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HomeMy WebLinkAboutWPO201300004 Assessment - Environmental 2013-01-16 i TERRA ENGINEERING AND 2374 STUARTS DRAFT HIGHWAY,STUARTS DRAFT,VA 24477 r LAND SOLUTIONS, PC PH.(540)337-4591 FAX (540)337-5291 IOW 4. Ivy Creek United Methodist Church County of Albemarle, Virginia A., Erosion & Sediment Control Narrative 31 October 2012 0 Revised 17 June 2013 Project Description vow i The owner of the development is Ivy Creek United Methodist Church. This project will provide a new .., fellowship hall and reconfiguration of the existing gravel parking lot with bumper block parking demarcations. Aar The total acreage of the site is 2.973 acres. The total onsite area to be disturbed by the project will be approximately 1.23 acres. There will be no off-site area disturbed for the project. The total impervious area in ""` post developed conditions will be approximately 0.94 acres. The project is expected to start during the summer ir and be completed within one (1)year. Storm drainage will be handled through small yard drains piped to a , , Bioretention filter; in addition an infiltration trench will capture stormwater to the northeast of the project that currently sheet flows offsite. .. *iv Existing Site Conditions The site has approximately 40,800 square feet of impervious area. The site is a combination of wooded areas *" and grass surrounding two existing church buildings,the church parsonage, sidewalks and gravel parking lot. Located to the East of the site, is the church cemetery. The site slopes down in the eastern and western directions at 5%+/- from a high point located in the center of the property to the front of the existing church building. Areas to be left undisturbed are to be staked and flagged along the limits of clearing and grading: i." Adjacent Areas NOW The site is bounded on the South by Woodlands Road and on the north, east, and west sides by agricultural land use,now or formerly Edgemont Farm LLLP. There appears to be no environmentally sensitive areas. No '"' potential problems are anticipated for the adjacent areas during or after construction. v ,, Off-Site Areas Air No off-site areas will be disturbed. ,,,,, Soils Descriptions IOW The majority of the site is compiled of Hayesville loam having 2 to 7% slopes. The rest of the site is mostly v"' Chester loam having 7 to 15% slopes. See attached USDA NRCS Custom Soil Resource Report. w AW FILE COPY This copy of the approved plan is pPROVEL `" reserved for the official files of b.G' the ibernarle County .... AIburn�:irle County. Please do not ';ommu lty Devel pment Dep%rtn ent rorri,v ttii: Man from the f Dote _e f E�1.013 ANNING.,OVIL ENGINEERING f LAND SUB "\TG W.TE RRAENGINEE RING.NET Amoy Erosion & Sediment Control Narrative Page 2 vow Critical Erosion Areas There appears to be no wetlands, watercourses, springs, etc onsite. The proposed bioretention filter will be a .► critical component of the stormwater management facility. All necessary measures shall be taken to prevent i.e. siltation of the biofilter. The site should have all final stabilization measures in place before the sediment trap is converted to the biofilter. Aar Erosion and Sediment Control Measures vow Unless otherwise indicated, all erosion and sediment control practices will be constructed and maintained according to minimum standards and specifications of the Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook 'for (1992). RESPONSIBLE LAND DISTURBER WILL OBTAIN ALL PERMITS BEFORE giw EXCAVATION IS TO BEGIN. Minimum Standards Installation of all erosion and sediment control measures shall conform to the 1992 Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook. Critical measures required on this project are summarized below: gar 1. Permanent or temporary soil stabilization shall be applied to denuded areas within seven days after final Jaw grade is reached on any portion of the site. Temporary soil stabilization shall be applied within seven days .• to denuded areas that may not be at final grade but will remain dormant for longer than 30 days. Permanent stabilization shall be applied to areas that are to be left dormant for more than one year. VIIPe - 2. During construction of the project, soil stockpiles and borrow areas shall be stabilized or protected with Aw sediment trapping measures. The applicant is responsible for the temporary protection and permanent stabilization of all soil stockpiles on site as well as borrow areas and soil intentionally transported from the go- project site. 3. A permanent vegetative cover shall be established on denuded areas not otherwise permanently stabilized. ,"„ Permanent vegetation shall not be considered established until a ground cover is achieved that is uniform, mature enough to survive and will inhibit erosion. "n' 4. Sediment basins and traps, perimeter dikes, sediment barriers and other measures intended to trap „,w sediment shall be constructed as a first step in any land-disturbing activity and shall be made functional before upslope land disturbance takes place. " 5. Stabilization measures shall be applied to earthen structures such as dams, dikes and diversions .► immediately after installation. 6. Sediment traps and sediment basins shall be designed and constructed based upon the total drainage area to be served by the trap or basin. 7. Cut and fill slopes shall be designed and constructed in a manner that will minimize erosion. Slopes that are found to be eroding excessively within one year of permanent stabilization shall be provided with '"wr additional slope stabilizing measures until the problem is corrected. PLANNING w CIVIL ENGINEERING`LAND SURVEYING W W W.TERRAENGINEERING.NET IOW Erosion & Sediment Control Narrative Page 3 gm, 8. Concentrated runoff shall not flow down cut or fill slopes unless contained within an adequate temporary or permanent channel, flume or slope drain structure. v • 9. Whenever water seeps from a slope face, adequate drainage or other protection shall be provided. ti 10. All storm sewer inlets that are made operable during construction shall be protected so that sediment-laden water cannot enter the conveyance system without first being filtered or otherwise treated to remove w. sediment. 11. Before newly constructed stormwater conveyance channels or pipes are made operational, adequate outlet ..• protection and any required temporary or permanent channel lining shall be installed in both the '•' conveyance channel and receiving channel. 12. When work in a live watercourse is performed,precautions shall be taken to minimize encroachment, control sediment transport and stabilize the work area to the greatest extent possible during construction. Non-erodible material shall be used for the construction of causeways and cofferdams. Earthen fill may be Var used for the structures if armored by non-erodible cover materials. 13. When a live watercourse must be crossed by construction vehicles more than twice in any six-month period, a temporary vehicular stream crossing constructed of non-erodible material shall be provided. 14. All applicable federal, state and local regulations pertaining to working in or crossing live watercourses shall be met. 15. The bed and banks of a watercourse shall be stabilized immediately after work in the watercourse is completed. VOW 16. Underground utility lines shall be installed in accordance with the following standards in addition to other *Or applicable criteria: a. No more than 500 linear feet of trench may be opened at one time. b. Excavated material shall be placed on the uphill side of trenches. c. Effluent from dewatering operations shall be filtered or passed through an approved sediment ""' trapping device, or both, and discharged in a manner that does not adversely affect flowing streams IOW or off-site property. d. Material used for backfilling trenches shall be properly compacted in order to minimize erosion and promote stabilization. e. Restabilization shall be accomplished in accordance with these regulations. f. Applicable safety regulations shall be complied with. 17. Where construction vehicle access routes intersect paved or public roads,provisions shall be made to minimize the transport of sediment by vehicular tracking onto the paved surface. Where sediment is transported onto a paved or public road surface,the road surface shall be cleaned thoroughly every four hours and at the end of each day. Sediment shall be removed from the roads by shoveling or sweeping and transported to a sediment control disposal area. Street washing shall be allowed only after sediment is removed in this manner. This provision shall apply to individual development lots as well as to larger land-disturbing activities. PLANNING*CIVIL ENGINEERING+LAND SURVEYING �"" �� WWW.TERRAENGINEERING.NET Amy Erosion & Sediment Control Narrative Page 4 18. All temporary erosion and sediment control measures shall be removed within 30 days after final site stabilization or after the temporary measures are no longer needed, unless otherwise authorized by the "VW local program authority. Disturbed soil areas resulting from the disposition of temporary measures shall be permanently stabilized to prevent further erosion and sedimentation. 19. Properties and waterways downstream from development sites shall be protected from sediment '`' deposition, erosion and damage due to increases in volume, velocity and peak flow rate of stormwater runoff for the stated frequency storm of 24-hour duration in accordance with the following standards and criteria: a. Concentrated stormwater runoff leaving a development site shall be discharged directly into an adequate natural or man-made receiving channel,pipe or storm sewer system. For those sites where • runoff is discharged into a pipe or pipe system, downstream stability analyses at the outfall of the pipe or pipe system shall be performed. b. Adequacy of all channels and pipes shall be verified in the following manner: "' (1) The applicant shall demonstrate that the total drainage area to the point of analysis within the %sr channel is one hundred times greater than the contributing drainage area of the project in question; or ASV (2) (a) Natural channels shall be analyzed by the use of a two-year storm to verify that stormwater will not overtop channel banks nor cause erosion of channel bed or banks; and (b) All previously constructed man-made channels shall be analyzed by the use of a ten-year storm to verify that stormwater will not overtop its banks and by the use of a two-year storm to demonstrate that stormwater will not cause erosion of channel bed or banks; and 111. (c) Pipes and storm sewer systems shall be analyzed by the use of a ten-year storm to verify that stormwater will be contained within the pipe or system. c. If existing natural receiving channels or previously constructed man-made channels or pipes are not adequate, the applicant shall: Amor (1) Improve the channel to a condition where a ten-year storm will not overtop the banks and a two-year storm will not cause erosion to the channel bed or banks; or "" (2) Improve the pipe or pipe system to a condition where the ten-year storm is contained within the appurtenances; or (3) Develop a site design that will not cause the pre-development peak runoff rate from a two-year storm to increase when runoff outfalls into a natural channel or will not cause the pre- "r development peak runoff rate from a ten-year storm to increase when runoff outfalls into a vow man-made channel; or ,, (4) Provide a combination of channel improvement, stormwater detention or other measures which is satisfactory to the plan-approving authority to prevent downstream erosion. d. The applicant shall provide evidence of permission to make the improvements. e. All hydrologic analyses shall be based on the existing watershed characteristics and the ultimate development of the subject project. A.. f. If the applicant chooses an option that includes stormwater detention he shall obtain approval from the locality of a plan for maintenance of the detention facilities. The plan shall set forth the maintenance requirements of the facility and the person responsible for performing the maintenance. Vow PLANNING.CIVIL ENGINEERING LAND SURVEYING "'�� WWW.TERRAENGINEERING.NET Erosion & Sediment Control Narrative Page 5 g. Outfall from a detention facility shall be discharged to a receiving channel, and energy dissipators tea. shall be placed at the outfall of all detention facilities as necessary to provide a stabilized transition from the facility to the receiving channel. Bio-filter outfall is to be tied into existing drainage system •e�. as shown on plans. h. All on-site channels must be verified to be adequate. i. Increased volumes of sheet flows that may cause erosion or sedimentation on adjacent property shall A` be diverted to a stable outlet, adequate channel,pipe or pipe system, or to a detention facility. `.. j. In applying these stormwater runoff criteria, individual lots or parcels in a residential, commercial or industrial development shall not be considered to be separate development projects. Instead, the development, as a whole, shall be considered to be a single development project. Hydrologic parameters that reflect the ultimate development condition shall be used in all engineering calculations. k. All measures used to protect properties and waterways shall be employed in a manner which minimizes impacts on the physical, chemical and biological integrity of rivers, streams and other waters of the state. • Management Strategies A.. 1. Construction should be sequenced so that grading operations can begin and end as quickly as possible. - 2. The job contractor shall be responsible for the installation and maintenance of all erosion and sediment control practices. 3. Sediment trapping measures shall be installed as a first step in grading and shall be seeded and mulched immediately following installation. '" 4. Areas which are not to be disturbed shall be clearly marked by flags, signs, etc. *iv Temporary Stabilization - Measures 1. Temporary Construction Entrance - E&S Std. & Spec. 3.02 A Temporary Construction Entrance shall be installed as a stabilized stone (VDOT#1)pad with filter fabric underliner to reduce the amount of mud transported onto paved roads. Sediment is to be directed to the sediment trap or sediment basin. All sediment shall be prevented from entering storm drains, ditches �,.. or watercourses. 'o, 2. Construction Road Stabilization- E&S Std. & Spec. 3.03 Construction Road Stabilization shall be installed on roadbeds, contractor staging and parking areas. A �... temporary course of aggregate shall be installed to areas previously described immediately following rough grading. """' 3. Silt Fence - E&S Std. & Spec. 3.05 Silt Fence shall be installed as shown on the plans to intercept and detain sediment from disturbed areas. 4. Storm Drain Inlet Protection- E&S Std. & Spec. 3.07 Storm drain inlet protection shall be installed at all inlets where shown on plans to prevent sediment from «e1r entering storm drainage systems prior to stabilization. NNW IOW y y my PLANNING+CIVIL ENGINEERING*LAND SURVEYING v.e• WWW.TERRAENGINEERING.NET gear Erosion & Sediment Control Narrative Page 6 5. Temporary Diversion Dike—E&S Std. & Spec. 3.09 A Temporary Diversion Dike is to be constructed to direct offsite flow towards the Bio-Filter area and away from the adjacent properties as indicated on the plans. 6. Temporary Sediment Trap—E&S Std. & Spec. 3.13 A Temporary Sediment Trap shall be installed where shown on the plans to detain sediment laden runoff from disturbed areas. r, 7. Temporary Seeding - E & S Std. & Spec. 3.31 Temporary vegetative cover is to be established on rough graded areas that will not be brought to Any final grade for a period of more than 30 days. Such areas include denuded areas, soil stockpiles, dikes, sides of sediment basins, temporary road banks, cut slopes, etc. All areas which are to be temporarily seeded shall be seeded in accordance with Minimum Standards No. 1, and shall be seeded with annual rye grass at 1-1/2 lbs/1,000 sq. ft. (including liming, mulching, fertilizing as required). 8. Soil Stabilization Blankets &Matting—E&S Std. & Spec. 3.36 A soil stabilization blanket shall be installed in areas of critical erosion, specified previously,to aid in controlling erosion and establishing vegetative growth. 9. Tree Preservation& Protection—E&S Std. & Spec. 3.38 Tree protection shall be implemented in areas of existing trees that will be affected by clearing, grading and construction activities.. ``" 10. Dust Control -E&S Std. & Spec. 3.39 Dust Control practices shall be employed to prevent surface and air movement of dust from exposed soil surfaces and reduce the presence of airborne substances which may be harmful or injurious to human health, welfare, or safety, or to animal or plant life. Air Air Permanent Stabilization Aar Measures 1. Permanent Seeding: E&S Std. & Spec. 3.32: All areas disturbed by construction, except areas designated for temporary seeding,will be stabilized with permanent seeding immediately following finish grading. Unless otherwise specified, permanent seeding will be done with Kentucky 31 Tall Fescue, Red Top Grass and a nurse crop of annual or winter rye (including liming, mulching and fertilizing as required) at a total rate of 150 lbs/acre iroy according to E&S Std. and Spec. 3.32 of the 1992 Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook 2. Outlet Protection: E&S Std. & Spec. 3.18: `o"" Outlet Protection shall be provided to prevent scour at the stormwater outlets and to minimize the potential •• for downstream erosion by reducing the velocity and energy of concentrated flows. 3. Mulching-E&S Std. & Spec. 3.35: imy PLANNING CIVIL ENGINEERING.LAND SURVEYING WWW.TERRAENGINEERING.NET .r .rr Erosion & Sediment Control Narrative Page 7 irer Mulch shall be applied to all seeded areas in accordance with E&S Std. & Spec. 3.35. Organic mulches such as straw, wood chips (from trees cleared on site), bark chips and shredded bark may be used. Fiber mulch may be used at times other than dry summer months or late fall, and it may be used to anchor straw mulch. The use of chemical mulches and soil binders will be allowed. Rates of application shall conform to Table 3.35-A of the VESCH. Mulch shall be firmly anchored and checked often for erosion. Any erosion noted shall be quickly rectified and additional mulch applied. Maintenance Schedule All erosion and sediment control measures shall be maintained and repaired as needed until all disturbed areas have been permanently stabilized. Erosion and sediment control measures shall be inspected at least twice "'" weekly, after each rainfall and at least once daily during prolonged rainfall. In general, all erosion and sediment control measures will be checked daily and after each significant rainfall. The following items will be checked in particular: 'sr Measures 1. Temporary Construction Entrance - E&S Std. & Spec. 3.02 a. The entrance shall be maintained in a condition which will prevent tracking or flow of mud onto public rights-of-way. This may require periodic top dressing with additional stone or the washing and Air reworking of existing stone as conditions demand and repair and/or cleanout of any structures used to Air trap sediment. All materials spilled, dropped, washed, or tracked from vehicles onto roadways or into storm drains must be removed immediately. The use of water trucks to remove materials dropped, A"" washed, or tracked onto roadways will not be permitted under any circumstances. 2. Construction Road Stabilization-E&S Std. & Spec. 3.02 a. Both temporary and permanent roads and parking areas may require periodic top dressing with new gravel. Seeded areas adjacent to the roads and parking areas should be checked periodically to ensure that a vigorous stand of vegetation is maintained. Roadside ditches and other drainage structures ,, should be checked regularly to ensure that they do not become clogged with silt or other debris. 3. Silt Fence - E&S Std. & Spec. 3.05 a. Silt fences shall be inspected immediately after each rainfall and at least daily during prolonged Air rainfall. Any required repairs shall be made immediately. Close attention shall be paid to the repair of damaged silt fence resulting from end runs and undercutting. b. Should the fabric on a silt fence decompose or become ineffective prior to the end of the expected usable life and the barrier still be necessary, the fabric shall be replaced promptly. c. Sediment deposits should be removed after each storm event. They must be removed when deposits Air reach approximately one-half the height of the barrier. d. Any sediment deposits remaining in place after the silt fence is no longer required shall be dressed to conform with the existing grade, prepared and seeded. Ao ,, 4. Storm Drain Inlet Protection-E&S Std. & Spec. 3.07 a. The structure shall be inspected after each rain and repairs made as needed. Ayr b. Sediment shall be removed and the trap restored to its original dimensions when the sediments has accumulated to one half the design depth of the trap. Removed sediment shall be deposited in a *If suitable area and in such a manner that it will not erode. Air PLANNING+CIVIL ENGINEERING LAND SURVEYING W W W.TERRAENGINEERING.NET Amy Erosion & Sediment Control Narrative Page 8 c. Structures shall be removed and the area stabilized when the remaining drainage area has been properly stabilized. vir 5. Diversion Dike - E&S Std. & Spec. 3.09 a. Before final stabilization, the diversion should be inspected after every rainfall and at least once every two weeks. Sediment shall be removed from the channel and repairs made as necessary. Seeded IOW areas which fail to establish a vegetative cover shall be reseeded as necessary. „. 6. Temporary Sediment Trap—E&S Std. & Spec. 3.13 a. Sediment shall be removed and the trap restored to its original dimensions when the sediment has accumulated to one half the design volume of the wet storage. Sediment removal from the basin shall be deposited in a suitable area and in such a manner that it will not erode and cause sedimentation •. problems. b. Filter stone shall be regularly checked to ensure that filtration performance is maintained. Stone choked with sediment shall be removed and cleaned or replaced. "”" c. The structure should be checked regularly to ensure that it is structurally sound and has not been damaged by erosion or construction equipment. The height of the stone outlet should be checked to ensure that its center is at least 1 foot below the top of the embankment. 7. Temporary Seeding - E & S Std. & Spec. 3.31 a. Temporary vegetative cover is to be established on rough graded areas that will not be brought to A,,, final grade for a period of more than 30 days. Such areas include denuded areas, soil stockpiles, dikes, sides of sediment basins, temporary road banks, cut slopes, etc. All areas which are to be temporarily seeded shall be seeded in accordance with Minimum Standards No. 1, and shall be ""0r seeded with annual rye grass at 1-1/2 lbs/1,000 sq. ft. (including liming,mulching, fertilizing as required). If no soil test is conducted, site must be limed. Air 8. Permanent Seeding: E&S Std. & Spec. 3.32 a. Even with carefully, well-planned seeding operations, failures can occur. When it is clear that plants have not germinated on an area or have died,these areas must be reseeded immediately to prevent erosion damage. However, it is extremely important to determine for what reason germination did not take place and make any corrective action necessary prior to reseeding the area. Healthy vegetation is the most effective erosion control available. viv 9. Mulching-E&S Std. & Spec. 3.35 a. All mulches and soil coverings should be inspected periodically(particularly after rainstorms)to check for erosion. Where erosion is observed in mulched areas, additional mulch should be applied. Nets and mats should be inspected after rainstorms for dislocation or failure. If washouts or breakage occur,re-install netting or matting as necessary after repairing damage to the slope or ditch. Inspections should take place up until grasses are firmly established. Where mulch is used in conjunction with ornamental plantings, inspect periodically throughout the year to determine if mulch is maintaining coverage of the soil surface; repair as needed. Apr 10. Soil Stabilization Blankets & Matting -E&S Std. & Spec. 3.36 PLANNING`CIVIL ENGINEERING+LAND SURVEYING W W W.TERRAENGINEERING.NET Erosion & Sediment Control Narrative Page 9 Air a. All soil stabilization blankets and matting should be inspected periodically following installation, particularly after rainstorms to check for erosion and undermining. Any dislocation or failure should be repaired immediately. If washouts or breakage occurs, reinstall the material after repairing damage •0, to the, slope or ditch. Continue to monitor these areas until which time they become permanently A." stabilized; at that time an annual inspection should be adequate. "ior Calculations for Temporary Erosion and Sediment Control Measures ,,, Please see Temporary Sediment Trap Design on sheet C6.0 of the plan set. TEMPORARY SEDIMENT TRAP TO BE CONVERTED TO THE PERMANENT BIORETENTION POND IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING INSTALLATION OF FINAL STABLILIZATION MEASURES. Stormwater Runoff Considerations See Stormwater Management Report. The developed site will cause an increase in peak runoff rates. Increased • runoff during construction will diverted to the temporary sediment trap as shown on the plans. After • construction increased stormwater runoff will be contained within the proposed Bioretention filter. The owner of the site will be responsible for the maintenance of this facility upon project completion via a maintenance IMP agreement if required. Air w. Mow Air .r. Vair VIOW INF VOW MOW PLANNING ti CIVIL ENGINEERING<LAND SURVEYING WWW.TERRAENGINEERING.NET %b. USDA United States A product of the National Custom Soil Resource Department of Cooperative Soil Survey, '` Agriculture ajoint effort of the United Report for lii., O \ RCS States Department of Agriculture and other Albemarle Federal agencies, State • Natural agencies including the • Resources Conservation Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local Co County, Vi r ' n ' • Service participants • • • • • • • • • • 1w i. • x MEV •411P c. . • 6 ' a • • /! • 010 I, ' , • --- • • \. • ilk...,, • • r, 13 5ft 40 , • .mac • August 16, 2012 I NOW 41.E VIP 4.r Preface 111, Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many ,, different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect,or enhance the environment. Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses.The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying o„ with existing laws and regulations. ,, Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area planning,onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://soils.usda.gov/sqi/) and certain conservation and engineering applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center(http://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app? "' agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil Scientist(http://soils.usda.gov/contact/ law state_offices/). 1r„ Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic 4111. tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground installations. The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department "" of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Aar Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. `y Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available through the NRCS Soil Data Mart Web site or the NRCS Web Soil Survey. The Soil 4r Data Mart is the data storage site for the official soil survey information. The U.S. Department of Agriculture(USDA)prohibits discrimination in all its programs " and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited iew bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means 2 vow low w for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.)should contact USDA's TARGET Center at(202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a ,,r complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 lo" (voice) or(202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and ... employer. IOW VOW lir ANY Aar law II Or IOW IMO alow w.. .r w 3 VOW IOW wr VOW Contents Preface 2 40, How Soil Surveys Are Made 5 Soil Map 7 Soil Map 8 Legend 9 Map Unit Legend 10 Map Unit Descriptions 10 mar Albemarle County, Virginia 12 14B—Chester loam, 2 to 7 percent slopes 12 14C—Chester loam, 7 to 15 percent slopes 12 36B—Hayesville loam, 2 to 7 percent slopes 13 36C—Hayesville loam, 7 to 15 percent slopes 14 References 16 Aar Ago ANIOr VOW INV w,. IOW •.r Aar m.. 4 NNW How Soil Surveys Are Made Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas in a specific area.They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and A.' the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity. Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share `ro common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA. The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous Asir areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the landform,a soil scientist develops a concept,or model,of how they were formed.Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the landscape. —. Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil — scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only Aur a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries. Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to "` identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the 5 w.. Custom Soil Resource Report saw sow siow individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and slow research. sow The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the saw objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique e.y combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of "ow the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes w the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and IOW landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. •r Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map. mow The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and sow experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soil- landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller number of sow measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded. These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of sow sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from one point to another across the landscape. sow saw Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct sow measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other properties. sow While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally Ayr are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils ;, in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from so"' field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil. s"` Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such ,,, variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil "' scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have ,,,, a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date. After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the — survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and identified each as a specific map unit.Aerial photographs show trees, buildings,fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately. 6 *r. w w mow Air Soil Map Asw The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil wr map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols IOW displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit. low Amy law *r. w.• IOW Mar*.r wr 7 vow w v b yaw io e 80 M OD law OZZLZZ4 OOZLZZ4 09LLZZV 09LLZZ4 09LLZZV OZLLZZ4 OOLLZZ4 4,9£A£.8L „9£,0£.9L VW 1,..law F1 i/ n m 4 yam. .0 n r 0co N r it,.., ... , . ..7., ., . iiir m m ..... 44 .. 0 +I n I VI/ S Iliko __ n O VW Q N O CD 0:s LL g P+ INV W 8 d d it NCO �O co 2 LL O O 0 o 03 n 0 M co rrE Q 8 �, \ 8 U iZ — r 0 yaw — 8 a y E-- x NIW N oo O a n � '; y Q O 0 0 E. vego 8`s c.':'N�� .1,3 N _{Cpp l 0 0 r try INV o s co at4` Z� IIIW „44,0£.8L .... ,. <..._.__: ._ ._._�i eitn,De XL �� OZZ LZZ4 OOZ LZZb OBLLZZb 09LLZZb Ob LL '- OOLLZZb IOW a b b io i� Co M ilar 4110+ r 'NW .r w (0 E C co o c ow ff) a) O N (a t 7 N f�6 w > a) .o fn wry N- c`$oc� cEI 0 ° v 3c `o a°i f0 �cpvc°> c� ° 26 a) o•,- Vii` y a) m .� 0 8 !n y 1.= , 'c rn tf�,� O-O 7 'Ca� G — .6 a)• Z = U O U N N O lir O X E as m y co V f0 i�o w as .ys m O c — 'a .0 i.co 'c o EMI a) y co N /12 rn y Z Z 2,O U_ E O G °� 3 . ° ccoE caa oaz Q > N -16 a ° � . m O ���p 'a y O �' o o r 3 fa .N Q O fa w O . 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N u_ m yuy Z Y( O c s, , , a O CD a 3 g-- i.0 .rr J '+ Q O c d e. p ca 0 ac ''�/ E r W d cc0 Z j 03 a a '') > > d y N = as 3 v O O w a low O c m i6 8 Cl. n . a ?• _ ° `o O m 16 o fn co .. y f,_ °a a O V N N L C Y 'o L a) V < T Q m 1i 3 >, N > > 'o m E m 0 0 •c c > Y ° v 'o c d < co c m oa 0 0 0 c� J J co M M d CO CO COO N in N 0 fn cO O. low c o - d r ® X • ? • 0 4 © 0 > + . , Ill 0 .,,; -w Iii ar. d N a Q N VIII ,ti✓' ■111r Custom Soil Resource Report Map Unit Legend tor Albemarle County,Virginia(VA003) *or Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AO1 14B Chester loam,2 to 7 percent slopes 0.2 4.9% 14C Chester loam,7 to 15 percent slopes 1.1 26.1% 36B Hayesville loam,2 to 7 percent slopes 2.8 68.6% err 36C Hayesville loam,7 to 15 percent slopes 0.0 0.3% VOW Totals for Area of Interest 4.0 100.0% MP' A. Map Unit Descriptions The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the *OW maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit. A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils.On the landscape, VP' however,the soils are natural phenomena,and they have the characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently,every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas r for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils. Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different management.These are called contrasting,or dissimilar,components.They generally low are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified "r by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the •,,, contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape. low The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness - or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic .�., classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If war- 10 low a.r Custom Soil Resource Report Amy intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to "O" define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. 'e" An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties and qualities. +rr Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for "m'" differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons Now that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement. Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such "" differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the g,,, detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0 IOW to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series. Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups. A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all a,. areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example. 40.0 An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha- "' Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. vow An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that — could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of °"° the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be .— made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example. vor Amiw Air ler 11 VOW V.. Custom Soil Resource Report Albemarle County, Virginia 14B—Chester loam, 2 to 7 percent slopes vgy Map Unit Setting Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days vow Map Unit Composition ,,, Chester and similar soils: 80 percent Description of Chester Setting INF Landform: Hillslopes Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Residuum weathered from granite and gneiss Properties and qualities Slope:2 to 7 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches A`` Drainage class:Well drained A„ Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches — Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None — Available water capacity: Moderate (about 6.9 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability(nonirrigated): 2e Typical profile 0 to 7 inches: Loam 7 to 41 inches: Clay loam ..► 41 to 79 inches: Loam Air Ver 14C—Chester loam, 7 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Setting Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days a.. Map Unit Composition Chester and similar soils: 80 percent Air .r NOW 12 Custom Soil Resource Report Aar °o' Description of Chester Setting ,r, Landform: Hillslopes Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Residuum weathered from granite and gneiss Properties and qualities ,+,, Slope: 7 to 15 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Drainage class:Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches ler Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None - Available water capacity: Moderate (about 6.9 inches) "' Interpretive groups Allow Land capability(nonirrigated): 3e 40,. Typical profile 0 to 7 inches: Loam 7 to 41 inches: Clay loam 41 to 79 inches: Loam Aar 36B—Hayesville loam, 2 to 7 percent slopes Map Unit Setting Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days Map Unit Composition low Hayesville and similar soils: 80 percent Aar- Description of Hayesville Setting Landform: Hillslopes 440.• Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Residuum weathered from granite and gneiss Properties and qualities Slope:2 to 7 percent mow Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches 13 Air Custom Soil Resource Report maw Drainage class:Well drained "40., Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None A,,,„ Frequency of ponding: None Available water capacity: High (about 10.6 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability(nonirrigated): 2e Typical profile 0 to 7 inches: Loam 7 to 58 inches: Clay 58 to 67 inches: Sandy clay loam . 67 to 83 inches: Fine sandy loam vow MOW ,.. 36C—Hayesville loam, 7 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Setting law Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F l" Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days Map Unit Composition .r• Hayesville and similar soils: 80 percent Description of Hayesville Setting �.. Landform: Hillslopes •.� Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve `r Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Residuum weathered from granite and gneiss Properties and qualities Slope: 7 to 15 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to high ley (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) �, Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water capacity: High (about 10.6 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability(nonirrigated):4e y.. Typical profile 440, 0 to 7 inches: Loam Aar AMY 14 yew � References American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials(AASHTO).2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. 24th edition. American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00. Apr, Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FWS/OBS-79/31. Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States. Air Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States. Hurt,G.W.,and L.M.Vasilas,editors.Version 6.0,2006. Field indicators of hydric soils in the United States. National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries. Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://soils.usda.gov/ Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy:A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http://soils.usda.gov/ Aor Soil Survey Staff. 2006. Keys to soil taxonomy. 10th edition. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://soils.usda.gov/ Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands ,, Section. ,,, United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical Report Y-87-1. — United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National forestry manual. http://soils.usda.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National range and pasture handbook. http://www.glti.nres.usda.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. '— National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. http://soils.usda.gov/ `"" United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296. "ir http://soils.usda.gov/ ANY ANY 16 Custom Soil Resource Report low United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land mow capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. low Now vow IOW Air Y.. Vitt 4110 a.• NNW low mow VOW 17