis marginal shield-fern x x x x x
Onoclea sensibilis+ sensitive fern x x x x x x
Osmund a
cinnamomea cinnamon fern x x x x x x
Osmunda re_oalis royal fern x x x x x
Polystichium
acrostichoides Christmas fern x x x x
ThelvlJteris palustris marsh fern x x x x x
Woodwardia
virainica+ Virginia chain fern x x x x x x x
Grasses, sedges, and reeds
Aorostis IJerennans autumn bentarass x x x x x x x
AndrolJo_oon _oerardii big bluestem x x x x x x x x
Andropogon
.olomeratus bushy bluestem x x x x x x
Andropogon
virainicus broomsedae x x x x x x x
Arundinaria gigantea wild cane, river cane x x x x x x x x
Carex crinita var.
crinita long hair sedge x x x x x x x
Carex lurida sallow sedae x x x x x x
Carex IJensylvanica Pennsylvania sedae x x x x x x x
plantain-leaved
Carex IJlanta,ainea sedae x x x x
Carex stricta tussock sedae x x x x x x
~ Wickham Pond Phase II
, WEA THER HILL DEVELOPMENT, LLC
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Chasmanthium river oats,
latifolium (Uniola l) soanalearass x x x x x x
Danthonia sericea silkv oatarass x x x x x x
Danthonia soicata oovertv oatarass x x x x x x x
Dichanthelium
c/andestinum deer-tongue x x x x x x x x
Dichanthelium
commutatum variable panicQrass x x x x x x x x
Dulichium
arundinaceum dwarf bamboo x x x x x x
Elymus hystrix
( Hvstrix patula) bottlebrush arass x x x x x x x
Elvmus virainicus Virainia wild rye x x x x x x
Juncus canadensis Canada rush x x x x x x
Juncus etfusus soft rush x x x x x x
Leersia oryzoides rice cutgrass x x x x x x
Panicum viraatum switch grass x x x x x x x x
Saccharum
giganteum (Erianthus
,aiaanteus) aiant plumearass x x x x x x x
Schizachyrium
scoparium little bluestem x x x x x x x x
Scirpus cyperinus woolarass bulrush x x x x x x x
Sorahastrum nutans Indian Qrass x x x x x x x x
Sparganium
americanum American bur-reed x x x x x
Tridens f1avus redtoo x x x x x x x x
Tripsacum
dactvloides aama grass x x x x x x x x
Tvoha latifolia broad-leaved cattail x x x x x
Vines
Bianonia capreolata crossvine x x x x x x
Celastrus scandens climbing bittersweet x x x x x x
Clematis virainiana virgin's bower x x x x
Gelsemium
semoervirens Carolina iessamine x x x x x x x x
Lonicera
sempervirens trumoet honevsuckle x x x x
Parthenocissus
quinquefolia Virainia creeoer x x x x x X
+ Mav be aggressive in aarden setting.
~ Wickham Pond Phase II
, WEA THER HILL DEVELOPMENT. LLC
69
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* Due to the rarity and sensitivity of habitat in Virginia, these species are recommended
for horticultural use only. Planting these species in natural areas could be detrimental to
the survival of native populations.
~ Wickham Pond Phase II
, WEA THER HILL DEVELOPMENT, LLC
70
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Recommended Uses Native Regions
Minimum Light
Requirements
Riparian Vegetation Zones
W = Wildlife
M = Mountains
S = Full Shade
1 = Emergent
H = Horticulture and P = Piedmont
Landscaping
C = Conservation and C = Coastal
Restoration Plain
D = Domestic
Livestock
Forage
P = Partial Sun
2 = Riverside Thicket
F = Full Sun
3 = Saturated Thicket
4 = Well-drained Forest
Native Riparian Plants
Common
Scientific Name Name Uses Lio ht Zone
W H C D S P F 1 2 3 4
Herbaceous plants
Acorus americanus
(A. calamus) sweet flao x x x x x
Amsonia
tabernaemontana blue star x x x x x
Jack-in-the-
Arisaema triDhv//um pulpit x x x x
Asarum canadense+ wild ginoer x x x x
swamp
Asc/eDias incarnata milkweed x x x x x x x
flat-top white
Aster umbe//atus aster x x x x x
nodding
Bidens cernua+ beQQar-ticks x x x x x x x
Chamaecrista
fascicu/ata+ partridQe pea x x x
white
Che/one ,olabra turtlehead x x x x x x
Chrysogonum green and
viroinianum gold x x x x
Coreopsis tripteris tall coreopsis x x x x x x x
dwarf
Delphinium tricorne larkspur x x x x
~ Wickham Pond Phase II
, WEA THER HILL DEVELOPMENT, LLC
71
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Dutchman's
Dicentra cucullaria breeches x x x
horsetail ,
EQuisetum hvema/e scouring rush x x x x x x x
Eupatorium
coe/estinum mistflower x x x x x x x x
Eupatorium Joe Pye
fistu/osum weed x x x x x x x x
Eupatorium common
perfo/iatum boneset x x x x x x
He/enium autumnale sneezeweed x x x x x x x x
He/ianthus ten-petaled
decaoeta/us sunflower x x x x x x x
He/iopsis oxeye
helianthoides sunflower x x x x x x x
Hibiscus Eastern
moscheutos rosemallow x x x x x x
Virginia blue
Iris virainica flaQ x x x x x x
Li/ium suoerbum Turk's cap lily x x x x x
cardinal
Lobe/ia cardinalis flower x x x x x x x x
great blue
Lobe/ia siphilitica lobelia x x x x x x x
false
Maianthemum Solomon's
racemosa seal x x x x x x
Virginia
Mertensia virainica bluebells x x x x x x
Mimu/us rin.Qens monkeyflower x x x x x x
American
Nymphaea odorata water lily x x x x x
Genothera fruticosa sundrops x x x x x x x x
Pe/tandra virainica arrow arum x x x x x x x
woodland
Phlox divaricata phlox x x x x x
summer
Ph/ox paniculata phlox x x x x x x
Podophyllum
pe/tatum+ mayapple x x x x x x
Jacob's
Polemonium reptans ladder x x x x
Pontederia cordata pickerel weed x x x x x
Rhexia virainica Virainia x x x x
~ Wickham Pond Phase II
r WEATHER HILL DEVELOPMENT. LLC
8/3/2006
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meadow-
beauty
cut-leaved
Rudbeckia laciniata coneflower x x x x x x x x
broad leaf
Sa,Qittaria latifolia arrowhead x x x x x x
Saururus cernuus lizard's tail x x x x x x
golden
Senecio aureus+ raowort x x x x x x x
rough-
stemmed
Solidaao ruaosa+ aoldenrod x x x x x x x
Verbena hastata blue vervain x x x x x x
Vernonia New York
noveboracensis ironweed x x x x x x x x
marsh blue
Viola cucu//ata violet x x x x x x
Viola Dubescens vellow violet x x x x x x
Zephranthes
atamasco Atamasco lilv x x x x x x x
Ferns and fern allies
Athyrium Southern
asplenioides ladvfern x x x x x
Botrychium Rattlesnake
vir.Qinianum fern x x x x
Onoclea sensibilis+ sensitive fern x x x x x x
Osmund a cinnamon
cinnamomea fern x x x x x x
Osmund a re_aalis roval fern x x x x x
Po/ystichium Christmas
acrostichoides fern x x x x
Thelvpteris palustris marsh fern x x x x x x
Woodwardia Virginia chain
virainica+ fern x x x x x x x
Grasses, sedges,
reeds
autumn
Aorostis perennans bentcrass x x x x x x x x
Andropogon ,aerardii bia bluestem x x x x x x x x
Andropogon bushy
,alomeratus bluestem x x x x x
Carex crinita var. long hair
crinita sedae x x x x x x x x
~ Wickham Pond Phase II
, WEATHER HILL DEVELOPMENT, LLC
8/3/2006
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Carex lurida sallow sedae x x x x x x x
tussock
Carex stricta sedge x x x x x x x
Chasmanthium river oats,
/atifo/ium spanolegrass x x X x x x x x
Dichanthe/ium
clandestinum deer-tongue x x x x x x x x ~
Dichanthe/ium variable
commutatum panicorass x x x x x x x
Dulichium dwarf
arundinaceum bamboo x x x x x x x x
E/ymus hystrix bottle brush
(Hvstrix patu/a) orass x x x x x x
Virginia wild
E/ymus virainicus rye x x x x x x x
Juncus canadensis Canada rush x x x x x x x
Juncus effusus soft rush x x x x x x x
Leersia orvzoides rice cutgrass x x x x x x x
Panicum viraatum switch grass x x x x x x x x
Saccharum giant
,aiaanteum plumeorass x x x x x x x x
woolgrass
Scirpus cvoerinus bulrush x x x x x x x x
Sparganium American
americanum bur-reed x x x x x
Tripsacum
dactv/oides oama grass x x x x x x x x x x
broad-leaved
Tvoha latifo/ia cattail x x x x
Vines
Bi.anonia capreo/ata crossvine x x x x x x x
climbing
Ce/astrus scandens bittersweet x x x x x x
Clematis virainiana virgin's bower x x x x x x x
Parthenocissus Virginia
quinauefolia creeoer x x x x x x x x
Shrubs
common
Alnus serru/ata alder x x x x x x x x x
red
Aronia arbutifo/ia chokeberry x x x x x x x
black
Aronia me/anocaroa chokeberry x x x x x x x
~ Wickham Pond Phase II
, WEATHER HILL DEVELOPMENT, LLC
8/3/2006
74
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Cephalanthus
occidentalis button bush x x x x x x
silky
Cornusamomum doawood x x x x x x
Hydrangea wild
arborescens hvdranaea x x x x
/lex decidua possum haw x x x x x x x x
/lex verticil/ata winterberry x x x x x x x x
fetterbush,
Leucothoe racemosa sweetbells x x x x x x
Lindera benzoin spicebush x x x x x x
Rhododendron swamp
viscosum azalea x x x x x x
Rubus Alleghany
a//e.Qheniensis blackberry x x x x x x x
Sa/ix sericea silkv willow x x x x x x
Sambucus common
canadensis elderberry x x x x x x x
Vaccinium highbush
corvmbosum blueberry x x x x x x x x x
So. arrow-
wood
Viburnum dentatum viburnum x x x x x
Viburnum black-haw
prunifo/ium viburnum x x x x x
Small trees
downy
Ame/anchier arborea serviceberry x x x x x x
Amelanchier Canada
canadensis serviceberry x x x x x x x
Asimina tri/oba paw paw x x x x x x x
alternate-leaf
Cornus a/ternifo/ia doawood x x x x x x
CrateaQus flava October haw x x x x x
Morus rubra red mulberry x x x x x x x
Eastern hop-
Ostrya viroiniana hornbeam x x x x
smooth
Rhus o/abra sumac x x x x x x
Salix niora black willow x x x x x x
Medium to Large
Trees
Acer rubrum red maple x x x x x x x
~ Wickham Pond Phase II
, WEATHER HILL DEVELOPMENT, LLC
8/3/2006
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sweet birch,
Betula lenta black birch x x x x x x x
Betula niora river birch x x x x x x
Diosovros viroiniana persimmon x x x x x x x x x
Fraxinus americana white ash x x x x x x x
Fraxinus
oensvlvanica oreen ash x x x x x x x
Ju,o/ans niora black walnut x x x x x x x
Liquidambar
stvraciflua sweetoum x x x x x x x x
Liriodendron tulip-tree,
tulipifera tulip poplar x x x x x x
Nvssa svlvatica black gum x x x x x x x x
Oxydendrum
arboreum sourwood x x x x
Pinus taeda loblolly pine x x x x x x x
Platanus occidentalis sycamore x x x x x x
swamp white
Quercus bicolor oak x x x x x x
swamp
Quercus michauxii chestnut oak x x x x x x x
Quercus oalustris pin oak x x x x x x' x
Quercus ohellos willow oak x x x x x x x x
+Mav be aooressive in oarden settino.
*Due to the rarity and sensitivity of habitat in Virginia, these species are
recommended for horticultural use only.
Planting these species in natural areas could be detrimental to the survival
of native populations.
~ Wickham Pond Phase II
, WEATHER HILL DEVELOPMENT, LLC
76