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SP202100001 Energy Safety Guide Special Use Permit 2020-09-11
kl IIlit-if I►ll •' II II �� II d Powin Product Safety Gu a - o Architecture and Methods'j! �I�` Powin Product Safety Guide: Architecture and Methods Powin Energy Company Powin Energy has pioneered a cost-effective, safe and scalable battery energy storage system (BESS) that is purpose-built for the demands of utility scale, commercial and industrial, and microgrid applications. Our BESS also features a modular architecture and streamlined installation process. Behind our industry -leading products is an unrivaled team of experts from across the energy industry, almost three decades of supply chain management expertise and extensive battery management software development proficiency. For more information see: oowinenergy.com Contact Information For any questions regarding the safe use and maintenance of this product, please contact Customer Support: Powin Energy 20550 Southwest 115th Avenue Tualatin, OR 97062 1+ 503.598.6659 1+ 855.888.3659 contactOpowin.com Mc Copyright Information Notice of Proprietary Rights This document and its contents are confidential and are protected by trade secret, patent, copyright, and other applicable laws. It is to be used only by authorized personnel and owners of the Powin Enclosures. Unauthorized use is illegal. Other than Powin Energy personnel, this document may not be reproduced or transmitted in whole or in part, in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior written consent of Powin Energy. 3 September 2020 Powin Product Safety Guide: Architecture and Methods Table of Contents 1.0 Purpose....................................................................................................................1 2.0 Building in Safety at Every Level................................................................................1 3.0 Cell -Level Safety...................................................................................................... 2 3.1 Lithium -Ion Battery Chemistry........................................................................................2 3.2 Cell Level Monitoring.......................................................................................................3 3.3 Cell Certifications.............................................................................................................3 4.0 Modules and Battery Pack Safety............................................................................. 4 4.1 Powin Modules and Battery Pack Design......................................................................4 4.2 Battery Pack Controller - Fans, Enforcing Setpoints, Active Balancing...................5 5.0 Stack Safety........................................................................................... 5.1 String Controller........................................................................................... 5.2 Active Balancing.......................................................................................... 5.3 Hardware Safety Design............................................................................. 5.4 Manual Disconnect Switch......................................................................... 5.5 StackOS: Software Safety Design............................................................ 5.5.1 E-STOP....................................................................................................... 5.5.2 Battery Safety............................................................................................ 5.5.3 Config Commands.................................................................................... 5.6 StackOS+..................................................................................................... 5.7 Stack Certifications..................................................................................... 6.0 Powin Enclosure Safety............................................................... 6.1 Reliable Cooling............................................................................ 6.2 Gas Detection and NFPA69 Compliant Explosion Prevention 6.3 Fire Detection and Suppression ................................................. 6.4 Standpipes for Flooding............................................................... 6.5 Powin Enclosure Certifications................................................... 7.0 Owner -Provided Indoor Enclosure or Building -Based Systems...... .9 9 9 11 8.0 Near -Term Developments........................................................................................13 8.1 First Responder HMI......................................................................................................13 9.0 Regulatory Certifications.........................................................................................13 10.0 Warning, Caution, and Important Notice Descriptions...............................................14 11.0 Definitions..............................................................................................................15 12.0 References.............................................................................................................16 13.0 Revision History......................................................................................................16 Appendix 1: Test Report..................................................................................................17 Powin Energy i Powin Product Safety Guide: Architecture and Methods List of Tables Table 1 Lithium Ion Battery Chemistry Comparisons......... Table 2 Typical Powin Stack Cell: 280 Ah LiFePO4............. Table 3 Regulatory Symbol Definitions ................................ Table 4 Electrical Symbol Definitions ................................... Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 List of Figures ................................3 ................................3 ..............................13 ..............................16 Calorimetry of Lithium -Ion Cells ..................................................... A Typical Powin Module is an 8S1P Design ................................... Computational Fluid Dynamics Module Simulation Results....... StackOS - A Layered Approach to Battery Safety ........................ StackVentilation................................................................................ Powin Enclosures............................................................................... Safety Features in a Typical 40-Foot Powin Enclosure ............... Fire Suppression System.................................................................. Stack225 Test Report (Page 1 only) ................................................. H Powin Product Safety Guide: Architecture and Methods 1.0 This guide provides an overview of the safety measures taken by Powin to ensure the safety of Powin products. This guide is intended for use by Powin customers and regulatory personnel. 2.0 Building in Safety at Every Level Powin believes that safety is achieved through careful design, simulation, and comprehensive testing at every level. Powin's design approach is iterative where requirements result in a design that is followed by simulations and prototyping until all the design criteria are met. The criteria/features described in this document include the following: • Cell Level Safety (See Section 3.0.) - Safest chemistry in the industry - Partner with top -tier cell manufacturers known for quality, reliability, and innovation in safety - Detailed cell level monitoring (alarms, safety features etc.) - Certifications • Module/Battery Pack Safety (See Section 4.0.) - Cooling scheme - CFD analysis - Battery Pack Controller - fans, enforcing setpoints - Active Balancing -design to minimize variations in cell properties overtime. • Stack Safety (See Section 5.0.) - String Controller - Active balance: run test using balancing circuits to identify loose connection and potential fire hazards overtime. This process is unique to Powin products. - Certifications • Powin Enclosure Safety (See Section 6.0.) - Reliable Cooling: Dual Redundant HVAC - Gas Detection & Active Ventilation - Fire Detection & Suppression - Potter Fire Panel with 24-hr battery UPS backup - Redundant heat and smoke detection - Standpipes for Flooding - Use of UL 9540A Large Scale Fire Testing to ensure safe designs Certifications • Owner -provided enclosures/buildings MUST comply with the local fire safety and electric code. (See Section 7.0.) • Software Safety (See Section 5.5.) - StackOS - Battery Safety & Management - E-Stop - Battery Safety - Alarm/Warning Configurations Powin Energy Powin Product Safety Guide: Architecture and Methods — Integration & Control - StackOS+ - High availability, low latency remote monitoring and control using secure AWS cloud infrastructure - Analytics - identify issues in the field before the arise - Ironclad cyber security - Certifications & protocols • Near -term Developments (see Section 8.0.) - First Responder HMI 3.0 Cell -Level Safety 3.1 Lithium -Ion Battery Chemistry Powin has chosen the safest high capacity battery chemistry in the market today. This Lithium Ion chemistry is known as Lithium Iron Phosphate or LiFePO4. In comparison to the other popular high -volume battery chemistries such as the NCA and NMC batteries that are used for EV automotive applications, the LiFePO4 batteries are less energy dense but are safer. LFP cells exhibit thermal runaway at higher temperatures (250°C vs < 2000C). Calorimetry of Lithium -ion Cells Understanding the Thermal Runaway Response of Materials in Cells 500 r am- 1 450 400 350 c S 300 1 250 1200 n 150 2 100 ucoo, NCA NMC(111) 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 Temperature (C) Source: https://www.fire.to.faa.gov/pdf/systems/Octl4Meeting/ SN L-Overview.pdf Figure 1 Calorimetry of Lithium- &db Me 2 Powin Energy Powin Product Safety Guide: Architecture and Methods Table 1 Lithium Ion Battery Chemistry Comparisons Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) Lithium Metal Cathodes (LCO, NMC, NCA) Lower parasitic load including air-conditioning due Better suited for high C Rate applications such to lower thermal sensitivity as EVs. Higher ambient condition tolerance Dominant supply in automotive and consumer applications (diversified) Less demanding fire suppression requirement, Simpler SoC management as voltage changes improved stability in fault conditions more noticeably throughout the DoD range. Less sensitive to volatile metal pricing like cobalt Cobalt has supply chain challenges. (DRC is majority producer). Degradation is not as sensitive to changes in More complexity in augmentation capacity application DoD usage therefore it has a simpler strategies and warranty provisions warranty provision for future operational uses. Table 2 Typical Powin Stack Cell: 280 Ah LIFePO4 Typical Cell: 280 Ah LiFePO4 6000 Cycles at 25°C, 80% DoD, 0.5P Rate Voltage Range 2.5 V to 3.65 V (Nom. Voltage = 3.2 V) Typ. Charge and Discharge Rates 0.5 C Rate Typ. Dimensions & Weight 72 mm x 174 mm x 207 mm, 5.5 Kg Operating Temperature Range -300C to 600C Storage Temperature Range -400C to 600C Over Charge HL3 Over Discharge HL3 Drop HL2 Crush HL2 Short HL2 Heating HL3 Notes: All test conditions according to GBT 36276-2018. HL2 = Cell damaged but no leaking, no venting, no fire, no flame, no rupture or no explosion HL3 = No Venting, no fire, no flame, no rupture, no explosion. Venting but <50%of electrolytic weight. 3.2 Cell Level Monitoring Each Lithium -Ion cell is prismatic, about and encased in a welded aluminum case. Eight of these cells are packed together and connected in series to form a module. The Powin BESS is designed for indoor usage and to work only in the 250C f 5°C range. Temperatures beyond this are carefully monitored and can trigger actions to retain the safety and the reliability of the system. 3.3 Cell Certifications All Powin cells are certified under UL 1642, IEC 62619, GBT 36276-2018, and UN 38.3 (Cell Transportation Safety). All Powin cells, packs, and Stacks are tested to UL 9540A. Contact Powin Sales for further information. Powin Product Safety Guide: Architecture and Methods 4.0 Modules and Battery Pack Safety 4.1 Powin Modules and Battery Pack Design Careful design and testing have produced battery packs having excellent structural integrity to withstand the forces during charging and discharging UL 954OA tests showed that if one battery cell is made to vent, it will not propagate to other cells in the module. The modules also meet the IEC 61373 shock and vibration specification. Airflow Outlets 2 A Airflow Outlets r Aluminum extrusions designed with 3 Structural ventilation channels for air to flow through. Powin Module is an SS1P 45 B � 40 2 C A 35 40,66 S2 1.5 s2 39s4 30 3842 37.30 1 36.19 25 35.06 33.94 32.82 20 0'S 3171 30.59 29.47 15 -- 0 28.35 0 5000 LOOM 150G1 20000 27.23 6.11 Anga 24.99 Figure 3 Computational Fluid Dynamics Module Simulation Results Powin Product Safety Guide: Architecture and Methods 4.2 Battery Pack Controller — Fans, Enforcing Setpoints, Active Balancing Three modules are then placed in a tray to form a battery pack. The Battery Management System (BMS) provides data from every individual cell. This includes Voltage, Current, and Temperature data. The Powin Energy Active Balancing System maintains all the cells in the Stack at the same level of charge. This reduces the chance of overcharging or undercharging an individual cell and, therefore, increases the safety and reliability of the product. String Controller DC Bus Balancing Protection Controls Stad Command Control Array Safety and SOH Battery Pack Controller (BPC) Manages Cell Balancing - Cell Nionnonng Data Mgmt Pack Safety Battery Management Controller (BMC) 1 Executes Cell Balancing — Cell Monitoring Cell Safety Figure 4 StackOS — A Layered Approach to Battery Safety Powin Product Guide: Architecture and Methods 5.0 Stack Air Inlet / fans Ducting Air Outlet / fans t fdw. 5 Stack Ventilation 5.1 String Controller Air Plenum Ducting Multiple Fans are used in the Stack to provide up to 600 cfm of air throughout the Stack. Therefore, the air inside the Stack is replaced every six seconds. Every Stack has a Stack Controller that includes appropriate DC switchgear to isolate and disengage the entire Stack as soon as abnormal operation is detected. For example, the Powin Stack225 has a 225 A fuse and 250 A/1000 V contactors built into the Stack. Several steps are taken to ensure safety before adding a Stack to the Energy Storage System. Before connecting the Stack to the DC Bus, care must be taken to ensure the following: 1. Manual switch is in place. This is the physical E-Stop Plug on the Stack Controller. 2. Permission granted by the StackOS Software 3. Permission granted by the Stack Controller firmware (which uses rigid rules that cannot be overrun by the software to ensure safe operations) Powin Product Safety Guide: Architecture and Methods 5.2 Active Balancing The brains of the Powin Stack is called the StackOS. This software runs on an application -specific computer integrated into the Stack that is constantly monitoring the state of charge of each cell and adjusting it as necessary. A Powin proprietary algorithm uses the Active Balancing circuit to identify safety issues such as loose connections before the Stack can be turned on. 5.3 Hardware Safety Design The Stack hardware is designed so that no single point failure can affect the safety of the Stack. The circuitry used for control and the circuitry used for monitoring the voltages are separate to eliminate single point failure. A CFMEA Analysis for the internal hardware is performed to enhance safety and reliability. All Powin designs are UL 991 compliant to guarantee hardware functional safety. 5A Manual Disconnect Switch The Stacks have a built-in disconnect that enables it to be disconnected using the StackOS. A 1000-volt, 225-amp manual disconnect switch with a short circuit rating of 10 kA (or higher) is placed between the Stack and the DC Bus in the Powin Enclosure. 5.5 StackOS: Software Safety Design The computer in the Powin Stack runs applications designed to ensure safety of the Stack. These applications are designed so that the Stack can be monitored and controlled from the Powin Cloud through the Powin Cloud User Interface. The computer communicates with the Powin Cloud using an Ethernet port. In case of loss of Ethernet signal, the computer defaults to stored values until internet communication is restored. With dual CPUs, 2GB RAM, and an 8GB Hard Disk Drive, the built-in computer has plenty of capacity to store historic data locally, provide detailed data for fault analysis, and be configured securely to provide any additional data etc. The software in the Powin Stack meets the stringent UL 1998 standard for functional safety for software in programmable components. Powin software is written in layers so that a change in one layer will not affect the function of any otherlayer. There are three principal applications available pertaining to safety: • E-Stop • Battery Safety • Config Commands 5.5.1 E-STOP E-STOP is the application that monitors all the Open -Close Detectors crucial for the safety of the system. This includes the Fire Panels, the DC Cabinet door Alarm, the PCS E-STOP, and HVAC Alarm Signals. When such a signal occurs, this application: P Powin Product Safety Guide: Architecture and Methods • analyses the signal, • informs the Powin Cloud about the status, • turns off the HVAC as necessary, • ceases the charge or discharge cycle of the PCS, • opens all battery contacts, • stops all active balancing, and • sends status messages as programmed to the SCADA interface etc. 5.5.2 Battery Safety This application monitors each and every individual cell in the Stack, taking hundreds of measurements every second. It looks at the voltage, the current, and the temperatures in the cell and makes sure that they are all within acceptable bands for the status of the battery at that time. In case an abnormal event is detected, it sends out messages to the Powin Cloud. 5.5.3 Config Commands In this application, warnings, alarms, and shutdowns can be configured by the customer to provide greater safety by allowing the customer to integrate the Stack into the site -level monitoring and control system 5.6 Stack0S+ Powin Energy's StackOS+ offers customers access to a high availability, low latency, remote monitoring system which uses the Powin Cloud. The Powin Cloud resides in the AWS Redshift Cloud Data Warehouse. Besides its use in Energy Flow Optimization, StackOS+ also allows analytics enabling the customer to identify problems before they occur. Another advantage of the StackOS+ is that it offers state of the art data security. 5.7 Stack Certifications The StackOS software is certified to UL 1998 Standard. The Powin Stack is certified to UL 1973, UL 991, and IEC 62619 standards and is tested to the UL 9540A standard. 8 Powin Product Safety Guide: Architecture and Methods 6.0 Powin Enclosure Note: If Powin Enclosures are not used, please see Section 7.0, Owner -Provided Indoor Enclosure or Building -Based Systems for specific requirements. 6.1 Reliable Cooling Powin Enclosures, which can hold up to 6 Stacks in a 20-foot Enclosure, 14 Stacks in a 40-foot Enclosure, and up to 20 Stacks in a 53-foot Enclosure, have a duct running across and above the Stacks that is ducted directly to the inlets of the Stack, providing cooled or heated filtered air. N Powin Enclosures 90 6.2 Gas Detection and NFPA69 Compliant Explosion Prevention There are two Hydrogen Sensors placed at strategic locations in every Powin Enclosure. Two sensors provide 1+1 redundancy and are directly tied into the HVAC system using a Potter Addressable Fire Control Panel. These sensors sense Hydrogen gas which forms over 50% of the gases during venting. If the Hydrogen concentration exceeds 1%, Emergency Venting takes place. When hydrogen gas is detected, the HVAC Economizer is bypassed and the two 6-ton HVAC units deliver 3800 cfm of fresh air to evacuate dangerous gases inside the Enclosure. Powin Product Safety Guide: Architecture and Methods Nib 0w ARRGH Hydrogen Sensor 1R5XWnB/.iiM 06kWIr0MlERr 9p�WTMTRIIY'n •. ggkW11 NT1FPY OIWIr MTIER! YlA1M &\TF11Y flWMi4liEA $3 A 9•IkW I yEkl\T 97BMi LGYWi 'IAkNT ]1pWlr 96WX 'yRWi MTIEM m-i u 54i1Y4 $�X4rt i'Wt n4TN ii¢W AI��p l NFPA 855 Compliant • Electrically releasing Stat-X aerosol Fire Suppressant • Pressure releasing deflagration valves • Mechanical ventilation • Potter Fire panel with 24-hour UPS backup • Remote notification of fire suppression system activation • Second stage fire suppression system through the standpipe DEVICES it STAT-X 1500 E Generator (x5) Door Warning Signs Release Control Panel J Key Releasing Disable Switch Manual Pull Station Hydrogen Sensors (x2) Abort Switch Horn/Strobe Bell ® Strobe Photo/Heat Detector(x4) x Junction Box (x5) Conduit 7 Safety Features in a Typical 40-Foot Powin Enclosure Powin uses the UL 9540A large scale Fire Safety Testing to ensure safe design. For, example, Figure 7 shows a plan view of a typical 40 -foot Powin Enclosure that can hold up to 14 Stacks or 3.2 MWh of energy. The two Hydrogen Sensors shown here can detect hydrogen and then force the HVAC system to vent fresh air directly into the Stacks to prevent an explosion or fire. Hydrogen gas the largest component of cell thermal runaway venting. Integrating the hydrogen sensors directly into the Marvair Commstat HVAC system controls saves precious reaction time. Powin Product Safety Guide: Architecture and Methods 6.3 Fire Detection and Suppression In case of a fire, every Powin Enclosure has a STAT -X Fire Suppression System that works be eliminating all the O, H and OH free radicals in the environment, causing the fire to be extinguished. This is accomplished by the injection of 1- 2pm potassium particles that eliminates the free radicals. Electrical / Thenlai / Manual Generates function In a similar way. INam.a wrf Cepviane m am m ini21 Initiator Oxidation Cooling 1) Stat•X agent 6 inert gas suspension discharge Exit Ports fills hazard volume (pamclesize 1-2micron) ' ' ' ' ' 8 Fire Aerosol Forming Compound Medium Non -Permeable Powin Enclosure Fire Protection System meets the new NFPA 855 Standard. 6.4 Standpipes for Flooding Powin Enclosures also include two water standpipe connections that can be used to flood the containers to meet local codes and provide a backup to the aerosol system. 6.5 Powin Enclosure Certifications The Powin Enclosure is certified to ISO 1496-1, NFPA 855, UL 991, and UL 1998 standards and is tested to the UL 9540A standard. 7.0 Owner -Provided Indoor Enclosure or Building -Based Systems WARNING: Hazardous Voltage Failure to comply with the requirements of this section will create a hazardous situation that could lead to death or serious injury. AVERTISSEMENT: Tension dan ereuse Le non -respect des exigences de cette section creera une situation dangereuse pouvant entrainer la mort ou des blessures graves. CAUTION: Equipment Damage ! Failure to comply with the requirements of this section could result in damage to the equipment that could void the product warranty. ATTENTION: Domma es a I'e ui ement ! Le non -respect des exigences de cette section peut endommager Irequipement et annular la garantie du produit. Powin Energy Powin Product Safety Guide: Architecture and Methods Battery Stacks may be installed in an inside enclosure or other indoor environment with appropriate loading capacity, environmental controls, and fire detection/suppression. Temperature and humidity conditioning are essential to protect the batteries from moisture and extreme temperatures. In addition, the system may need to be enclosed behind safety covers or located in an area that is inaccessible to unqualified personnel. An indoor enclosure requires ventilation to prevent the accumulation of hydrogen greater than 25% of hydrogen's lower flammability limit (LFL). Powin Stacks installed in a building -based system will have HVAC duct running above the Stacks that are directly ducted to the Stacks to provide cooled or heated, filtered air as needed to keep the Stacks within their optimal operating and standby temperature range. HVAC sizing should be done by a Qualified Mechanical Engineer and take into account the following: • specific system battery power generation and cell degradation as provided by Powin, • building thermal load, and • any other loads in the building. Stacks have built in ventilation fans that will cycle based on operating conditions. To function effectively, the HVAC system needs to be designed to maintain an even temperature distribution of air at the air intakes of the Stack located on the top and account for return air exiting the Stack on the bottom. These fans provide approximately 600 cfm of airflow at each Stack. At a minimum, owner -provided enclosures or building -based systems must have the following: • Fire Suppression System compliant with local fire and electric code • Ventilation system to prevent the accumulation of hydrogen greater than 26% of hydrogen's lower flammability limit (LFL) • Temperature and humidity control systems • Hydrogen Sensors • Manual Disconnect Switch - A 1000-volt, 225-amp manual disconnect switch with a short circuit rating of 10 kA (or higher) must be installed between the Stack and the DC Bus • Door Warning Signs • Appropriate lighting and alarm systems Owner -provided enclosures must also restrict access to Authorized Personnel only who have been trained and/or certified in High -voltage Safety Protocols. Since local regulations and requirements can vary depending on the location, consult the local Fire Authority to ensure compliance with local safety requirements and all electric codes. iF Powin Product Safety Guide: Architecture and Methods 8.0 Near -Term Developments 8.1 First Responder HMI The local Human User Interface is a browser -based Graphical User Interface (GUI) intended for use by emergency First Responders. It supplies basic monitoring and control features intended for basic onsite situational awareness, testing, and putting the system into maintenance mode. 9.0 Regulatory Certifications Powin Stacks and Enclosures are certified and/or tested to the following safety standards: • UL 9540A (Approved by CSA, usCSA) • UL 991 (Approved by UL, cUL) • UL 1973 (Approved by UL, cUL) • TUV Rheinland Group Table 3 Regulatory Symbol Definitions Represents Certification Symbols to the following Standards cq) Certified to UL 9540A C U$ UL991&UL1973 C ,� L US �JJ Rheiya'0 %� ` TUV Rheinland Group c � a Us ��' A me��O Powin Energy 13 Powin Product Safety Guide: Architecture and Methods 10.0 Warning, Caution, and Important Notice Descriptions The following WARNING, CAUTION, and IMPORTANT notices are used throughout Powin documentation to identify situations of presenting personal hazard, equipment damage, or provide information that is important to be aware of BEFORE performing the tasks identified in this document. These notices are critical to the safe installation and operation of this equipment. READ these notices carefully. Understand the level of severity that each of them provides and ensure that all personnel who are involved in the activities described in any Powin document are fully aware of the potential hazards and properly trained in the mitigation or avoidance of such hazards. Hazardous Voltage k Drop or Crush Hazard Arc Flash Hazard Tension dangereuse Risques d'ecraaLsement 7 Risques d'arc electrique WARNING: DANGER - Risk of Death or Serious Personal Injury This WARNING notice indicates a risk of death or serious injury in the event that the product is installed, used, or handled incorrectly or without proper safety procedures. Failure to heed the information in these warnings could result in severe, if not fatal, personal injury. Hazardous Voltage hazards indicate that the there is a danger of electric shock present. Use extreme caution to avoid electrocution. Drop or Crush hazards indicate a danger of being crushed by heavy equipment. Use appropriate lift -safety techniques or seismic securing requirements to ensure that the equipment cannot fall onto any person working around the equipment. Arc Flash hazards indicate a danger of high-energy (explosive) electrical discharge between two electrically -conductive materials. Avoid opening electrical enclosures unless electrical components are de -energized or specialized personal protective equipment is worn. AVERTISSEMENT: DANGER - Risque de mort ou de blessures graves Cet AVERTISSEMENT indique un risque de mort ou de blessures graves clans le cas ou le produit est installe, utilise ou manipule de manure incorrecte ou sans procedures de securite appropriees. Le non -respect des informations contenues clans ces avertissements peut entrainer des blessures graves, voire mortelles. Des risques de tension dangereux indiquent qu'il existe un risque de choc electrique. Soyez extremement prudent pour eviter I'electrocution. Les risques de chute ou d'ecrasement indiquent un risque d'etre ecrase par un equipement lourd. Utiliser des techniques de securite de levage appropriees ou des exigences de securisation sismique pour s'assurer que 1'equipement ne peut pas tomber sur une personne travaillant autour de I'equipement. Les dangers d'arc electrique indiquent un danger de decharge electrique a haute energie (explosive) entre deux materiaux electriquement conducteurs. Evitez d'ouvrir les boitiers electriques, sauf si les componants electriques sont hors tension ou si un equipement de protection individuelle specialise est porte. Powin Product Safety Guide: Architecture and Methods CAUTION: Risk of Non -Fatal Personal • Injury or Damage to Equipment This CAUTION notice indicates a risk of injury or damage to property in the event that the product is used or handled incorrectly or without proper safety procedures. ATTENTION: Risque de blessures corporelles non mortelles ou de dommages a 1'equipement Cat avis d'ATTENTION indique un risque de blessures ou de dommages materiels en cas d'utilisation ou de manipulation incorrecte du produit ou sans procedures de securite appropriees. IMPORTANT: This IMPORTANT notice will contain information that is important to the proper installation, operation, or maintenance of this equipment. This information does not indicate a hazardous or dangerous condition. IMPORTANT: Cat avis IMPORTANT indique un risque de blessure ou de dommage materiel an cas d'utilisation ou de manipulation incorrecte du produit ou sans procedures de securite appropriees. 11.0 Definitions The following terms and acronyms are used in this document. Term Definition AC Alternating Current BESS Battery Energy Storage System BMS Battery Management System BPC Battery Pack Controller CPU Central Processing Unit DC Direct Current HVAC Heating, ventilation and cooling ISO International Standards Organization NFPA National Fire Protection Agency OS Operating System PCs Power Control System RAM Random Access Memory SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition UL Underwriters Laboratories Powin Product Safety Guide: Architecture and Methods These symbols may be found on the product to identify the source of energy input (AC or DC) and the required ground connections per UL, NEC/CEC requirements. Table 4 Electrical Symbol Definitions Symbol Definition �J Alternating Current (AC) _ _ _ Direct Current (DC) V rL Volts AC (Vac) V — 4 Volts DC (Vdc) Ground Lockout Required Before Servicing 12.0 References The following documents were used as guidance in forming this document. • Fire Risk Assessment Report from Pacific Northwest National Laboratories (PNNU Taken from BPA Report. VI. • Cell Manufacturer's UL1693. IEC62619 and UL9540A Test Reports • CSA Report on UL9540 For the Powin Stack225. IFC 2012 Section 608 • Stack225 Arc Flash Safety Assessment Report. • StackOS Product Manual 13.0 Revision H Name Date Reason for Changes Version V. Sukumar 2020.09.02 Initial Publication 0 Powin Product Safety Guide: Architecture and Methods Appendix 1: Test Report Figure 9 shows page 1 of the UL/CSA Test Results. CSA GROUP S�CSA Laboratory Test Data - UL 9540A Report and Test Result GROUP" ORIGINAL TEST DATA This re ort shall not be rem used, exce t in full, without the approval of CSA Group. Master Contract: WA Model: Stack 225 G2.2 Page number 1 of 26 Project l Network: s11f13g026 I Description: I Engergy storage system Standard(s): UL 9540A Third Edition, Dated June 15, 2018 -Test Method for Evaluating Thermal Runaway Fire Propagation in Battery Energy Storage Systems Testing Laboratory Name: CCIC-CSA International Certification Co., Ltd. Kunshan Branch Address: Building 8, Tsinghua Science Park, No 1666 Zu chongzhi Rd (S), Kunshan, Jiangsu 215347, China Testing Program: Custom Test: Latter of Attestation Testing Only X Note: Mark' X " in applicable test program block Remote Witness If tests were performed at another facility, then described below: Testing Laboratory Name: NINGDE CENTEERAL CERTIFICATION &INSPECTION CO.,LTD. Address: No.22, Funing North Road, Dongqiao Development Zone, Ningde, Fujian, 352100 China Facility Qualification Number: -- As above / or describe otherwise Customer: PoWn Energy Corporation Address: 20550 SW 115th Ave Tualatin, Oregon 97062 United States Tested By: Li Fang Name, Title 2020-05-21 to 2020-06-03 Signature Date (YYYY-MM-DD) ® Reviewed by: Giggle Pei/Joseph Zhou Certifier ® Witnessed by: Name, Title la-� _I 2020-06-15 s Signature Date YYYY-MM-DD Vewm: 201945-09 Figure 9 Stadc225 Test Report (Page 7 only) Powin Product Safety Guide: Architecture and Methods AC..............................................15 Acronyms..................................15 Active Balancing .................... 5, 7 Arc Flash Hazards....................14 0 Battery Management System... 5 Battery Pack Controller............ 5 Battery Pack Safety................ 1, 4 Battery Safety ........................7, 8 BE S S..........................................15 BMS...........................................15 BPC............................................15 Building Safety ...........................1 Building -Based Systems .........11 buildings ......................................1 C Caution Symbol ........................15 cell degradation... ......... ........... 12 Cell Level Monitoring................3 Cell Safety...................................1 Cell -Level Safety ....................... 2 Certifications Owner -provided Enclosures/Building-Based Systems .............................12 Powin Enclosures.................11 Regulatory .............................13 Stack....................................... 8 Config Commands.................7, 8 Cooling....................................... 9 CPU............................................15 101 DC..............................................15 Definitions.................................15 Disconnect Switch...............7,12 DoorAlarm..................................7 Drop or Crush Hazards ............ 14 E Electrical Symbol .....................16 Electrical Symbols AC..........................................16 DC..........................................16 GROUND...............................16 Index LOTO......................................16 Volts AC.................................16 Volts DC................................16 Enclosure Safety.....................1, 9 Enclosures Owner -Provided Indoor Enclosure ..........................11 Energy Flow Optimization ......... 8 E-STOP................................... 6,7 Explosion Prevention ................9 F Fire Panels..................................7 Fire Suppression ..................11, 12 First Responder HMI ........... 2,13 G Gas Detection ............................9 H Hardware Safety ........................ 7 Hazardous Voltage Hazards ... 14 humidity.....................................12 HVAC .............................. 9,10,15 HVAC Alarm Signals ................. 7 Hydrogen Sensors ...... .... 9,10,12 IMPORTANT Symbol................15 ISO..............................................15 L LF L..............................................12 Lithium Iron Phosphate ............ 3 Lithium Metal Cathodes ...... ..... 3 Lithium -Ion Battery Chemistry 2 Lower Flammability Limit ........ 12 N N F PA..........................................15 Notice Descriptions ................14 CAUTION...............................15 IMPORTANT ..........................15 WARNING ............................14 O OS...............................................15 Owner -Provided Indoor Enclosure...............................11 P PCS............................................15 R RAM. ....................................... _ 15 Regulatory ................................13 Regulatory Symbol Deifnitionsl3 Regulatory Symbols CSA.......................................13 UL.........................................13 S SCADA......................................15 Software Safety ..........................7 Stack Controller .........................6 Stack Safety... ..... ............ 1,6 StackOS..............................1, 6,7 StackOS+................................2, 8 Standpipes................................11 String Controller ........................6 T Temperature .............................12 Test Report ................................17 thermal load .............................12 V U L 1973.................................. 8,13 U L 1998..............................7, 8,11 UL 9540A...........1, 3, 8,10,11,13 UL 991.......................................13 V Ventilation................................12 AA, Warning Symbols Arc Flash Hazard.................14 Drop or Crush Hazard ......... 14 Hazardous Energy...............14 Powin Product Safety Guide: Architecture and Methods Notes: Powi n Energy ©2020 Powin Energy. All Rights Reserved. LI Safety Guide: Fire Alarm Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) a ❑P Safety Guide: Fire Alarm Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) REVISION HISTORY Name Date Reason for Changes Version D. Vance 2020.02.26 Initial Draft 0.01 K. Plank 2020.02.27 Authorized for Release 1.0 D.Vance 2020.08.19 Adding procedures for explosive gas detection event 1.1 Safety Guide: Fire Alarm Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) TABLE OF CONTENTS REVISIONHISTORY........................................................................................................................................2 TABLEOF CONTENTS..................................................................................................................................... 3 PURPOSE....................................................................................................................................................... 4 INFORMATION FOR EMERGENCY RESPONDERS...........................................................................................4 Environmental Safety Considerations.....................................................................................................4 DEFINITIONS.................................................................................................................................................. 5 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION.............................................................................................................................5 RESPONSE PROCEDURES...............................................................................................................................6 CASE 1: SUPERVISORY SIGNAL......................................................................................................................6 CASE 2: ALARM WITHOUT FIRE SUPPRESSION RESPONSE........................................................................... 6 CASE 3: ALARM WITH FIRE SUPPRESSION RESPONSE..................................................................................7 CASE4: FIRE..................................................................................................................................................8 REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................................. 8 X Safety Guide: Fire Alarm Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) PURPOSE This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) defines the steps that should be taken in response to any fire alarm event in a Powin containerized solution. It should be used in conjunction with an Emergency Response Plan, which is developed and distributed to the personnel listed below before completion of the commissioning process. • Emergency Response Coordinator o Name: o Phone: • Powin Support Team o Phone:855-888-3659 • Site Operator(s) o Name: o Phone: • First Responders o Phone:911 INFORMATION FOR EMERGENCY RESPONDERS In event of a fire alarm with a fire suppression response and/or fire, use the procedure defined in Case 3 and Case 4 of this document. This facility contains: • Lithium-lon Batteries. Battery components are ALWAYS LIVE and present an electrical hazard even when disconnected & powered off. Never touch any electrical components in this facility. • DC Voltages. Up to 1kV that cannot be de -energized • AC Voltages. Up to 28kV that can be de -energized Environmental Safety Considerations • Explosion is the primary safety concern once a clean agent fire suppression system has activated, thus ventilation of explosive gases must complete before opening the container. • Off -gassing from lithium -ion batteries includes Hydrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Ethene, Ethane, Propene, Propane, C4, Pentane. o Wear a Self -Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) when entering the container for the first time to protect against breathing in lingering gases. • Damaged lithium -ion batteries are capable of ignition or re -ignition at any time after a fire or other damage and must be monitored. • Battery components are ALWAYS LIVE and present an electrical hazard even when disconnected. Never touch any electrical components in this facility. • Critical systems must be left powered on — Fire Systems, Ventilation Systems, Gas Systems, and Notification Systems. Powin Energ Safety Guide: Fire Alarm Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) Cn7 • If there are victims inside the facility, be aware that their bodies could be electrically energized — if they may be touching electrically energized parts, do not touch them except with non- conductive materials. • See the Emergency Response Plan for follow up information about other environmental considerations such as water runoff and clean up. DEFINITIONS • Supervisory Signal: This is an indication that the fire detection or suppression system is experiencing a control issue. A special supervisory alarm will go off and a signal sent to the monitoring organization. The fire department should not be called and fire suppression should not be engaged. • Explosive Gas Alarm: This is an indication that at least one gas detector is tripped. • Fire Alarm: This is an indication that at least one detector (smoke, heat, manual) has been triggered. A single detector may not be enough to trigger fire suppression, but should always trigger local indicators (horns, flashing lights) and Powin monitoring indicators. • Fire Suppression Response: This is the actual physical response to fire, triggered by one or more fire alarms. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION Inside each container, there will be a manual trigger, smoke detectors, heat detectors, and, in some container models, gas detectors. By design, the following is expected to occur in response to a signal from each device, provided that such a response is not prevented by on -site conditions: • Contactors will open. • Notification will be sent to the remote monitoring system. • PCS Operation is disallowed. Additionally, for each of specific scenarios below the following is expected to occur, provided that such a response is not prevented by on -site conditions: • Supervisory Signal. If there is a supervisory signal, a supervisory indicator signal will be sent to the remote monitoring system. • Manual Trigger. If the manual trigger is tripped, an audible alarm and flashing light will activate locally, Powin's remote monitoring system will indicate an alarm, and, after a delay of 60 seconds, the fire suppression response will begin. • Single Detector. If a smoke detector, heat, or gas detector is tripped, an audible alarm and flashing light will activate locally, and Powin's remote monitoring system will indicate an alarm. Fire suppression is not automatically triggered in response to a signal from a single detector. • Multiple Detectors. If both smoke and heat detectors are tripped, fire suppression response will begin immediately, an audible alarm and flashing light will activate locally, and Powin's remote monitoring system will indicate a fire suppression response. X Safety Guide: Fire Alarm Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) RESPONSE PROCEDURES The following cases are ordered from lowest risk to highest risk. C$1GVI :M 0&'JIl» Ctyl F.107 0,VA&j[C1► I_1I This is most likely a non -emergency malfunction, but proper care must still be taken to ensure safety of personnel and assets during the investigation. 1. Powin will immediately call the Emergency Response Coordinator listed in the Emergencv Response Plan and at the top of this document. 2. The Powin support team will create a fire detection/suppression ticket to track relevant details. 3. The Emergency Response Coordinator will arrange and conduct a visual inspection of the container on each side, before opening any doors. Look for any evidence of heat, fire, explosion, or off -gassing. 4. Take one of the following actions, depending on site conditions: a. If evidence of heat, fire, explosion, or out gassing is found, immediately proceed to Case 4: Fire b. If evidence of fire suppression is seen, immediately go to Case 3: Alarm with Fire Suppression Response c. If no evidence of heat, fire, explosion, out gassing, or fire suppression is found, carefully open the container door. 5. Follow up actions: a. The Powin support team will provide support on finding the root cause of the Supervisory Signal. b. Within one week of the incident, Powin will provide a root -cause analysis and mitigation document, if appropriate, for this alarm. CASE 2: ALARM WITHOUT FIRE SUPPRESSION RESPONSE If a visual inspection of the enclosure shows evidence of a fire, immediately go to Case 4: Fire. 1. Keep the container closed and under observation for at least 60 minutes. 2. Disconnect all DC power to the container and establish a safety perimeter of 30.5 meters / 100 feet around all sides. 3. Call the Emergency Response Coordinator listed in the Emergency Response Plan and at the top of this document. 4. Call and notify Powin via the support line at 855-888-3659. 5. Powin will create a fire detection/suppression ticket to track relevant details. 6. If no evidence of heat, fire, explosion, or out gassing is seen after 60 minutes and no fire suppression response is reported by the Powin remote monitoring tools or local monitoring, conduct a visual inspection of the container on each side, before opening any doors. Look for any evidence of heat, fire, explosion, or out gassing. a. If evidence of heat, fire, explosion, or out gassing is found, immediately go to Case 4: Fire. Safety Guide: Fire Alarm Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) b. If no evidence of heat, fire, explosion, or out gassing is found -open the container door, but do not go in yet 7. Re-establish the safety perimeter of 30.5 meters / 100 feet around the container and observe the container another 60 minutes. 8. If no further indications of heat, fire explosion, or out gassing is found then the container may be entered at this point. a. A Self Container Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) must be worn upon initial entry in case any gases are lingering. 9. Follow up actions: a. Powin will provide further support on resetting the alarm signal. b. Within one week of the incident, Powin will provide a root -cause analysis and mitigation document, if appropriate, for this alarm. CASE 3: ALARM WITH FIRE SUPPRESSION RESPONSE If a visual inspection of the enclosure shows evidence of a fire, immediately go to Case 4: Fire. 1. Keep the container closed and under observation for at least 60 minutes. 2. Disconnect all DC power to the container and establish a safety perimeter of 30.5 meters / 100 feet around all sides. 3. Call the Emergency Response Coordinator listed in the Emergency Response Plan and at the top of this document. 4. Call and notify the Powin via the support line at 855-888-3659. 5. Powin will create a fire detection/suppression ticket to track relevant details. 6. If no evidence of fire is seen from the safety perimeter after 60 minutes and no fire suppression response is reported by the Powin monitoring tools or local monitoring, conduct a visual inspection of the container on each side, before opening any doors. Look for any evidence of heat, fire, explosion, or out gassing. a. If evidence of heat, fire, explosion, or out gassing is found, immediately go to Case 4: Fire. b. If no evidence of heat, fire, explosion, or out gassing is found - open the container door, but do not go in yet. 7. Re-establish the safety perimeter of 30.5 meters / 100 feet around the container and observe the container another 60 minutes. 8. If no further indications of heat, fire explosion, or out gassing is found then the container may be entered at this point. a. A Self Container Breathina Aaparatus must be worn upon initial entry in case anv oases are lingering. Follow up actions: a. Powin will provide further support on resetting the alarm signal. b. Within one day of the incident, the Powin will provide an initial analysis and response for this alarm. c. Within one week of the incident, the Powin will provide a root -cause analysis and mitigation document, if appropriate, for this response. d. Within one week of the incident, Powin will provide a cleanup and response plan for compromised components. x Safety Guide: Fire Alarm Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) CASE 4: FIRE 1. Disconnect all AC and DC power to the container and establish a safety perimeter of 30.5 meters / 100 feet around all sides. No personnel other than firefighters should go inside the safety perimeter. 2. If the alarm system does not already signal the local fire department, immediately call the local fire department. Provide copies of the Information for First Responders from the top of this document. 3. Call the Emergency Response Coordinator listed in the Emergency Response Plan and at the top of this document. 4. Call and notify Powin via the support line at 855-888-3659. 5. Many Powin containers have a standpipe connection for fire hoses on the outside of the container. The Emergency Response Coordinator and the Emergency Response Plan will indicate if this site has standpipes, and where the hookup is for them. If the containers have a standpipe, the recommended course of action is to use this port to flood the container. CO2 is also an accepted means of fighting lithium battery fires. If a standpipe connection is not available and there is no danger to surrounding structures or people, it is recommended to let the fire burn out on its own in the container. 6. DO NOT ENTER THE CONTAINER WITHOUT TESTING FOR EXPLOSIVE GAS. The standpipe can be used for this purpose if there is not a port specifically for gas detection. Powin will provide safe decommissioning, disposal, and cleanup documentation. REFERENCES The following documents were used as guidance in forming this Fire Alarm SOP: 1. ESA Emergency Response Plan Template 2. NFPA 855 3. IFC 2012 Section 608 Powin Ener