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HomeMy WebLinkAbout11 12 81 PC MinutesNovember 12, 1981 The Albemarle County Planning Commission conducted a work session on Thursday, November 12, 1981, from 4:30 to 6:00 p.m., in Meeting Room 5/6, Second Floor, Albemarle County Office Building, 401 McIntire Road, Charlottesville, Virginia. Those members present were Mrs. Norma A. Diehl, Chairman; Mr. David P. Bowerman, Vice Chairman; Mr. Kurt Gloeckner; Mr. Corwith Davis, Jr.; Mr. Allan Kindrick; Mr. James Skove. Mr. Richard Cogan was absent. Other officials present were Mr. Robert W. Tucker, Jr., Director of Planning; Mr. Ronald S. Keeler, Assistant Director of Planning; Mr. Frederick Payne, Deputy County Attorney; Mr. William Brent, Director of the Albemarle County Service Authority; Mr. Gary Beasley, Water Quality Inspector; and Mr. Robert Milici from the Division of Mineral Resources. Mrs. Diehl called the meeting to order and announced that the first item under discussion was the cross connection program. Mr. Keeler explained that for some time the Commission had questioned what the cross connection program consisted of. He said that for that reason Mr. Brent and Mr. Beasley were present to explain the program and answer any specific questions the Commission might have. Mr. Brent stated that the cross connection program originated as a Federally mandated program to the States. Cross connection requirements became a part of the Code of Virginia in 1974 and were adopted by the Board of Supervisors in ordinance form in 1977, Mr. Brent continued. Mrs. Diehl remarked that although these requirements had been in effect since 1977 the Commission had only just begun to see them as a condition of approval. Mr. Brent explained that he did not really perceive them as a condition of approval but rather as early notice to the builder or developer of the requirement. He explained that in the past problems and confusion had arisen about the cross connection program and this was a way in which the requirement would be known prior to any construction. Mr. Kindrick asked Mr. Brent to explain what exactly was meant by cross connection program, as he understand the matter to concern a device that had to be installed. Mr. Brent responded that it involved a program because after installation maintenance and inspections at regular intervals were involved. He said that Mr. Beasley would further explain the program. Mr. Beasley stated that certain schedules were set up, depending upon a particular cross connection device, to inspect against any back pressure or backflow. He explained that inspections were made on new construction, to check and State certify that the device specified on the blue prints was indeed properly installed and functioning at the time of installation, then periodic follow-up inspections were required at varying intervals to insure that the device continued to function properly. Aside from new construction, Mr. Beasley stated that there were planned reviews of older, previously installed devices on a regular basis. He explained that these inspections were to protect the public water supply system. Mr. Kindrick remarked that he was beginning to understand and that he believed a full time position would shortly be created to handle all of these inspections. �s� Mr. Beasley responded in effect that he was indeed working almost full time on the program. He explained that initially a survey was made of all commercial and industrial connections to the public system and from that listing a determination was made concerning the greatest potential hazard to the public water supply and inspections of those with highest risk made first. Mr. Beasley said that inspections were made for compliance with State Waterworks regulations and the Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code, Section 1605. He explained that there had been a backlog of existing structures that had required inspection and follow-up and said that the point was just being reached where new construction could be handled at the site plan stage. Mr. Beasley said that by looking at the site plan, he could get an idea of the sort of device required, and he could contact the architect or engineer directly and discuss the requirement. He said that in the past this had not been possible. Mrs. Diehl asked whether by having the cross connection listed as one of the conditions or noting it on the site plan had had a positive effect for him. Mr. Beasley replied that it had. He said that problems had very definitely been avoided through having the opportunity to review the site plan and alert the architect and engineer. He cited one instance where time and expense had been avoided through the early detection of an incorrectly described device on a site plan, involving some 180 protective devices. Mr. Beasley stated that he enjoyed good relationships with all area architects and engineers, who were most cooperative. Mrs. Diehl remarked that it sounded as though there were a real advantage to having the cross connection cited at this early stage. Mr. Skove questioned how this issue was different from items covered under the building and electrical and plumbing codes, which the Commission did not directly address during the course of its regular review. Mr. Beasley responded that the cross connection devices were to insure the public safety of the general water supply for potability and freedom from any contamination. He further explained that the Health Department mandated Statewide that water purveyors, such as the Service Authority, initiate such a program and conduct inspection of installation of the proper devices as well as regular follow-up inspections. Mr. Skove said that he was not arguing against the desirability of these devices, but he had some reservations about making it still another condition when there were already so many and someone might be prompted to include something else if this control were so included. Mr. Brent observed that he still did not consider it a condition, but a statement alerting at the earliest possible stage of the need to have the State Waterworks regulations complied with. He said that it was clearly not contingent on issuing a building permit or having the site plan approved as a site plan. Mr. Davis wondered why the issue could not be flagged at the certificate of occupany stage, as a subordinate item. Mr. Beasley responded that this could be too late, causing great expense to redo incorrectly installed devices, after construction had commenced and practically terminated. Mrs. Diehl observed that mentioning the requirement in the Staff Report would alert the developer at an early stage. Mr. Bowerman remarked that it could be shown on the site plan or plat at the time of submittal, as one of the items required. Mr. Gloeckner said that often the architectural plans.had not been drawn at the time of submittal of a site plan. Mr. Payne observed that since the issue of public water was involved, he could see an advantage to preventing any costly dismantling by a developer in order to install these devices through notifying the developer at the building permit stage. He added that he saw this as a potentially practical matter, putting the developer on notice of a requirement that at a later point could be very expensive to correct. Mr. Kindrick remarked that this seemed like an appropriate place to put it, as with the electrical service requirements. He added that there seemed to be more and more areas for review. Mr. Skove agreed and wondered whether the number of conditions was getting excessive. Mr. Brent again objected to calling it a condition. He said that the Service Authority was not requesting that this requirement be made one of the conditions of approval on site plans. Mr. Payne suggested that another approach might be to just rubber stamp each building permit application with a note that if the building was to be served by public water, it would be subject to the cross connection program. He added that the advantage of having this item as a condition was that all requirements were then listed in one place and were clearly subject to enforcement; he stated that there could never be any question of the applicant having been alerted if it were included in the list of conditions. Mr. Davis observed that a similar situation existed when someone wanted to locate a frost -proof hydrant in his yard within the City. Mr. Davis said that he had to pay for various permits and inspection fees to insure that the hydrants would not back - siphon into the public water supply. He suggested a fee per cross connection device. Mrs. Diehl asked Mr. Tucker whether he might have any suggestions on this matter. Mr. Tucker responded that, although there had been considerable discussion of the issue, a determination had not been made on how best to address it. He suggested that he had been thinking perhaps along the line of Mr. Davis, that it might be appropriate to have the Inspections Department notify applicants of the requirement if public water would serve the site, at the time of applying for a building permit. He said that he did not really understand why there was any problem, since approval of water and sewer plans was already a requirement, prior to issuance of a building permit. He said that he thought that the design of the cross connnection devices would be at this stage also. Mr. Gloeckner observed that plumbing plans were also involved because the interior connections were also under review. Mr. Tucker said that either way the building plans would be drawn up and the applicant had to comply with certain conditions prior to receiving a building permit. Mr. Gloeckner said that sometimes someone other than the architect prepared the site plan. He said that the architect might not be aware of conditions of approval on the site plan when he starts to draw up building plans. Mr. Tucker suggested to the Chairman that perhaps Staff should work on this issue and get back to the Commission with a recommendation. Mrs. Diehl asked Mr. Brent whether he was in agreement with handling the cross connection requirement at the building permit stage. Mr. Brent replied that he would probably ask his staff to raise the issue when they first see the site plan, but he could not direct the Commission on its position on the matter. Mrs. Diehl thanked Mr. Brent and Mr. Beasley for coming to the meeting and addressing the Commission's concerns with regard to the cross connection program. Mrs. Diehl announced that Mr. Robert Milici from the Division of Mineral Resources was present to address the Commission on exploratory drilling and how such activities are controlled at the State level. Mr. Keeler explained that in September the Board of Supervisors adopted a Resolution of Intent to amend the Zoning Ordinance to include a definition of natural resource extraction. He continued that the proposed definition included all exploratory drilling as a natural resource extraction activity and would have to take place within the natural resource extraction district or zone. Mr. Keeler said that the Commission had reviewed and discussed this issue twice and at the last meeting the prime concern had been whether or not to include exploratory drilling for oil and natural gas in the definition or to provide for this activity in some other fashion. Mr. Keeler introduced Mr. Milici, saying that in talking with Mr. B. T. Fulmer, State Oil and Gas Inspector with the Division of Mines and Quarries, Mr. Milici had been recommended as someone locally who was well informed on exploratory drilling and State regulations. Mr. Milici said that he had just returned from Richmond where he had been discussing uranium mining. Mr. Milici further identified himself as the State Geologist and offered the services of the Division of Mineral Resources, located on the University of Virginia grounds. He passed out a few copies of a "Scheduling Diagram for Open Pit Mine. (copy attached) Mr. Milici explained that the initial diameter in an exploratory drilling would usually be quite small, 1 and 7/8 inches in core -drilling. In depth he said that it could range from a few feet to a few thousand feet. Mr. Milici said that in the feasibility study stage bulk sampling presented a problem to environmentalists. He said that the borderline between exploratory activity and actual mining was disputable. Mr. Milici said that in bulk sampling it was conceivable that several tons of soil could be disturbed and carried off. Mr. Milici said that such activity did not come under mining laws because the material was not sold for profit. Mr. Milici said that generally the position of the Mineral Resources Division was to be in favor of any exploration for minerals, provided it was done safely and with no lasting damage to the populace. He said that one reason the Division was in favor of this type of exploration was because it was a way in which man could learn more about his natural environment. Mr. Milici said that ASS he was opposed to legislative ignorance, such as the seven-year moratorium in New Jersey on uranium exploration, which prevents discovering what is in existence naturally. Mr. Milici pointed out that by learning about the natural environment better land use could be planned. He stressed that this exploration should be safe. Mr. Milici remarked that there were all sorts of drilling - water wells, oil and natural gas, foundation test holes, etc. He explained that diamond drill core drilling was about the same as water well drilling - same kind of rig, slightly smaller diameter. From an environmental point of view, Mr. Milici stated, a water well drill was more damaging than a diamond drill test hole for minerals. He said that a water well rig could be open for years, but the diamond drill hole was required to be sealed, plugged from the bottom to the top with cement, when abandoned. Mr. Milici next described how a company enters an area looking for minerals: it begins with general nondestructive geology, then takes up leases and next plans a drilling program. The drilling program initially consists of fairly wide spaced holes, 1000-foot centers. If the explorer believes the available tonnage warrants it, Mr. Milici continued, he will proceed to the feasibility study stage. In this stage the drillings will be closer, 200 or 300 feet apart. Mr. Milici said that permission to drill could currently be obtained by sending a plat to Tom Fulmer indicating the desired drilling sites. Mr. Milici stated that Mr. Fulmer then writes a letter to the person requesting permission to drill giving the person or company permission to drill. Mr. Milici said that as one single inspector, Mr. Fulmer could not possibly personally inspect each hole in the State and it could therefore happen that some holes were not properly capped. Mr. Milici pointed out the concern related to an improperly sealed well leaking uranium, for example, and contaminating a nearby water well. Mr. Milici said that the supposed the Commission wondered where the different levels of government fit in the regulation of mineral exploration, how to go about enforcing it and financing it. Mrs. Diehl asked about the change in the definition of earth -disturbing activities from the General Assembly, whether Mr. Milici could provide any further information or background on this action. It was determined that this change moved drilling for oil and gas from State Erosion and Sedimentation control law to the Division of Mines and Quarries. Mr. Milici said that this meant in effect that it was under Mr. Fulmer, who is in Big Stone Gap, which has historically been the site for most gas and oil drilling. He said that the seven counties surrounding Big Stone Gap have contained most of this type drilling up until now, and Mr. Fulmer as State inspector would be enforcing this activity. Mr. Milici stated that oil and gas rigs are huge and involve disturbing a couple of acres, bringing in large trucks and spending months of occupying the site, also mud pits and considerable impact. Mr. Skove asked to what depth such drilling might go. Mr. Milici replied 5,000 was shallow; 14, 15,000 feet was usual. Mr. Skove asked if this activity was by permit. Mr. Milici replied that for oil and'gas drilling there was a much more complicated process than the submittal of a plat to Mr. Fulmer, and this process included indicating the proposed depth of the drilling on the permit application. 6sy Mrs. Diehl asked Mr. Milici to give some more details. Mr. Milici said that to file for a permit for this type of drilling, a detailed survey plat, kind of rig, geological formation to be tested, occupancy, estimate of depth. Mr. Milici said that this sort of drilling was monitored closely. He explained that extraction was from the same initial hole in gas, oil or water. Mr. Milici explained that a mineral test hole was strictly exploratory and would involve a separate mining activity if extraction were involved. Mrs. Diehl asked whether in either of these cases, mineral or oil and gas drilling field inspections were carried out. Mr. Milici replied that they were in the oil and gas drillings. The mineral test holes, however, Mr. Milici continued, probably were not always checked. Mr. Milici confirmed that Mr. Fulmer did inspect each and every gas and oil hole in the State. Mrs. Diehl asked how soil erosion problems were addressed, and Mr. Milici said that he could not. answer with authority. Mrs. Diehl asked whether there were State regulations that a local government with particular concerns might utilize such as in the case of the reservoir area or watershed area. Mr. Milici responded that he believed a locality's specific concerns would have to be stated directly to Mr. Fulmer. Mrs. Diehl asked how local government fit into the overall process. Mr. Milici suggested that local government would have to take the initiative. Mr. Skove asked to confirm that in talking about a gas or oil drilling, the depth could be 20,000 in Albemarle and involve a huge operation. Mr. Davis said that the State has asked localities not to include exploratory drilling for gas and oil under soil erosion and sedimentation regulations, but leave the regulation of this activity to the State Division of Mines and Quarries. Mr. Milici asked to give an example on water drilling. He stated that the State Water Control Board requires a completion report and samples taken every ten feet of the well, on every hole drilled. Mr. Milici said that this law was not enforced uniformly across the state. He suggested that the driller rather than the property owner should be required to collect the sample. He said the law was in place but not workable as stated. Mr. Davis asked how many exploratory wells had been drilled in Albemarle. Mr. Milici responded that the Division of Mineral Resources had drilled one mineral test hole, but that he was not aware of any gas or oil drilling. Mr. Skove said that there had already been a lot of lease activity in Albemarle. Mr. Milici said that some lease activity was speculative on the part of companies who could sell if oil or gas was discovered in the area and they held lease on adjacent property. He said that this sort of practice was common in North Carolina up through the Blue Ridge into parts of Virginia. Mr. Skove remarked that it was most likely that some day a hole would be drilled. ` Mr. Milici responded that he hoped so, that he was most curious to know whether gas or oil existed. Z O Mr. Milici observed that in the entire Appalachias and overthrust area there was not a single large well. Mrs. Diehl asked whether Albemarle was considered part of this Eastern overthrust area. Mr. Milici replied that Albemarle was on the eastern edge. Mr. Davis inquired about the terms of some of the lease arrangements he had heard about,specifically one sixteenth for the property owner's percentage. Mr. Milici responded that one eighth was the normal percentage. He added that a ten-year lease was a long one and that if he were the land owner he would require full payment up front on such a lease. Mr. Bowerman asked whether Mr. Fulmer would be responsible for overseeing that any test hole was plugged. Mr. Milici replied that he was, and also stated that he saw that oil and gas laws as written were implemented. Mrs. Diehl asked about whether Mr. Milici thought this area might be used for gas storage, since it had granite subsoil. Mr. Milici replied that he believed it unlikely and said that usually old abandoned gas fields were used for storage. Mr. Davis asked how long an exploratory drill might run. Mr. Milici replied it might be anywhere from one to three months. Mr. Bowerman confirmed that the depth was considerable, going down four miles. Mrs. Diehl asked how four miles worth of matter would be disposed of. Mr. Milici replied that material extracted in the drilling of a deep hole generally was collected in a small lake or mud pit, which could be a half of an acre in size. He added that it could also be pumped back into a dry well. Mr. Milici said that these :cells, if drilled locally,would run to a cost of a million or more dollars. He mentioned drilling was going on in counties to the west of this area. He added that he would not wish to see core drilling outlawed because he was most interested in collecting data from every available hole. Mrs. Diehl observed that she was interested in approaching this issue not so much in a exclusionary fashion as in a restrictive one, in which local authorities would play some part and regulate soil erosion. She asked Mr. Milici whether he agreed with some control on soil erosion. He did so, saying that if local authorities controlled soil erosion in subdivision development, it was appropriate that some of these drillings be regulated in a similar manner. Mrs. Diehl said that most of her concerns had been addressed by Mr. Milici; she asked the other Commissioners for their questions or comments. Mr. Gloeckner said that it was apparent that a definite distinction should be made between geological drilling for information and drilling for gas and oil, which impacted enormously. He added that perhaps erosion and reclamation needed to be addressed in either case, but the magnitude of gas and oil drilling was quite a separate matter. Mr. Milici observed that he would think the Commission should be concerned with where holes for drilling were located and that they be properly plugged. W ,A Mrs. Diehl asked what kind of rig was used for core drilling. Mr. Milici replied one similar to a water rig. Mrs. Diehl asked how these rigs were brought into fairly inaccessible areas. Mr. Milici replied that the arrangement was between the company drilling and the landowner. He said that a road could be bulldozed if the landowner so agreed. He said that there was also a skid rig that could be pushed in by bulldozer. Mr. Davis said that he would prefer to see a permit procedure rather than a rezoning approach for exploratory drilling. Mr. Milici agreed that if the process were to be controlled locally, a permit procedure was not a bad idea. He volunteered the help in reviewing permit requests of the Division of Mineral Resources and suggested that information from exploratory drilling be shared. Mrs. Diehl observed that perhaps Mr. Milici's office could also advise the Commission on possible trouble spots or what to be on the lookout for. Mr. Davis asked whether Mr. Milici thought it probable that a company drilling for gas or oil would willing share its geological information. Mr. Milici replied that there is a depository located within the Division of Mineral Resources where all samples collected under the rules and regulations come. He explained that Mr. Fulmer was regulatory, but the Division of Mineral Resources was scientific. Mr. Milici said that results of analysis and study were logged at the Division from samples collected all over the state. Mr. Davis asked whether these studies were independent from test results the individual drilling companies might have. Mr. Milici replied that the Division conducted its own tests but the results of the private companies' testing was usually the same. He did say that often the Division never saw the individual company's report on samples. Mr. Payne suggested to Mrs. Diehl that if the distinction between exploratory and exploitative or extraction drilling were to be made, the first activity might be by special use permit and the latter under natural resource rezoning procedure. He remarked that such an approach would entail quite a reworking of the currently proposed definition and amendment. Mr. Milici asked to make one more observation, that the Commission might want to consider a rezoning procedure in any case where a mine might be located. Mrs. Diehl asked Mr. Milici about uranium mining; she stated that local vineyard growers had raised concerns about dust from such mining and she wished to know about what risks might be involved in such activity. Mr. Milici said that if it were not controlled it could probably be a threat. He explained that the drilling should include the proper plugging of holes. He added that mining was regulated under the Division of Mines and the state was actively looking into controls. Mr. Milici stated that should uranium mining take place in Virginia there would be adequate safeguards in effect to protect the environment. The tailings, he added, were property of the Federal Government and the mills controlled by the Federal Government. 6 J Mrs. Diehl said that if there were no further questions from the Commissioners, she would thank Mr. Milici for having come to the meeting and enlightened those present. She added that the Commission might be calling on him again in the future. Mr. Payne observed that the issues before the Commission were (1) how to make a distinction between the exploration phase and the exploitation phase, if such was desired and (2) whether to make a distinction between exploration for oil and gas, and other minerals on the other hand, excepting water wells. Mr. Payne said that as he understood Mr. Milici's position, the first issue was probably appropriate, that a distinction should be made, but not necessarily the second. He said, any exploratory drilling should probably be by special use permit in the RA, the only district where such activity would be suitable. Then, for any other type drilling, Mr. Payne continued, the rezoning to natural resource district would be required. Mr. Davis wondered why there was a need for special use permit in the case of small core drilling. He suggested a list of regulations to control the activity, but not subject it to a political decision. Mr. Payne said that he saw two advantages to using the special use permit process. He said that there was the power to deny it and secondly, from a legal standpoint a condition on a special use permit is an integral part of that permit. Mr. Payne explained that in a legal proceeding if a ruling were made in favor of an applicant who did not wish to comply with a condition on a special use permit, such a ruling would also strike down the special use permit and subject the whole application to review again. Mr. Payne explained this feature as a further safeguard in regulating drilling activity, as compared to supplementary regulations which would cover all concerns with great difficulty and were unlikely to do so, and which would be severable as opposed to non -severable. Mr. Payne said that from a legal point of view, he thought the distinction might be significant. Mrs. Diehl said that she felt strongly that only a special use permit procedure would give the Commission power to review each case individually. Mr. Skove asked whether Mrs. Diehl was referring to diamond core drilling, exploratory for minerals, geological drilling. Mrs. Diehl responded that although it was still a gray area to her, she would be concerned about soil erosion during any type of drilling and believed that the special use permit procedure allowed for control of soil erosion. Mr. Skove remarked that from what he could understand, some of the diamond core drilling was less disruptive than water well drilling and that he was reluctant to see a lot of special use permit activity for every small hole that might be drilled. Mrs. Diehl pointed out that in outlying areas, inaccessible locations, bulldozers might be used to push out a route for a rig. She added that she liked the idea of separating the two types of activities, but at the same time wanted local control over both. Mr. Gloeckner wondered whether if drilling were subject to special use permit review, some applications might be denied based on what might be extracted rather than on the basis of soil erosion. Mrs. Diehl did not believe this would happen. 663 Mr. Payne said that he did not believe that soil erosion was the only concern of the Commission. He added that Mr. Milici would be able to help condition a special use permit for uranium drilling, for example. Mr. Payne also mentioned that in certain cases even in the RA district drilling might not be appropriate due to development or a small lot size. Mr. Davis remarked that it was much more likely that uranium exploration would take place locally; he doubted that anyone was really looking for gas and oil, although there seemed to be more interest in controlling gas and oil than in addressing what he considered the greater threat - uranium drilling. Mr. Bowerman said that his understanding of putting exploration for oil and natural gas and diamond core bit drilling under the regulation of local government through the special use permit process, was to insure a review of each case, allowing for the particular topography of a site. If in the drilling process there was a determination to extract, Mr. Bowerman continued, that would go through a whole different process. He said that he tended to agree with Mr. Davis that there would not be a flurry of drilling in the near future. Mr. Bowerman said that he did not see the special use permit process as a burden but rather as a good method. Mr. Gloeckner observed that the exploration would then have to be exposed; he said that someone might not want to disclose what they were looking for. Mr. Payne said that he was not certain this was true; he said that if a given process were being used, it would not necessarily be required that an applicant disclose his objective. Mr. Payne said that someone might be drilling for gold and hit the mother lode of uranium. Mr. Skove said that he still believed the special use permit procedure was a lengthy one for exploratory drilling, which he did not believe disturbed much land. Mr. Bowerman responded that it was difficult to determine what would be destructive and that roads bulldozed out for rigs that might make small holes could be considered destructive. Mr. Skove said this activity was not related to drilling, special use permit for exploratory drilling. Mr. Bowerman replied that roads would be conditioned under a permit procedure. Mr. Payne concurred that this activity would have to be considered as part of the special use permit review. Mrs. Diehl apologized for interrrupting the discussion, but informed the Commissioners that there was someone present who wished to speak on this matter, if the Commissioners agreed to reopen the public hearing. Mr. Davis moved to reopen the public hearing, Mr. Skove seconded the motion, and it passed unanimously with no further discussion. Donna Shaunesey introduced herself as a resident of Nelson County where one tenth of the county has been leased by gas companies. She said that although she had no prepared statement to make, she thought the Commission should be made aware that the regulatory picture was currently in a state of change. Ms. Shaunesey mentioned a bill proposed by Rick Voucher which was currently going through public hearings across the state. She said that there seemed to be a good chance that the bill would be passed and that it would protect coal resources also. 66� Ms. Shaunesey said that in talking with Mr. Voucher, he had recommended that one way in which local governments could deal with regulating this activity was to apply a severance tax of one percent. She added that damage to roads was one common problem when drilling takes off in an area, due to the weight of the rigs that have to be brought in. Ms. Shaunesey mentioned the problems encountered in West Virginia after ten years of drilling activity: the location of pipe lines if obstructions exist, fencing out livestock to keep them from entering drilling areas, cutting off property owners from through access on their own property, falling water tables, etc. She stated that there were many more problems than just soil erosion. Ms. Shaunesey explained a common practice in drilling for gas was that one hole when it began to go dry, would have additional holes drilled around it and those would be pumped with water to force out the gas. She stated that this process contaminated the water and environment, especially since it was common practice to use salt water. Another technique, Ms. Shaunesey continued, was dynamiting deep in the hole. Mrs. Diehl asked whether these practices took place during the extraction phase. Ms. Shaunesey replied that they did. Ms. Shaunesey said that a group in West Virginia, the Oil and Gas Reform Coalition, was passing along information to her and that she in turn would be glad to share whatever she heard with the Commissioners. She said that talking with others and seeing literature concerning these activities would probably be helpful to a local government in determining its role in the regulation of drilling. Mrs. Diehl asked whether in Nelson County there was any effort going on to separate exploratory activity from the extraction process. Ms. Shaunesey replied that there was not and with oil and gas it was difficult to separate the twc. Mrs. Diehl thanked Ms. Shaunesey and asked whether there was further public comment. Mrs. Peggy Van Yahres, representing the Piedmont Environmental Council, expressed her concern over how exploration and extraction definitions could really pinpoint when one activity ended and the other began. She mentioned Mr. Norman Reynolds, Vice President of Mining for Marline; Mrs. Van Yahres said that he had been unable to clearly define the difference between the two activities. She said that the question on whether exploration was dangerous depended on the number of holes and the size of the area in which holes were drilled, whether they became closer and closer together. Mrs. Van Yahres mentioned that Mr. Milici had stated that uranium could contaminate the water table. As to the question of whether exploration was being regulated, she continued, she said that the question was asked of Mr. Reynolds why in Pittsylvania County some of the holes had not been properly capped. Mrs. Van Yahres said that he had replied that some of the farmers had asked that they not be capped. She pointed out that therefore regulation or effective regulation did not exist. Mrs. Van Yahres stated that even with the Federal Government presumably taking care of tailings, there was no guarantee of any material successfully containing tailings. She questioned the safety of any of the process for uranium or for that matter for gas and oil. Mrs. Van Yahres said that the answers to most of these issues were still not known and that certainly effective regulations did not yet exist. Mrs. Diehl asked whether there was any further public comment. When there was none, she announced that the public hearing was closed once again and the matter before the Commission. vmd Mrs. Diehl asked the Commissioners to resume their discussion of whether to require a special use permit for exploratory drilling. She added that she personally felt very strongly that the special use permit process was the only way to effectively and conveniently handle such a variety of activities. Mr. Skove said that the inclusion of roads altered his thinking. Mr. Davis wondered whether there could be a means of having the special use permit fee pay for an inspector responsible for on -site inspections of drilling holes, looking for soil erosion or runoff problems, making sure that holes were properly plugged. Mr. Davis remarked that if drilling costs a company thousands of dollars, a special use fee high enough to support an inspector should be no problem to the company. Mr. Davis mentioned a figure of $300. He then added that perhaps this would be too much responsibility for a single individual. Mr. Gloeckner responded that he doubted that there would be sufficient volume to support another governmental position. He said that he suspected that if a hole were drilled of the magnitude being suggested, it would be one hole and a $300 special use fee would not support an inspector's services. Mr. Davis suggested that perhaps someone in the Inspections Department could handle these inspections. Mrs. Diehl asked for other comments by the Commissioners, or a concensus on what direction to take. Mr. Gloeckner observed that he favored the special use permit approach for gas and oil drilling, since there was considerable impact from this drilling. He wondered whether the depth of the hole to be drilled might not be a criteria to consider. Mr. Gloeckner mentioned that a couple of local firms drilled or bored regularly for foundation studies and their equipment was fairly big and required the cutting down of trees and temporary roadways in order to move rigs into an area. Mr. Gloeckner said that they did not disturb much land. Mr. Payne asked what sort of limit to depth Mr. Gloeckner might have in mind, before requiring a special use permit. Mr. Payne said that he had some difficulty with this concept because of the difficulty of enforcing it. He said that someone drilling close to the limit, finding some encouraging signs, would proceed regardless. Mr. Gloeckner said that he just did not see the need for extension regulation of an activity that was not more disruptive than digging for a water well. However, he continued, in the case of uranium the whole issue of radioactivity and contamination of the air and water was involved. Mr. Gloeckner stated that this type exploration was quite different because of the harmful element. Mrs. Diehl said that the definition included ores other than uranium; she asked Mr. Gloeckner whether he was suggesting putting gas and oil under special use permit and putting uranium in another category. Mr. Gloeckner indicated that he would be inclined to include uranium drilling in with the gas and oil, but the real problem was that nobody would know what someone was drilling for. �064 Mrs. Diehl remarked that she believed, as Mr. Payne had said, that what was being drilled for was not as critical as how they go about doing it, unless of course she added, it was radioactive. Mr. Payne suggested that it would encourage or invite perjury to require disclosure on what was being drilled for, because applicants would probably never state their true objective. Mrs. Diehl asked whether a concensus had been reached. Mr. Skove said that he was leaning more toward the special use permit, although with definite reluctance, because of the road problems related to drilling. Mr. Kindrick said that he favored the special use permit approach, although he did not know how the cut-off point could be determined. He said that if someone started drilling under a special use permit and made a considerable investment, the problem might arise that a rezoning for extraction activity in that same location might not be possible. Mr. Davis said that he would certainly support the special use permit procedure over making it a rezoning process. Mrs. Diehl asked if the Commissioners were speaking only to exploratory drilling. Mr. Skove said that it was clear that water wells were excluded. Mr. Bowerman asked Mr. Gloeckner how deep the deepest pilings were, in the area. Mr. Gloeckner said as deep 75 feet. Mr. Davis said that a water well could average 250 feet in depth. Mrs. Diehl ascertained that there was a concensus to address exploratory drilling through the special use permit process and to address all other activities related to extraction or exploitation through the natural resource overlay rezoning process. She asked Mr. Payne whether the Commission was under a deadline to take action on this matter. Mr. Tucker indicated that there was no urgency because he had explained to the Board that the Commission was looking into the matter further and would readvertise at a later date. Mr. Payne said that he would want to investigate further before presenting wording. Mr. Bowerman asked whether uranium was being considered under the definition of exploration or considering it under a test drill. Mr. Payne said that as far as he was concerned, it would be two phases, exploration and exploitation and everything would be included under exploration except for water wells and foundation test drills not more than 75 feet. Mr. Gloeckner suggested checking on an appropriate depth because he was not sure that 75 feet was a standard depth. Mr. Bowerman said that then that all exploration would come under special use permit. Mr. Payne concurred. Mr. Davis asked whether there could not be some way in which exploration for any hazardous substance could be advised, so that health problems could be more properly addressed, perhaps with additional regulations for any drilling of hazardous material. 667 Mrs. Diehl said that she believed that any danger or threat due to the substance could be addressed at the exploitative stage or extraction point. Mrs. Diehl said that the next item on the agenda was an update on Rio Road improvements. Mr. Tucker said that the only planned projects on Rio were from the Vo. Tech. School., where the intersection with McIntire Extended would be, to Route 29. He said that no improvements were planned south or east of the interchange. He added that the Park Street bridge improvement was scheduled for next year. Mr. Tucker said that Mr. Roosevelt believed there would be an increase in truck traffic when the bridge improvements were made. Mr. Tucker said that funds were the problem for both the City and County in getting certain road projects/improvements taken care of. Mr. Tucker said that the Commission would go into funding difficulties in more depth when the CATS study came out, which he added would be very soon. Mrs. Diehl asked whether Mr. Roosevelt had mentioned the possibility of any stopgap measures for Rio Road, such as the guardrails, on the bad curves where there is a drop. Mr. Tucker said that he thought the Highway Department could always do such improvements if a request came from the Board of Supervisors, or from the Commission through the Board. He explained that funding might take a little time but such projects could usually be worked into the Highway budget. Mr. Skove remarked that it was interesting to think that the bridge improvement could make the general situation worse. Mr. Tucker agreed, saying that it was amazing that the point had not been brought up during public hearings, but with increased truck traffic some improvements were probably needed. Mr. Bowerman asked whether no improvements were being planned south of that interchange, due to shortage of funds and the physical characteristics of Rio. Mr. Tucker replied that he believed the thinking was to put the money into McIntire where more traffic was expected, leaving Rio to be residential, a side street. Mr. Bowerman said that it was difficult for him to understand why guardrails were not installed years ago, considering the volume of traffic on that road. He said that there were markers with reflectors. Mrs. Diehl asked Mr. Tucker if the Commission could initiate some action for this improvement. Mr. Tucker said that it absolutely could. He added that it might be eight to ten years before there were funds for the McIntire project. Mr. Gloeckner mentioned that River Run would probably be developed in about that length of time. Mr. Gloeckner said that historically the Highway Department had only done something when they had a problem, but that funding had always been readily available to correct problems. He said that all of the Federal money had gone into interstate systems and rising costs of gas had cut back on use of cars and therefore revenue for the Highway Department. 66 s, Mr. Payne said that he was certain that the Highway Department was due for a major revamping in order to survive financially or the counties would take them over. He cited Fairfax as an example. Mr. Tucker said that Fairfax passed a $30,000,000 bond referendum recently. Mr. Bowerman asked whether the CATS study had any schedule or was just a list of priorities. Mr. Tucker replied that it was primarily a setting of priorities. He said that due to funding limitations, there was a reluctance to schedule, although there were phases to certain projects and these were ranked according to priority. Mr. Skove said that the Crozet interceptor project in the CIP was in a similar situation, with no definite funding in sight. Mrs. Diehl said that she would be interested in seeing the Commission recommend guardrails on Rio Road. She asked the Commission if it wished to wait to see the CATS study or wished to take action before then. Mr. Bowerman asked what the meeting on November 18 might entail. Mr. Tucker replied that it was hoped that it would be the last meeting at which time the study would be formally adopted. Mr. Gloeckner suggested that maybe a field inspection should be made, maybe ask Bryon Coburn to go along. The point was raised that there might be a problem in locating guardrails due to lack of area on the steep slopes. Mrs. Diehl asked Mr. Tucker whether he could contact Mr. Coburn and relay the Commission's concerns. Mr. Tucker responded that he would and get back to the Commission with some cost figures, so that the Commission could then formally initiate some action to pass on to the Board. Mr. Keeler indicated that there was an item to address in executive session, involving possible litigation. Mr. Gloeckner moved that the Commission go into executive session. Mr. Kindrick seconded the motion, which passed unanimously with no discussion. The time was approximately 6:30 p.m. RobArt W. Tucker, Jr. Sec tary &6y Cal of those producing most of our do- mestically -produced metals may require five to eight years. A period of five years is shown in Figure 6. ment of the mine and construction of all related facilities. A period of three years is shown for this phase in Figure 6. Development and Construction Phase Summary After it has been concluded that the deposit under study can be put into profitable operation, a major and costly effort is required to transform plans into an operating mine. This includes detailed design of the mining method and the metallurgical process, the ob- taining of required permits from the appropriate governmental agencies and the awarding of contracts for develop - The average open pit mine of the future will require on the order of eleven years to be brought to the point of pro- duction and another year to meet rated capacity. Thus, twelve years will be required to achieve full production. Because underground mines require deep drilling during the exploration phase, sometimes to depths in excess of 3,000 feet, and require deep shafts SCHEDULING DIAGRAM FOR OPEN PIT MINE YEAR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 EXPLORATION GEOLOGY gonun uulo, wlow INITIAL DRILLING uum ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY & PERMITS , ....... - METALLURGICAL BENCH TESTS logo FEASIBILITY STUDY GEOLOGY lolouu n+um 11111411 low um CONFIRMATORY DRILLING uuuu ,••,go•, 1949111111111132 logo ACCESS TO DEPOSIT ,logo• BULK SAMPLING 11311to METALLURGICAL TESTING & FLOW SHEET DESIGN ENGINEERING & ECONOMIC STUDIES uuw ,uum uunn ,louts uum ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY, CONTROL & PERMITS num gogoan uulolo uww .aw ADMINISTRATION & SUPPORT gouty nuw ,uun, ngou,• ugou, DEVELOPMENT & CONSTRUCTION DESIGN & ENGINEERING loll,,, 86121#181 ,,,,,,,, CONSTRUCTION OF SURFACE FACILITIES ............. gogo,•o PRE -PRODUCTION STRIPPING 1181181111111 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL ,•gogolo 11111811161611141 ADMINISTRATION & SUPPORT ,,,,loll ,,,,,,,, o,,,,o, DISCOVERY START OF PRODUCTION Assumptions: 20,000 tons per day open pit mine, average pre -stripping of waste material no unusual Infrastructure problems 19 no undue delays In obtaining required governmental permits Figure 6. i'o:21b