HomeMy WebLinkAbout2006-03-20
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Response to Board Questions
FICA
Medicare
VRS
Life Insurance
Health Insurance
Dental Insurance
$72,591
16,977
128,791
o
155,304
5,200
$ 3 78,863
$83,750
19,587
175,064
16,480
1 81,1 88
5,992
$482,060
TOTAL
$11,159
2,610
46,273
16,480
25,884
792
$103,197
15%
15%
36%
17%
15%
27%
*A Transportation Engineer was added during the current budget year, accounting for much
of the increase.
6. How many employees elected health and dental insurance?
The following chart shows the number of local government FTE budgeted for health a d
dental insurance in FY 05/06 and FY 06/07. All vacant and new positions are budgete with
health and dental insurance.
FY06
FY07
Health
520
518
Dental
506
502
7. List the school maintenance projects that are delayed in the new CIP.
CIP Fund Restructuring
Pro. ect
Cale Addition/Renovation
Jouett/Greer Site Reconfi uration
Jouett HVAC
Monticello Auditorium
TOTAL
Revised Bud et
$5,241,000
940,000
1,350,000
6,256,000
$13,787,000
ncrease
750,000
265,000
425,000
725,000
$2 165,000
Ori
CIP Deferred Projects
Pro. ect
FY 05/06
Suildin Services Roof Desi n
Crozet Roof Desi n
ADA Structural Chan es
Woodbrook HVAC Desi n
FY 05/06 Deferred Amount
$20,000
40,000
34,000
62,000
$1 56,000
FY 06/07
Albemarle HS HVAC Desi n
3/17/2006
age 3
.
J Response to Board Questions
Budget drivers in the benefits area are identified in question # 5 and also apply to the
Sheriff's Department.
Budget drivers in the Sheriff's Department for Operating, Capital, and Other areas are shown
below:
FY05/06 FY06/07 Increase %
Salaries: Revised Recom m Rev-Rec Increase
Overtime Waqes $25,500 $35,500 $10,000 39.22<p
Reimbursable Overtime 166,000 200,000 34,000 20.48<p
Total, Salary Drivers $191,500 $235,500 $ 44,000 22.98~
..
Operatinq:
Utilities $0 $21,200 $21,200 100(0
Auto Insurance 13,132 15,685 2,553 19.44(0
Vehicle Fuel 35,500 54,865 19,365 54.55(0
Vehicle Repairs .. 22,400 25,000 2,600 11.61(0
Total, Operating Drivers $71,032 $116,750 $45,718 64.36~
Capital/Other
Vehicle Repl Fund $50,000 $80,795 $30,795 6 1 . 5 9c 0
Transfer:Grant Project 0 6,640 6,640 100.00co
Total, Caoital Drivers $ 50,000 $87,435 $37,435 74.8n
. Overtime Wages - The Sheriff has implemented an on-call policy resulting in an
increase in overtime wages.
. Reimbursable Overtime - Reimbursable overtime is offset by an increase in pi ojected
local revenues.
. Utilities - Utilities expenses relating to the Sheriff's use of the Levy Building he d
formerly been paid within General Services' budget. These expenses have beel shifted
to the Sheriff's budget to provide a more accurate reflection of the costs assoc ~ted
with the Sheriff providing security for the juvenile and Domestic Relations Cou . j&D
Court expenses are shared with the City of Charlottesville.
. Increases seen in other County departments in auto insurance and vehicle fUE I are
also seen in the Sheriff's Department budget.
. Vehicle Repairs - The Sheriff has originally requested replacement of four veh c1es due
to mileage. The recommended budget reflects replacement of two vehicles. A
increase in vehicle repairs is recommended to provide funding for repairs due o this
change.
. Vehicle Replacement Fund - An increase of $1 in the fuel surcharge to fund d e
Vehicle Replacement Fund results in an increase in this line item. This is also s pen in
other departments that have permanently assigned vehicles.
. Transfer - Grant Project - This transfer provides the local match for an antici~ ated
grant to replace bulletproof vests.
9. Please provide information about the salary for the Registrar's position.
The Electoral Board is going through their fourth round of interviews for the registrar
position, but have not been able to find qualified applicants. They have been compilin 9
competitive salary information from some of our other market localities and if a candi ~ate is
3/17/2006 age 5
r
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE 33:366-373 ( 998)
lism, and homicide in Washington state police officers. ~ge-
specific proportionate mortality ratios for arteriosclerotic heart
disease were highest for YOilllger officers.
Vena et al. [1986] found that city of Buffalo J plice
officers had increased rates for arterioslcerotic heart dis ase,
digestive cancers, cancers of the lymphatic and hemat poi-
etic tissues (10-19 years employment), brain cancer and
esophageal cancer. Police had a threefold rate of su cide
compared to municipal worker controls. Feuer and R sen-
man [1986] reported that police and firefighters in New
Jersey had significant increased proportionate mor ~ity
ratios (PMRs) for arteriosclerotic heart disease, dige tive
and skin cancers, and skin diseases. PMRs for cirrhos s of
the liver and digestive diseases increased as duratic ~ of
police service increased. An inverse relationship was I oted
between arteriosclerotic heart disease and latency, indic ting
that police officers most susceptible to heart disease "'ere
affected early in their careers. Demers et al. [1992] om-
pared police and firefighters in three cities in the U ited
States and fOillld police to have higher rates for all caus s of
death combined. An overall increased rate of suicide was
noted in the police, with the highest standardized mort lity
ratios (SMRs) recorded for officers over the age 0 65
(SMR = 301), officers with at least 30 years of service ince
Mortality of a Police Cohort: 1950-1990
John M. Violanti, PhD,* John E. Vena, PhD, and Sandra Petralia, PhD
This study presents findings from an updated retrospective cohort mortality study of male
police officersfrom January 1, 1950 to December 31, 1990 (n = 2,593; 58,474 person-years;
98% follow-up). Significantly higher than expected mortality rates were found for all cause
mortality (Standardized mortality ratio {SMR] = 110; 95% confidence interval [95%
Cl] = 1.04-1.17), all malignant neoplasms (SMR = 125; 95%Cl = 1.10-1.41), cancer of the
esophagus' (SMR = 213; 95%Cl = 1.01-3.91), cancer of the colon (SMR = 187;
95%Cl = 1.29-2.59), cancer of the kidney (SMR = 208, 95%Cl = 1.00-3.82), Hodgkin s
disease(SMR = 313; 95'YoCl = 1.01-7.29), cirrhosis of the liver (SMR = 150; 95%Cl = 1.00-
2.16), and suicide (SMR = 153; 95%Cl = 1.00-2.24). All accidents were significantly lower
(SMR = 53; 95'YoCl = 0.34-0.79). Mortality by years of police service showed higher than
expected rates for (1) all malignant neoplasms in the 1- to 9-years-of-service group; (2) all
causes, bladder cancer; leukemia, and arteriosclerotic heart disease in the 10 to 19-year
group; and (3) colon cancer and cirrhosis of the liver in the over 30 years of service group.
Hypothesesfor findings are discussed. Am. J. Ind. Med. 33:366-373, 1998.
@ 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
KEY WORDS: occupational mortality; police; neoplasms; suicide; epidemiology
INTRODUCTION
An estimated 623,000 sworn police officers are employed in
the United States [U.S. Department of Justice, 1995], yet few
studies of health risks in police work have been conducted. It has
been argued that police officers have increased rates of mortality
as a result of their occupation. Using U.S. census data from 1950,
Guralnick [1963] fOillld standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for
policemen, sheriffs, and marshals to be elevated for arterioscle-
rotic heart disease, suicide, and homicide. Richard and Fell
[1976] found Tennessee police officers to have a high rate of
premature death, suicide, and admission to hospitals. Milham
[1983] found increased rates for cancers of the colon and liver,
diabetes mellitus, arteriosclerotic heart disease, pulmonary embo-
Department of Social and Preventive Medicine. School of Medicine and
Biomedical Sciences. State University of New York at Buffalo. Buffalo, New York
Contract grant spoosor: National Institute of Mental Heatth; Contract grant
number: MH47091-02
'Correspondence to: John M. Violanti, School of Medicine and Biomedical
Sciences. State University of New York at Buffalo. 270 Farber HaD. Buffalo. NY
14214; E-mail:jmvgcj@ritvax.isc.ritedu
Accepted 3 November 1997
@ 1998 Wiley-liss, Inc.
368 Violanti et al.
TABLE I. Mortality Experience of Police Officers, City of Buffalo, 1950-1990
Observed Expected Obsl
Underlying cause of death (8th ICD revision) deaths deaths" Exp 95%CI
All causes of death (001-998) 1,035 937.33 1.10 1.04-1.17"
All malignant neoplasrna (140-209) 247 197.77 1.25 1.10-1.41'
All infective and parasitic disease (001-139) 3 11.93 0.25 0.05-{).73'
Benign neoplasrna (210-239) 4 2.23 1.79 0.48-4.59
Allergic, endocrine. nutritional diseases (240-279) 19 16.71 1.14 0.68-1.79
All diseases of the nervous system and sense organs 9320-389) 4 8.81 0.45 0.12-1.16
All diseases of the circulatory system (390-458) 496 493.84 1.00 0.92-1.10
Arteriosclerotic heart disease (410-413) 359 337.87 1.06 0.96,-1.18
All CNS vascular lesions (430-438) 55 66.92 0.82 0.62-1.07
All respiratory diseases (460-519) 45 64.35 0.70 0.51-0.94'
All diseases of the digestive system (520-577) 47 40.97 1.15 0.84-1.53
Cirrhosis of liver (571) 29 19.32 1.50 1.00-2.16'
All diseases of the genitourinary system (580-629) 11 13.61 0.81 0.40-1.45
All external causes (800-998) 52 66.18 0.79 0.59-1.03
An accidents (800-849) 23 43.45 0.53 0.34-0.79'
Motor vehicle accidents (810) 7 19 0.37 0.15-0.76'
Suicide (900-959)1' 26 16.99 1.53 1.oot -2.24'
'Calculated on the basis oflhe mortality for Us. while males, 1950-1990.
"Police suicide rates are generally understimated. In a separate study. suicide rates were adjusted after a thorough bad<ground review of all case and
by evakJalion of a panel otlkee medical eJaminers ['(lOIanti el al, 1996b).
9S%Cl. 9S% confidence interval.
'P < 0.05.
those employed for only 10-19 years duration (SMR = 117).
Those in the 1- to 9-year (SMR = 145) and 10- to 19-year
(SMR = 140) categories had a significantly elevated rate of
mortality for all malignant neoplasms. Elevated SMRs in the 1-
to 9-year category were fOillld for digestive (SMR = 225) and
colon cancer (SMR = 280). In the 10- to 19-year category,
significantly elevated rates were noted in cancers of the bladder
(SMR = 406), lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues
(SMR = 227), and leukemia (SMR = 347). Brain cancer was
elevated in the 10- to 19-year (SMR = 265) and 30+ years
(SMR = 220) categories. Arteriosclerotic heart disease was
significantly elevated in the 10- to 19-years-of-service category
(SMR = 120). Mortality for cirrhosis of the liver was signifi-
cantly higher in the 30+ year group (SMR = 336). The rate of
suicide was higher than expected during the :first 19 years of
service and again after 30 years of service.
Other Significant Results
Standardized mortality ratios for cirrhosis of the liver
were significantly high for 55- to 69-year-olds during
1970-1990 (SMR = 165). Rates increased as age increased
during that same time period, with an overall significant
SMRofl71. During 1950-1990,55- to 69-year-olds had the
highest overall rate for cirrhosis of the liver (SMR = 180).
Suicide was higher than expected for ages 5-44
(SMR = 201) and for 65+ years of age (SMR = 192 . The
decade with the highest rate of suicide was 1960 1969
(SMR = 243). Suicide rates also increased during the 980s
(SMR = 181). The highest rate of suicide was in th 40+
years of service category (SMR = 163). Overall, inc eased
rates for suicide were noted as years of service increas d.
Latency for selected malignant neoplasms is preser ted in
Table V. With less than 20 years latency, there was a fourfi d rate
of esophageal cancer, a twofold rate of colon cancer, and a
fivefold rate of Hodgkin's disease. For 20-29 years latene) there
was a twofold rate of brain cancer and a foUIfold r te of
Hodgkin's disease. For 30-39 years latency, there was a t\ of old
rate of colon cancer, and a near twofold rate of esop ageal
cancer. A fourfold rate of esophageal cancer, a threefold ate of
bladder cancer, and an approximate threefold rate of leu ernia
were fOillld after 40 years latency.
DISCUSSION
Differences Between the Original anI:
Updated Cohort
This study was conducted to examine updated d:: ta for
a cohort of Buffalo, New York, police officers. The 1 pdate
.
. .
.
370 Violanti et al.
TABLE IV, Cause-Specific Mortality by Years of Service as a Police Officer. City of Buffalo. 1950-1990
v... 01 ...-.ice as. poice dlia!r ,
1-9 11)..19 20-29 30+ . Total
Cau5es III lbsJ lbsJ lbsJ
-(IIlh l:bsI lbsJ
1CD ......... llJs E'J' EJp' 85'%Cl llJs E'J' EJp' 95%Cl llJs E'J' EJp' 95%CI llJs E'J' EJp' 95%Cl llJs E'J' EJp' 95%Cl
M caJSeS (001-~ 176 171.7 l.l12 0.87-1.18 305 260.7 1.17 lD4-1.JlT :m 283 1.09 0.97-1.22 245 221.7 1.11 0.97-1.25 1.035 937.3 1.10 1l3-1.1T
Mma'9at
~ 71 505 1.40 11l9-1.7T 74 65.1 1.14 0.89-1.42 61 532 1.15 OB7-1.47 247 1!l1.7 1.25 ClI-1.41'
(140-;!l9) 42 299 1.45 1.04-1.96'"
DigestNe c:an:or 20 14.9 OBl-2.07 24 17.()2 1.41 090-2.00 17 133 128 0.74-2.1)4 83 54.9 1.51 2ll-1.8T
(150-159) 22 9B 225 1.~3.39" 1.34
Esqlhageal ClllCB" 4 123 325 OB7-aJ2 4 1.61 2.48 U6&-O.J6 1 1.18 O.SS ll.ll1-1.71 10 4.7 2.13 01-3.91'
(150) 1 0.62 1.61 OD2-ll.97
CWl"""",(15~ 7 25 2.8' 1.12-5.76 9 4.6 1.96 0.89-3.71 8 62 123 0.55-254 11 5.5 2.11 1.01-J5T 35 18.76 1.87 Z9-2.59"'
RespnllJ syslom
C3I"OJ 66.82 !l1-152
(1lD-163) 9 7.4 1.22 0.55-2.30 21 16.7 126 0.77-1.92 25 24.1)4 1.1)4 0.67-1.53 28 18.8 1.49 0.98-2.15 82 123
B_c:an:or(1l1ll) 0 O.BB 0 - 5 123 4.00' 1.31-9.48" 1 2.01 U49 U00;...2.76 1 1.74 0.57 UOO7-3.19 7 6.17 1.13 45-2.33
KOley carar (1~ 1 0.74 1.35 0.01-7.51 3 131 3.81 U4&-6.69 2 1.58 127 0.14-4.51 4 1.17 141 0.91-9.75 10 4.BB 2.08 93-3.76
IlI1li1 carar .56-2.88
(191.192) 1 1.15 0.87 UOH.83 4 151 2.65 0.71-6.78 0 1.44 0 - 2 0.91 2.20 024-7.93 7 5 1.40
l~aIII
~
c:an:or 0.63 7&-1.86
(200-209) 3 3.41 0.88 0.17-2.57 11 4B5 227 1.13-4.05" 6 5.33 1.13 U41-2.45 3 4.73 U12-1.85 2 18.53 124
HOO;jki1's _ 0.04-18.5 5 1.00 3.13 Dl-729"
(lOll 2 0.59 3.50 O.Jll-122 2 054 3.70. 0.41-13.4 1 0.3) 3.3J 0 0.14 0. -
lwkenia (204) 0 1.27 0. - 7 2D2 3.41 l.Jl1-7.14' 4 226 1.77 0..47-1.53 0 1.92 0 - 11 7.6 1.45 72-2.58
M_<l""
~
~S8) 89 84.9 IDS D.84-129 149 141.4 1.05 D!9-123 152 1535 0..99 0.83-1.16 107 113B 0.94 U77-1.13 4!l1 493.8 1.01 91-1.09
Arteioscleftticheat
- 95-1.17
{4ID-413) 66 55.7 1.18 0.91-15 118 98.3 1.20 lDl-l.43' 102 10.7.7 0..95 0.77-1.14 73 76.1 D.99 0..75-1.20 359 337.8 1.00
111 respiaDy disease (4lD- O.JO...l.03 22.3 0..49 024-0.B8" 47 64.3 0.73 ~.9T
519) 8 6.99 1.14 0.4!l-225 16 14.6 1.10. 0..62-1.77 12 20.3 0..59 11
DigestNe _ 0.54-1.83 7.(11 155 0..77-2.78 41 40.9 1.15 B4-152
{52ll-577) 8 9.12 O.BB 0.37-1.72 16 132 1.20 0..69-1.96 12 lH 1.05 11
CirtllSisol""liIor
(571) 4 4.31 U93 024-2.37 10 6B 1.46 0..70-2.7 7 5.7 1.21 U4!l-2.53 8 2.4 3.36 1.4H.56" 29 19.3 1.50 .01-2.15"
AI_ causes
1800-998) 15 25.6 0.59 0..32-0.96 22 212 1.1)4 0..65-1.51 9 12.9 0.70 031-1.32 5 6.4 0.78 025-1.82 51 66.1 0..17 57-1Dl
_(950-959) 9 55 1.64 0.74-3.1 10 5.6 1.17 0.65-3.28 4 3.4 1.17 0.31-3Dl 3 1.8 1.69 0..33-4116 26 16.99 1.53 01-224'
CI. 95% confidence interval.
'Calculated on the basis of mortality for US. white males. 1950-1990.
'P< 0.05.
of its members. Previous research has identified the police infrequently fOillld in a healthy worker population [}v cMi-
profession as a job replete with psychological stress, danger, chael, ] 976]. Perhaps stress and stressful traumatic eve o.ts in
rotating shifts, family disruption, and exposure to noxious police work, among other factors, exacerbate disease I
tates
materials (Kroes and Burell, 1975; Blackmore, 1979; Viol- such as cancer or arteriosclerotic heart disease [pato and
anti, 1978; Territo and Vetter, 1981; Vena et aI., 1986). Violanti, 1996].
Chronic psychological stress at work has been identified Stress may also be a precipitant for police s icide
as a possible factor in the etiology of disease. For example, [Violanti, 1996]. Previous research has found elevated rates
stress may be a catalyst for malignancy at selected sites, as of suicide in police officers [McCafferty et aI., 1992; V< na et
stress may be mediated immunologically and lead to the al., 1986; Violanti et al., 1986; Violanti, 1996], and few
onset of cancer [Burgess, 1987; Eysenck, 1988; Fox, 1995]. studies have suggested a lower rate in police 0 licers
Our findings indicated a significantly elevated overall mor- [Josephson and Reiser, 1990}. Our present study su! gests
tality for malignant neoplasms in police officers and elevated that the suicide rates have increased, particularly in tl1 10-
mortality at specific sites. Stress has also been implicated in to 19-years-of-police service category (Table V). Pre ~ious
heart disease [Henry, 1986; Eli and Mostardi, 1986; Eysenck research has fOillld measured stress to peak at approxin ately
et aI., 1991], and our present findings indicate a slightly 13 years of police service [Violanti, 1983}. Also, towa d the
elevated risk of arteriosclerotic heart disease in police end of the ] 0- to 19-year period, many officers be orne
officers. What is interesting is that both all malignant concerned about impending retirement at the 20-year nark.
neoplasms and arteriosclerotic heart disease rates are higher Gaska [1980] found a 100fold risk of suicide among r tired
in officers with fewer years of service (Table IV). This is police officers.
372 Violanti et al.
Although a significant association between these cancer sites
and EMF has not been fOillld in police work, Davis and
Mostifi [1993] found a significant increased rate for testicu-
lar cancer among police officers who reported use of
hand-held radar units inside of the police vehicle. Violanti
(unpublished study) fOillld a 68% increased probability for
all-cause cancer with increased exposure time to police radar
(OR = 1.98, P < 0.05). Officers were, on average, exposed
to radar 74% of the time that they were enforcing speeding
laws. Hand-held radar units (used inside the police vehicle)
had associations with self-reported cancer of the testicle,
breast, and prostate.
Limitations
Our study provided statistical but not necessarily causal
'associations between police work exposure and disease
states. As is true with most retrospective designs, we had
limited data on confounding factors related to lifestyle,
ethnicity, alcohol use, smoking, social class, work condi-
tions, and exposure measures to disease-producing sources.
Our study did, however, allow for evaluation of calendar
year of employment, length of police service, year of initial
employment, and age at start of employment.
When the mortality experience of a working population
such as the police is compared with the U.S. general
population, workers are generally found to have lower
mortality, This is often referred to as the "healthy worker
effect" [McMichael, 1976]. Despite this effect, many police
mortality rates were higher than expected in the general
population that contains the unemployed, ill, and institution-
alized.
Perhaps the best way to deal with the healthy worker
effect is to find a comparison group that is very similar to the
study population except in exposures of interest. Our own
previous research applied this method, using a regional
group of Buffalo, New York, milllicipal workers as controls
for police officers. Observed mortality rates for heart
disease, cancer and suicide were elevated among police in
this previous study to much the same degree as they were in
the present study [Vena et al., 1986]. We were unable to
conduct a similar regional analysis in the present study
because updated information was not available for munici-
pal worker controls.
Our present study found police rates elevated similar to
those of other studies that have compared the police with
control populations. For example, Feuer and Rosenman
[1986] fOillld that police rates were higher than firefighter
mortality rates in all infective, digestive, diabetes, vascular,
and suicide ICD categories. Sardinas et al. [1986] found
significantly elevated ischemic heart disease rates among
police officers as compared to firefighter rates. Gute [1982]
compared police to mortality rates in Rhode Island and
fOillld elevated police rates for myocardial infarction. Mil-
ham [1983] found elevated mortality rates among W~ ~ing-
ton state police in cancers of the large intestine and iver,
cirrhosis of the liver, arteriosclerotic heart disease and
homicide. Dubrow and Wegman [1983] compared olice
with regional controls in 12 occupational mortality st dies.
CanCer of the large intestine was found to have an agg ~gate
elevated rate among police of 1.22. Elevated police I sk of
large intestinal tract cancer was fOillld in four of the even
studies, and malignant melanoma in three of the studie .
Future studies of disease risk among police s ould
include prospective identification of potential COnfOl pders
which affect causal relationships between disease and f>ccu-
pation. Although present findings suggest that police 0 ~cers
have significantly elevated statistical rates for a num er of
diseases, very little is known about contnbuting O( upa-
tional factors to such diseases. If subsequent re earch
reinforces our results, perhaps police administrations night
consider relevant prevention methods for officers to ir clude
health education (alcohol use), physical exercise, and tress
management. The elevated rate of suicide found ~ mong
police officers indicates a need for suicide awa eness
education and increased psychological services in 10lice
work [McCafferty et aI., 1992; Ivanoff, 1994; Vi lanti,
1996]. No simple answers exist for the prevention of d sease
in police work. This study may help in a small ~ ay to
understand some of the long-term health effects c this
occupation and provide a basis for future research.
REFERENCES
Bisby JA {I 977): Absorption ofIead and carbon monoxide in Sydne traffic
policemen. Med J Aust 1:437-439.
Blackmore J (1979): National Institute for Occupational Safety ane Health
study of 2300 police officers. Police 1:47-55.
Bwgess C (1987): Stress and cancer. Cancer Surv 6:403-416.
Capellaro E, Scagliola D, Pira E, Botta GC, Scansetti G (1990: Lead
exposure in underground pistol firing ranges. G ltal Med Lav 12:1 7-161.
Davis R, Mostifi FK (1993): Cluster of testicular cancer in police fficers
exposed to hand-held radar. Am J Ind Moo 24:231-223.
Demers PA, Heyer NJ, Rosenstock L (1992): Mortality among fire gbters
from three northwestern United States cities. Br J Ind Med 49:664- 70.
Dubrow RC, Wegman DH (1983): Setting priorities for cancer rese~ ~h and
control: Synthesis of the results of occupational disease surv iIIance
studies. J 1-1atl Cancer Inst71:1123--1142.
Dubrow RC, Burnett D, Gute C, Brockert J {I 988): Ischemic heart f1isease
and acute myocardial infarction among police officers. J Occ p Med
30:650-654.
Eli DL, Mostardi RA (1986): The effect of recent life events str ss, life
assets, and temperament pattern on cardiovascular risk factors fo Akron
city police officers. J Hum Stress 12:77-91.
Eysenck HJ (1988): Personality, stress and cancer. prediction and rophy-
laxis. Br J MedPsychoI61:57-75.
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Charlottesville:NA~22 01
March 24, 2006
County Board of Supervisors
Albemarle County Office Building
Preston Avenue
Charlottesville, VA 22901
Regards: The Albemarle County ACE Program
I do not believe most people in Albemarle County understand the ACE land conservation
gram. If it is understood by the middle income taxpayer they should be protesting with the
of Supervisors, Now they are increasing the amount of tax dollars going into this, unfair pr
where you take from the smaller land owner to give to the larger.
I am a low income taxpayer living on a fixed income (social security and a very small pensi ) and
my county real estate taxes increase each time by 15 to 30 percent. These increases are part y
necessary due to the ACE program. The county takes my tax dollars to pay wealthy land 0 ners
(you must offer at least 50 acres to be considered) to buy construction easements on land t ey do
not intend to subdivide. Then they reduce the tax rate forever and I am again subsidizing t is. I
am, also, subsidizing reduced taxes on farm land and forestal land. Why, even the Monticel 0
Foundation put recently purchased land into an easement for a lower tax rate. You must k ow
they had no intention of subdividing this land.
If land owners want to place an easement on their land that is find with me. I just don't thi
should be paid a fee plus reduced taxes with my money,
I know this letter will mean nothing to the supervisors but I hope taxpayers, such as myself,
look into the ACE program and see the absolute unfairness,
Respectfully,
C?J~~~
Charles Garrison
2509 Huntington Road
Charlottesville, VA 22901
Albemarle County 434/973-4602 (anytime)
r'
Yl1lGIfu~
Kenneth C. Boyd
Rivanna
COUNTY OF ALBEMARLE
Office of Board of Supervisors
401 McIntire Road
Charlottesville, Virginia 22902-4596
(434) 296-5843 FAX (434) 296-5800 '
March 21, 2006
, Uhdsay G. Donier, Jr.
Sc.ottsvill.
Dennis S. Rooker
Jack Jouett
The Honorable Delegate Vincent F. Callahan, Jr.
General Assembly Building, Room 947-
PO Box 406
Richmond, VA 23218
Dear Delegate Callahan:
David L. Slutzky
Rio
Sally H. Thomas
Samuel Miller
DaVid C. Wyant .
White Hall
At its meeting on March 15, 2006 the Albemarle County Board of Supervisors unanimously adopted the attached
resolution. We urge you not to stifle our citizens' attempts to preserve important rural land in our fast-gr wing county.
When asked, an overwhelming majority of our residents support protection of our rural ,land. As taxpaye ,they have
consistently supported the Board putting $1.0 million of their money into the purchase of permanent conservation
easements from lower-income family farms.
As you mayor may not know, we depend on private landowners for most of the 60,000 acres of 0 r county that
have been placed under easements. Present incentives, for example, allowed and encouraged the preserva ion of Castle
Hill, a 1 ,585 acr~ historic property. Its easements and other neighbors' easements will preserve the anks of the
Southwest Mountaills"fls.4!3fferson, Madison and Monroe would have seen them.
.:;~,..:.-:-~.
Last year, ~a acres were permanently protected in Albemarle County in the face of strong evelopment
pressures and risin~fiand values. Of that acreage, forty percent was in only three properties. In each cas ,the owners
-eesir-ed to preserve their land, but it was the existence of the tax credits that made it possible to do so. Es ecially when
land is held by extended families, as our large old family farms often are, the conservation-minded sibling need to be
able to offer incentives to less-than-enthusiastic family members to make decisions that entail a finan ial sacrifice.
Virginians and tourists will relish that preserved land for generations to come.
,.
We appreciate the complexity of the tasks facing the legislators~ We urge you to maintain the tax cred- afforded to
landowners through the Virginia Land Conservation Incentives Act. Thank you for your consideration.
Sincerely,
L~~
Dennis S. Rooker, Chairman
. DSR/ewc
Attachment
cc: Budget Conferees
Senator R. Creigh Deeds
Senator Emmett W. Hanger, Jr.
Delegate Watkins M. Abbitt, Jr.
Delegate R. Steven Landes
.Delegate David Toscano
Mr. Steve Blaine
@
Printed on recycled paper '
FY 06/07 Board of Supervisor's Budget
Recurring One-Time
RecurrinQ Reserves
Beginning Board Reserves 885,817
One-Time Funds
FY 05/06 Projected Fund Balance (assuming $0.74 real 6,571, 14
estate tax rate)
Less Budgeted Fund Balance (537, 91)
Subtotal 885,817 6,033, 23
County Executive Adiustments
Regional Jail 53,570
Juvenile Detention 72,560
Emergency Communication Center 101,863
Finance Department (Decals) 45,000
CSA 68,960
CARS - Additional Staffing (195,020)
CARS - City's Cost Share 48,755
OAR - Drug Court (6,790)
CCF (7,867)
Subtotal -- County Executive Adjustments 181,031
, Board of Supervisors Tax Rate ChanQes
Cent Tax Rate Decrease - Impact -
-
Subtotal -- Rate Change -
Board of Supervisors Resource ChanQes
3.1 OD/~ Reassessment 1,608,703
Subtotal -- Resource Change 1,608,703
Transfer to Schools
Transfer to Capital
Juvenile Court (1,995,: 32)
Additional 1/2 Cent (2~ total) (693,772)
Subtotal -- Transfer to Capital (693,772) (1,995,.. 32) I
I
Net Reserves 1,981,779 4,038,E 91 I
I
- Items from Board of Supervisors' Work Sessions
1 Month(s) Northern EMS Staffing (50,000)
-- 1 Additional Police Officer(s) (60,661) (35,E ~3)
One Cent Dedicated to ACE Program (387,543)
ACE Publicity (5,000)
Conservation Easement Promotion (17,000)
ArtlnPlace (General Services Budget) (13,100)
Save the Fireworks (10,000)
Film Festival (3,127)
-- 1. Additional APS Worker(s) (41,902) (4,C 70)
Seventh Bright Stars Program (154,426)
Subtotal -- Work Session Changes (742,759) (39,6 P3)
Recurring Revenues 1,239,020
Remaining One-Time Revenues for Non-recurring Needs 3,999,0 ~8
FY07 BaS Adjustments Budget Worksheet Page 1 of 1 Printed 3/20/2006 1 :56 AM