HomeMy WebLinkAboutZTA200400002 Staff ReportCOUNTY OF ALBEMARLE
PLANNING STAFF REPORT SUMMARY
Project Name: ZTA 04 -02 Neighborhood
Staff: Elaine K. Echols, AICP, Bill Fritz, AICP,
Model Ordinance Amendments
David E. Pennock, AICP, Stewart Wright
Planning Commission Public Hearing:
Board of Supervisors Public Hearing:
NA
NA
Proposal: Amend the Zoning Ordinance to
Applicant: Staff; however, the Free
modify setback requirements to support
Enterprise Forum and the Cox Company
development in keeping with the
have also made zoning and subdivision text
Neighborhood Model in the Development
amendment requests.
Areas. Recommendations are also made
for Subdivision Ordinance amendments.
RECOMMENDATION: Staff recommends that the Commission review the proposals and
receive input from the public. If the Commission is in agreement with the proposed
changes, the County Attorney's office can work on the text changes while staff continues to
work on the EC issues as well as dealing with setbacks on "parking lot" streets.
PRIMARY STAFF CONTACT:
PLANNING COMMISSION:
Elaine K. Echols, AICP
July 26, 2007
ZTA 04 -02: Zoning Amendment to Setbacks and suggested Subdivision
Changes
ORIGIN: Adoption of the Neighborhood Model in 2001 and directive by Board of
Supervisors to prepare ordinance changes to implement the Neighborhood
Model.
PROPOSAL: The recommended changes are shown in a table on Attachments
A and B. A summary of the changes is shown below:
Amend the Zoning Ordinance for R -1, R -2, R -4, R -6, R -10, and R -15 residential
districts to:
reduce the minimum front, side, and rear setback requirements in non -EC
zoning districts
reduce the setback for encroachments
reduce the building separation requirement between primary structures on
the same lot
add a building separation requirement for primary and accessory buildings
change the measurement method for yards for attached housing and
multi - family developments
make distinctions between public /private Neighborhood Model streets and
"parking lot" private streets
require an entrance to buildings from a public or private (non - parking lot)
street on which the building fronts
allow for zero lot line development by -right using building separation
requirements rather than side yard requirements
Amend the Zoning Ordinance for non EC commercial districts (CO, C -1, and HC)
to:
establish a front yard requirement for public and private streets rather than
a setback from the adjacent public street
reduce the setback /front yard requirement
change the setback requirement for parking areas adjacent to public and
private streets
add a maximum front setback for stand -alone parking adjacent to public
and private streets
require an entrance to buildings from a public or private (non - parking lot)
street on which the building fronts
change screening requirements for parking lots adjacent to public and
private streets
reduce the setback for side and rear lot lines adjacent to rural and
residential districts
allow for further reduction by PC of building and parking setbacks from
adjacent rural and residential districts
allow for the buffer to be disturbed adjacent R -10 and R -15 districts
without going to the PC
augment requirements for vegetation of buffers adjacent to rural and
residential districts
allow for reduction or removal of buffer adjacent to rural and residential
districts
Amend the Zoning Ordinance for non EC industrial districts (LI and HI) to:
establish a front yard requirement for public and private streets rather than
a setback from the adjacent public street
reduce the setback /front yard requirement for internal streets
allow for reduction of or elimination of setbacks and buffers from adjacent
rural and residential districts by PC
Amend the Site Plan section of the Zoning ordinance to:
require sidewalks along public and private streets in the Development
Areas where sidewalks do not currently exist
allow for street trees to be placed in the r.o.w. rather than only on private
property
Suggested Subdivision Ordinance changes:
require that all new public and private (not parking lot) streets in the
Development Areas have curb and gutter, sidewalks and street trees. (At
present, the sidewalk and street tree requirement is only for single - family
residential developments.)
allow for lots to be created which front common open space that is
adjacent to a public street. Zoning regulations will have to change for front
yard measurement as well as require driveway easements that don't act
as private streets.
There are two major issues which haven't been addressed by the staff as of yet.
Setbacks along Entrance Corridors have not been proposed nor have building
setback requirements been proposed in relation to "parking lot streets ". Both of
these items need more work before staff brings them to the public and the
Commission.
PUBLIC PURPOSE TO BE SERVED: The development standards in the Zoning
Ordinance promote a rural /suburban form that is not in keeping with the
Neighborhood Model. In order to make it easier for developers to create the
Neighborhood Model form of development, the zoning ordinance needs to be
amended, especially with regard to setbacks.
BACKGROUND: Since the Neighborhood Model was adopted in 2001, many
ordinance changes have taken place. The first set of changes had to do with
allowing for alleys and shared driveways in the Development Areas. The Zoning
and subdivision ordinance changes related to alleys and shared driveways were
approved in February of 2002.
At the same time, staff was working on development of the Neighborhood Model
District. Text was submitted by an applicant in 2001. This district was reworked
by staff and the Commission and adopted in March of 2003.
The third set of changes began in 2002. They included a major revision to the
parking requirements. Relegated parking was a difficult issue and parking
changes were adopted in February of 2003. They did not include requirements
for relegated parking.
In 2002, staff also began work on more changes to the subdivision ordinance to
require curb and gutter, sidewalks, and interconnections. Work on the
subdivision ordinance changes took three years to adoption. Overlot grading
was a difficult issue and these requirements were not part of the subdivision
ordinance that was adopted. The subdivision ordinance changes were adopted
in April of 2005.
In 2003, while staff was working on subdivision ordinance changes, they were
also working on zoning text changes. In March and May of 2004, staff brought
the recommended changes to the public and held two meetings for input. Less
than ten persons (in combination) attended the two meetings. Work on this
comprehensive set of changes was put on hold while the subdivision ordinance
was under review.
After completing work on the subdivision ordinance, staff immediately began
work on front setback changes in the Development Areas. In August of 2005,
staff brought a set of setback changes to the Planning Commission for a review
and public hearing. Concerns were expressed by the ARB relative to area for
landscaping in front yards in the Entrance Corridor. Some members of the
development community believed that further changes were needed; other
members of the development community said they weren't appropriately included
in development of the changes. As a result, the Commission directed staff to
work with the ARB, set up a joint meeting with the ARB and Commission on
setbacks, provide a new resolution of intent, and bring a comprehensive set of
changes to the zoning regulations related to setbacks.
Since that time, the public has brought two requests to the County relative to
zoning and subdivision ordinance changes. The first request was from the Free
Enterprise Forum to allow for creation of lots that do not have public or private
street frontage. The second request was for the ability to create zero lot line
developments in the R -4 district.
Zoning, Current Development, and Planning staff have been working on the
attached concepts since January 2007. Staff is recommending inclusion of the
concepts of both of these requests in the zoning and subdivision text
amendments.
STAFF COMMENT: A new resolution of intent will be provided at the July 26,
2007 meeting for Commission review. The attached recommendations do not
include zoning text language yet. They do reflect major changes from the current
suburban form of development required by our zoning ordinance.
STAFF RECOMMENDATION: Staff recommends that the Commission review
the proposals and receive input from the public. If the Commission is in
agreement with the proposed changes, the County Attorney's office can work on
the text changes while staff continues to work on the EC issues as well as
dealing with setbacks on "parking lot" streets.
Attachment A: Existing and Proposed Residential Zoning District Standards
Attachment B: Existing and Proposed Commercial and Industrial Zoning
District Standards
Attachment C: Excerpt from Planning Commission Minutes of September
13, 2005
COUNTY OF ALBEMARLE
PLANNING STAFF REPORT SUMMARY
Project Name: ZTA 05 -01 Setbacks
Staff: Elaine Echols — Planning
Bill Fritz — Current Development
Ron Higgins — Zoning
Glenn Brooks — County Engineer
Stewart Wright — Permits Planner
Planning Commission Worksession:
Proposal: Amend the Zoning Ordinance to
March 16, 2010
allow for reduced yards /setbacks in the
Development Areas
Background:
This zoning amendment to help implement the Neighborhood Model began in 2005. It was
preempted by a subdivision text amendment and an amendment to allow for zero lot line
development. The last worksession on this topic was October 20, 2009.
Recommendation:
Staff recommends the Commission review this current proposal for front yards /setbacks
and provide guidance on any changes needed and next steps.
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PRIMARY STAFF CONTACT: Elaine K. Echols, AICP
PLANNING COMMISSION: March 16, 2010
WORKSESSION
ZTA 05 -01: Zoning Text Amendment to Setbacks
ORIGIN: Adoption of the Neighborhood Model in 2001 and directive by Board of
Supervisors to prepare ordinance changes to implement the Neighborhood Model.
PROPOSAL: This worksession is concentrating on proposed changes to the front yard
requirements for all zoning districts in the Development Areas.
PUBLIC PURPOSE TO BE SERVED: The current development standards in the Zoning
Ordinance promote a rural /suburban form that is not in keeping with the Comprehensive
Plan for the Development Areas. In order to make it easier for developers to create a
more urban form of development, the zoning ordinance needs to be amended, especially
with regard to setbacks.
HISTORY: The Neighborhood Model, which was appended to the Comprehensive Plan in
2001, provides guidance on how higher density development can take place without
reducing quality of life. The goal of the Neighborhood Model was to help create places
where people want to live, instead of building in the designated Rural Areas.
A number of zoning and subdivision text amendments to implement the Neighborhood
Model have taken place since 2001. The comprehensive list was provided in the prior staff
report and has been included in the minutes of the October 20, 2009 Planning Commission
meeting. At the October 20 meeting, a worksession was held on staff proposed changes
to rear and side yards /setbacks, buffer areas, and screening. In addition, a concept for
basing the front yard /setback on numbers of street lanes and speed limits rather than by
zoning district was proposed. The Commission generally endorsed this concept and staff
has further refined it for additional Commission input.
STAFF COMMENT:
Front Yards
Attachment A contains a refinement of the recommendations which the Planning
Commission reviewed on October 20. The recommendations for front yards /setbacks are
based on the characteristics of the street on which the lot sits. For example, the front
yard /setback is proposed to be the shallowest on narrow streets with slow moving traffic.
The deepest front yard /setback is proposed on the widest, fastest moving streets, such as
Rt. 29 North and Rt. 250 East. The recommended distances between the travel lanes and
buildings is based on concepts proposed in the Places 29 Master Plan study for the
different sections of streets. Images of the proposed front yards with streetscape will be
shown at the upcoming worksession.
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Streetscape Improvements
In the Development Areas, the long -term expectation is that all streets will have an urban
character with curb /curb &gutter, sidewalks, and street trees. For the short term, this
expectation is for all new streets and some major streets. Sidewalks promote pedestrian
accessibility and public transit as an alternative to the automobile. Street trees in tree
lawns provide separation of pedestrians from traffic. These features represent the
preferred streetscape articulated in the Comprehensive Plan.
To implement this aspect of the Comprehensive Plan, the recommended front yard
distance noted in Attachment A should be added to the ultimate urban street section (with
curb /curb and gutter, tree lawns, trees, and sidewalks) to determine the total distance from
the street's edge to the buildings or projections. If one thinks about the front yard as X and
the area for the proposed ultimate improvements as Y, then the required minimum
distance for building = X + Y.
The ultimate street section can be easily achieved in new development on new streets,
such as has occurred in Old Trail and Belvedere. It will be harder to achieve for new
development and redevelopment along existing streets. It may not yet even be
appropriate in certain places in the Development Areas, such as along Rt. 250 East in
Crozet and Rt. 20 North in Pantops. However, even in these cases, room for the ultimate
improvements should be left available.
Attachment B shows how the recommended front yards and streetscape improvements
would be provided. In the first box, the only proposed change is to the subdivision
ordinance to require sidewalks on all new streets in the Development Areas, where
subdivision takes place, not just new streets in single family subdivisions. The waivers
currently available for new streets in single family subdivisions would then be available to
all new streets in the Development Areas.
The next three boxes on Attachment B deal with existing streets in the Development
Areas. The three categories of existing major streets are:
• Existing major streets with curb /curb and gutter
• Existing major streets with shoulders and ditches that are in areas that are
anticipated to be upgraded to an urban character because of expected
redevelopment or new development in the near term, as indicated in
Comprehensive Plan
• Existing major streets with shoulders and ditches that are not anticipated to be
upgraded to an urban character because of expected longer term development
conditions, as indicated in the Comprehensive Plan.
Major streets are considered to be those that are in the Entrance Corridor (EC) as well
those which provide important connections throughout the Development Areas. Examples
of major non -EC streets would be Berkmar, Proffitt, and the new Main Street in Crozet.
Through master planning in all but urban neighborhoods 4, 5, 6, and 7, the expected streel
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sections for major streets have been identified for the near term. The ultimate major street
sections for the neighborhoods 4, 5, 6, and 7 will be identified with the upcoming
Comprehensive Plan update.
Existing Single Family Residential Neighborhoods
One area which has not yet been discussed is the front yard /setback on streets in existing
developed neighborhoods. In existing developed neighborhoods, there are sometimes
vacant lots or buildings (houses or other buildings) for which additions are proposed. It is
essential that the character of these single family neighborhoods be maintained. If the
streets are a rural section, it is likely they will not convert to an urban section in many
years, if ever. In these circumstances, the front yard requirement should be the same as
the surrounding buildings. Staff is recommending that the Charlottesville provisions for
maintaining the character of existing neighborhoods be used. This proposal is provided in
the fifth box.
Parking Lots
In prior discussions regarding setbacks, a controversial recommendation was to require
that parking lots be "relegated "; that is, parking lots would not be the most prominent
feature adjacent to the street. The Neighborhood Model recommends that parking be to
the side or rear of buildings to help create a better relationship of the buildings and
pedestrians to the street.
At present, parking lots can be set back 10 feet from the r.o.w., but buildings must be set
back a minimum of 25' for residential districts, 30' for commercial districts, and 50' for
industrial districts. With these requirements, parking has typically located in front of
buildings to make the most efficient use of the property.
To better provide for the potential that parking will not have to be "forced" to the front of
buildings, but in recognition of the controversy that relegated parking has created, staff's
recommendation would simply allow the buildings and parking to have the same setback. .
STAFF RECOMMENDATION: Staff recommends the Commission review the current
proposal for front yards /setbacks and provide guidance on any changes needed. Staff will
then proceed to a roundtable with interested parties and report the results of that
roundtable back to the Commission before scheduling a public hearing.
Attachment A: Proposed Minimum Front Yards dated 3 -16 -10
Attachment B: Proposed Streetscape and Front Yards in the Development Areas
dated 3 -16 -10
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Proposed Minimum Front Yards
ATTACHMENT A
The front yard requirement for parking lots is proposed to be the same as for buildings.
*The sidewalk may be widened and the tree planting area lessened an equal amount width to achieve the same distance. In no case shall the tree
planting area be less than 6 feet in width, unless tree wells are used in lieu of a tree lawn.
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2 — 3 lanes,
2 — 3 lanes, where
4 — 5 lanes
6 — 7 lanes
8 — lanes
where speed limit is <
posted speed limit
(includes turn
(includes turn
(includes turn
or = 25 mph OR speed
is > 25 mph
lanes that are
lanes that are
lanes that are not
limit is > 25 mph
(includes turn lanes
not "through-
not "through-
"through - lanes ")
posted and there are
that are not
lanes ")
lanes ")
on- street parking lanes
"throu h- lanes")
Min. front yard — for building
4'
9'
9'
12'
20'
or projections (porches,
stairs, etc.)
Min. front yard /driveway
Maximum of 5' or
Maximum of 5' or
NA
NA
NA
length for garages that are
minimum of 18'
minimum of 18'
front - loaded (attached or
detached
Required
Improvements
Min. tree lawn*
6'
6'
8'
10'
12'
Min. concrete* sidewalk OR
5'
5'
8'
8'
8'
Asphalt Pedestrian path
6'
6'
8'
10'
12'
To achieve
Distance of building or
15' with concrete
20' with concrete
25'
30' with concrete
40' with concrete
projections from back of curb
sidewalk
sidewalk
sidewalk; 32'
sidewalk; 44' with
[urban section] or travel lane
16' with asphalt path
21' with asphalt path
with asphalt path
asphalt path
rural section].
The front yard requirement for parking lots is proposed to be the same as for buildings.
*The sidewalk may be widened and the tree planting area lessened an equal amount width to achieve the same distance. In no case shall the tree
planting area be less than 6 feet in width, unless tree wells are used in lieu of a tree lawn.
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Proposed Streetscape and Front Yards in the Development Areas
ATTACHMENT B
All New Streets in the Development Areas, except "parking lot" private streets
Amend subdivision ordinance to require that all new streets in the Development Areas, not just
new streets in single - family developments, have:
a. Curb /curb & gutter, tree lawns, street trees, and concrete sidewalks.
b. Sidewalks in the r.o.w. (public streets).
c. Minimum front yards as listed on the attached table.
No changes are proposed to the current waivers allowed in the subdivision ordinance.
Existing Streets in the Development Areas with curb /curb & gutter not a full urban cross - section
(sidewalks and street trees as indicated on the attached table)
On site development plans for new or redevelopment
a. installation of tree lawns, street trees, and sidewalks would be required with the widths
shown in the attached table. (The property owner would not have to provide these items
in the r.o.w.; however, it might provide for better utility of a lot if these items are provided
in the r.o.w.)
b. if, for some reason it doesn't make sense to install street lawns, street trees, or sidewalk
in the location indicated on the table, administrative waivers will be available. Examples of
places where waivers might be appropriate: steep slopes next to road, lots with more narrow sidewalk
adjacent to the street, utilities that reasonably cannot be relocated
c. if a waiver is provided, sufficient room must be retained between the back of the curb
and the building to provide for the front yard and ultimate improvements in accordance
with the attached table.
Existing streets in the Development Areas with a rural section (shoulder and ditch) which should
transition to urban sections according to the Comprehensive Plan (future map)
On site development plans for new or redevelopment installation of curb /curb & gutter is
desired and may be required if frontage improvements are necessary.
a. tree lawns, street trees, and sidewalks are required, according to the attached table.
Provision of these elements in the right -of -way is desired, but not required.
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b. if, for some reason, provision of the required improvements would be very problematic,
administrative waivers would be available. Examples of places where waivers might be
appropriate: installation of improvements would require major drainage improvements (such as bridges,
box culverts, pipes over 48" diameter), steep topography in or adjacent to the r.o. w. would preclude
installation of any or all components, utilities that reasonably cannot be relocated
c. if a waiver is provided, sufficient room must be retained between the back of the curb
and the building to provide for the front yard and ultimate improvements in accordance
with the attached table.
Existing streets in the Development Areas with a rural section (shoulder and ditch) for which a
transition to an urban section is not indicated in the Comprehensive Plan. (future map)
On site development plans for new or redevelopment
a. Provision of curb, gutter, sidewalk and street trees would be voluntary.
b. Measurement of the front yard would require an assessment of the existing street
conditions to determine the area needed to allow for all four components of an urban
street to be installed at a future date, plus the yard requirement, indicated on the
attached table for the particular street.
Existing streets in the Development Areas — for existing single - family neighborhoods
For building permits for new houses or building additions:
as with the City of Charlottesville:
...on any lot where forty (40) percent or more of the lots located within five hundred
(500) feet in either direction, fronting on the same side of the street, have front yards
greater or less than the minimum front yard specified in subparagraph (a), above, the
required front yard for such lot shall be the average depth of the existing front yards
within five hundred (500) feet....
These recommendations require:
Preparation of a map showing desired street sections based on Master Plans and
Comprehensive Plan
Development of the level of improvement on a site which causes a sidewalk and tree
lawn requirement to "kick — in"
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