HomeMy WebLinkAboutSDP201300030 Assessment - Environmental 2013-05-07 LltaHMtnsxlis
LOUSA
ALBEMARLE
NELSON FLUVANNA
Thomas Jefferson Soil and Water Conservation District
706 Forest St, Ste G
Charlottesville, VA 22903
975 -0224
May 24, 2013
TO: Ellie Ray
Planning Department
RE: Soils Report for:
Hollymead Town Center — Block IV
RECEIVED
MAY 30 2013
COMMUNITY
DEV LOPMENT
Soil Map — Albemarle County, Virginia
(Hollymead Town Center Block IV)
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USDA Natural Resources Web Soil Survey 5/24/2013
Conservation Service National Cooperative Soil Survey Page 1 of 3
Soil Map — Albemarle County, Virginia Hollymead Town Center Block IV
Map Unit Legend
Albemarle County, Virginia (VA003)
Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI
47C Louisburg sandy loam, 7 to 15 percent 1.0 16.2%
slopes
65B Pacolet sandy loam, 2 to 7 percent slopes 1.2 20.3%
94B Wedowee sandy loam, 2 to 7 percent 1.5 24.4%
slopes
94C Wedowee sandy loam, 7 to 15 percent 2.4 39.1%
slopes
Totals for Area of Interest 6.0 100.0%
DA Natural Resources Web Soil Survey 5/24/2013
Conservation Service National Cooperative Soil Survey Page 3 of 3
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Roads and Streets, Shallow Excavations, ani'ltawns and Landscaping — ""' Hollymead Town Center Block IV
Albemarle County, Virginia
Lawns and landscaping require soils on which turf and ornamental trees and shrubs
can be established and maintained. Irrigation is not considered in the ratings. The
ratings are based on the soil properties that affect plant growth and trafficability
after vegetation is established. The properties that affect plant growth are reaction;
depth to a water table; ponding; depth to bedrock or a cemented pan; the available
water capacity in the upper 40 inches; the content of salts, sodium, or calcium
carbonate; and sulfidic materials. The properties that affect trafficability are
flooding, depth to a water table, ponding, slope, stoniness, and the amount of sand,
clay, or organic matter in the surface layer.
Information in this table is intended for land use planning, for evaluating land use
alternatives, and for planning site investigations prior to design and construction.
The information, however, has limitations. For example, estimates and other data
generally apply only to that part of the soil between the surface and a depth of 5 to
7 feet. Because of the map scale, small areas of different soils may be included
within the mapped areas of a specific soil.
The information is not site specific and does not eliminate the need for onsite
investigation of the soils or for testing and analysis by personnel experienced in the
design and construction of engineering works.
Government ordinances and regulations that restrict certain land uses or impose
specific design criteria were not considered in preparing the information in this table.
Local ordinances and regulations should be considered in planning, in site
selection, and in design.
Report —Roads and Streets, Shallow Excavations, and Lawns
and Landscaping
[Onsite investigation may be needed to validate the interpretations in this table and
to confirm the identity of the soil on a given site. The numbers in the value columns
range from 0.01 to 1.00. The larger the value, the greater the potential limitation.
The table shows only the top five limitations for any given soil. The soil may have
additional limitations]
Roads and Streets, Shallow Excavations, and Lawns and Landscaping— Albemarle County, Virginia
Map symbol and soil Pct. of Local roads and streets Shallow excavations Lawns and landscaping
name map
unit Rating class and Value Rating class and Value Rating class and Value
limiting features limiting features limiting features
47C— Louisburg
sandy loam, 7 to 15
percent slopes
Louisburg 75 Somewhat limited Somewhat limited Somewhat limited
Slope 0.37 Slope 0.37 Slope 0.37
Cutbanks cave 0.10
65B— Pacolet sandy
loam, 2 to 7 percent
slopes
Pacolet 80 Somewhat limited Somewhat limited Not limited
Low strength 0.10 Too clayey 0.50
Cutbanks cave 0.10
USDA Natural Resources Web Soil Survey 5/24/2013
Conservation Service National Cooperative Soil Survey Page 2 of 3
•
Roads and Streets, Shallow Excavations, anchti uns and Landscaping — 'r✓ Hollymead Town Center Block IV
Albemarle County, Virginia
Roads and Streets, Shallow Excavations, and Lawns and Landscaping— Albemarle County, Virginia
Map symbol and soil Pct. of Local roads and streets Shallow excavations Lawns and landscaping
name map
unit Rating class and Value Rating class and Value Rating class and Value
limiting features limiting features limiting features
94B— Wedowee
sandy loam, 2 to 7
percent slopes
Wedowee 80 Somewhat limited Somewhat limited Not limited
Low strength 0.10 Cutbanks cave 0.10
94C— Wedowee
sandy loam, 7 to 15
percent slopes
Wedowee 80 Somewhat limited Somewhat limited Somewhat limited
Slope 0.37 Slope 0.37 Slope 0.37
Low strength 0.10 Cutbanks cave 1 0.10
Data Source Information
Soil Survey Area: Albemarle County, Virginia
Survey Area Data: Version 9, Jan 20, 2010
US[)A Natural Resources Web Soil Survey 5/24/2013
Conservation Service National Cooperative Soil Survey Page 3 of 3
Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings- Ar„„,,arle County, Virginia . Hollymead Town Center Block IV
Information in this table is intended for land use planning, for evaluating land use
alternatives, and for planning site investigations prior to design and construction.
The information, however, has limitations. For example, estimates and other data
generally apply only to that part of the soil between the surface and a depth of 5 to
7 feet. Because of the map scale, small areas of different soils may be included
within the mapped areas of a specific soil.
The information is not site specific and does not eliminate the need for onsite
investigation of the soils or for testing and analysis by personnel experienced in the
design and construction of engineering works.
Govemment ordinances and regulations that restrict certain land uses or impose
specific design criteria were not considered in preparing the information in this table.
Local ordinances and regulations should be considered in planning, in site
selection, and in design.
Report— Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings
[Onsite investigation may be needed to validate the interpretations in this table and
to confirm the identity of the soil on a given site. The numbers in the value columns
range from 0.01 to 1.00. The larger the value, the greater the potential limitation.
The table shows only the top five limitations for any given soil. The soil may have
additional limitations]
COMMerciat ta.W
Map syr bol and soil t c.`of Dwrell gs . baseme s reF ags with baser nt S alt comma c al uii s
name maR
> Rating claims and Va>ue class and::' :_ <Value Rat
47C— Louisburg
sandy loam, 7 to 15
percent slopes
Louisburg 75 Somewhat iimked Somewhat limited Very limited
Slope 0.37 Slope 0.37 Slope 1.00
65B— Pacolet sandy
loam, 2 to 7 percent
slopes
Pacolet 80 Not limited Not limited Somewhat limited
Slope 0.13
94B— Wedowee •
sandy loam, 2 to 7
percent slopes
Wedowee 80 Not limited Not limited Somewhat limited
Slope 0.13
94C— Wedowee
sandy loam, 7 to 15
percent slopes
Wedowee 80 Somewhat limited Somewhat limited Very limited
Slope 0.37 Slope 0.37 Slope 1.00
t Natural Resources Web Soil Survey 5/24/2013
Conservation Service National Cooperative Soil Survey Page 2 of 3
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Soil Features — Albemarle County, Virginia "r" maw Hollymead Town Center Block IV
Soil Features
This table gives estimates of various soil features. The estimates are used in land
use planning that involves engineering considerations.
A restrictive layer is a nearly continuous layer that has one or more physical,
chemical, or thermal properties that significantly impede the movement of water
and air through the soil or that restrict roots or otherwise provide an unfavorable
root environment. Examples are bedrock, cemented layers, dense layers, and
frozen layers. The table indicates the hardness and thickness of the restrictive layer,
both of which significantly affect the ease of excavation. Depth to top is the vertical
distance from the soil surface to the upper boundary of the restrictive layer.
Subsidence is the settlement of organic soils or of saturated mineral soils of very
low density. Subsidence generally results from either desiccation and shrinkage,
or oxidation of organic material, or both, following drainage. Subsidence takes place
gradually, usually over a period of several years. The table shows the expected
initial subsidence, which usually is a result of drainage, and total subsidence, which
results from a combination of factors.
Potential for frost action is the likelihood of upward or lateral expansion of the soil
caused by the formation of segregated ice lenses (frost heave) and the subsequent
collapse of the soil and loss of strength on thawing. Frost action occurs when
moisture moves into the freezing zone of the soil. Temperature, texture, density,
saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), content of organic matter, and depth to the
water table are the most important factors considered in evaluating the potential for
frost action. It is assumed that the soil is not insulated by vegetation or snow and
is not artificially drained. Silty and highly structured, clayey soils that have a high
water table in winter are the most susceptible to frost action. Well drained, very
gravelly, or very sandy soils are the least susceptible. Frost heave and low soil
strength during thawing cause damage to pavements and other rigid structures.
Risk of corrosion pertains to potential soil- induced electrochemical or chemical
action that corrodes or weakens uncoated steel or concrete. The rate of corrosion
of uncoated steel is related to such factors as soil moisture, particle -size
distribution, acidity, and electrical conductivity of the soil. The rate of corrosion of
concrete is based mainly on the sulfate and sodium content, texture, moisture
content, and acidity of the soil. Special site examination and design may be needed
if the combination of factors results in a severe hazard of corrosion. The steel or
concrete in installations that intersect soil boundaries or soil layers is more
susceptible to corrosion than the steel or concrete in installations that are entirely
within one kind of soil or within one soil layer.
For uncoated steel, the risk of corrosion, expressed as low, moderate, or high, is
based on soil drainage class, total acidity, electrical resistivity near field capacity,
and electrical conductivity of the saturation extract.
For concrete, the risk of corrosion also is expressed as low, moderate, or high. It
is based on soil texture, acidity, and amount of sulfates in the saturation extract.
USDA Natural Resources Web Soil Survey 5/24/2013
Conservation Service National Cooperative Soil Survey Page 1 of 2
Physical Soil Properties — Albemarle County, bopgfnia "o" Hollymead Town Center Block IV
Physical Soil Properties
This table shows estimates of some physical characteristics and features that affect
soil behavior. These estimates are given for the layers of each soil in the survey
area. The estimates are based on field observations and on test data for these and
similar soils.
Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each layer is indicated.
Particle size is the effective diameter of a soil particle as measured by
sedimentation, sieving, or micrometric methods. Particle sizes are expressed as
classes with specific effective diameter class limits. The broad classes are sand,
silt, and clay, ranging from the larger to the smaller.
Sand as a soil separate consists of mineral soil particles that are 0.05 millimeter to
2 millimeters in diameter. In this table, the estimated sand content of each soil layer
is given as a percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is Tess than 2 millimeters
in diameter.
Silt as a soil separate consists of mineral soil particles that are 0.002 to 0.05
millimeter in diameter. In this table, the estimated silt content of each soil layer is
given as a percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters
in diameter.
Clay as a soil separate consists of mineral soil particles that are less than 0.002
millimeter in diameter. In this table, the estimated clay content of each soil layer is
given as a percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is Tess than 2 millimeters
in diameter.
The content of sand, silt, and clay affects the physical behavior of a soil. Particle
size is important for engineering and agronomic interpretations, for determination
of soil hydrologic qualities, and for soil classification.
The amount and kind of clay affect the fertility and physical condition of the soil and
the ability of the soil to adsorb cations and to retain moisture. They influence shrink -
swell potential, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), plasticity, the ease of soil
dispersion, and other soil properties. The amount and kind of clay in a soil also
affect tillage and earthmoving operations.
Moist bulk density is the weight of soil (ovendry) per unit volume. Volume is
measured when the soil is at field moisture capacity, that is, the moisture content
at 1/3- or 1/10 -bar (33kPa or 10kPa) moisture tension. Weight is determined after
the soil is dried at 105 degrees C. In the table, the estimated moist bulk density of
each soil horizon is expressed in grams per cubic centimeter of soil material that is
less than 2 millimeters in diameter. Bulk density data are used to compute linear
extensibility, shrink -swell potential, available water capacity, total pore space, and
other soil properties. The moist bulk density of a soil indicates the pore space
available for water and roots. Depending on soil texture, a bulk density of more than
1.4 can restrict water storage and root penetration. Moist bulk density is influenced
by texture, kind of clay, content of organic matter, and soil structure.
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) refers to the ease with which pores in a
saturated soil transmit water. The estimates in the table are expressed in terms of
micrometers per second. They are based on soil characteristics observed in the
field, particularly structure, porosity, and texture. Saturated hydraulic conductivity
(Ksat) is considered in the design of soil drainage systems and septic tank
absorption fields.
usDA Natural Resources Web Soil Survey 5/24/2013
Conservation Service National Cooperative Soil Survey Page 1 of 5
Physical Soil Properties— Albemarle County, \i" 11/ Sia ■Nrif Hollymead Town Center Block IV
Available water capacity refers to the quantity of water that the soil is capable of
storing for use by plants. The capacity for water storage is given in inches of water
per inch of soil for each soil layer. The capacity varies, depending on soil properties
that affect retention of water. The most important properties are the content of
organic matter, soil texture, bulk density, and soil structure. Available water capacity
is an important factor in the choice of plants or crops to be grown and in the design
and management of irrigation systems. Available water capacity is not an estimate
of the quantity of water actually available to plants at any given time.
Linear extensibility refers to the change in length of an unconfined clod as moisture
content is decreased from a moist to a dry state. It is an expression of the volume
change between the water content of the clod at 1/3- or 1/10-bar tension (33kPa or
10kPa tension) and oven dryness. The volume change is reported in the table as
percent change for the whole soil. The amount and type of clay minerals in the soil
influence volume change.
Linear extensibility is used to determine the shrink -swell potential of soils. The
shrink -swell potential is low if the soil has a linear extensibility of less than 3 percent;
moderate if 3 to 6 percent; high if 6 to 9 percent; and very high if more than 9 percent.
If the linear extensibility is more than 3, shrinking and swelling can cause damage
to buildings, roads, and other structures and to plant roots. Special design
commonly is needed.
Organic matter is the plant and animal residue in the soil at various stages of
decomposition. In this table, the estimated content of organic matter is expressed
as a percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in
diameter. The content of organic matter in a soil can be maintained by returning
crop residue to the soil.
Organic matter has a positive effect on available water capacity, water infiltration,
soil organism activity, and tilth. It is a source of nitrogen and other nutrients for crops
and soil organisms.
Erosion factors are shown in the table as the K factor (Kw and Kf) and the T factor.
Erosion factor K indicates the susceptibility of a soil to sheet and rill erosion by
water. Factor K is one of six factors used in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)
and the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to predict the average
annual rate of soil loss by sheet and rill erosion in tons per acre per year. The
estimates are based primarily on percentage of silt, sand, and organic matter and
on soil structure and Ksat. Values of K range from 0.02 to 0.69. Other factors being
equal, the higher the value, the more susceptible the soil is to sheet and rill erosion
by water.
Erosion factor Kw indicates the erodibility of the whole soil. The estimates are
modified by the presence of rock fragments.
Erosion factor Kf indicates the erodibility of the fine -earth fraction, or the material
less than 2 millimeters in size.
Erosion factor T is an estimate of the maximum average annual rate of soil erosion
by wind and /or water that can occur without affecting crop productivity over a
sustained period. The rate is in tons per acre per year.
Wind erodibility groups are made up of soils that have similar properties affecting
their susceptibility to wind erosion in cultivated areas. The soils assigned to group
1 are the most susceptible to wind erosion, and those assigned to group 8 are the
least susceptible. The groups are described in the "National Soil Survey
Handbook."
USDA Natural Resources Web Soil Survey 5/24/2013
Conservation Service National Cooperative Soil Survey Page 2 of 5
Physical Soil Properties — Albemarle County, \Nejf"nia `.1110, Hollymead Town Center Block IV
Wind erodibility index is a numerical value indicating the susceptibility of soil to wind
erosion, or the tons per acre per year that can be expected to be lost to wind erosion.
There is a close correlation between wind erosion and the texture of the surface
layer, the size and durability of surface clods, rock fragments, organic matter, and
a calcareous reaction. Soil moisture and frozen soil layers also influence wind
erosion.
Reference:
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National soil survey handbook, title 430 -VI. (http: / /soils.usda.gov)
USDA Natural Resources Web Soil Survey 5/24/2013
Conservation Service National Cooperative Soil Survey Page 3 of 5
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Chemical Soil Properties — Albemarle County;'Iginia " Hollymead Town Center Block IV
Chemical Soil Properties
This table shows estimates of some chemical characteristics and features that
affect soil behavior. These estimates are given for the layers of each soil in the
survey area. The estimates are based on field observations and on test data for
these and similar soils.
Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each layer is indicated.
Cation - exchange capacity is the total amount of extractable cations that can be held
by the soil, expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil at neutrality
(pH 7.0) or at some other stated pH value. Soils having a low cation - exchange
capacity hold fewer cations and may require more frequent applications of fertilizer
than soils having a high cation - exchange capacity. The ability to retain cations
reduces the hazard of ground -water pollution.
Effective cation - exchange capacity refers to the sum of extractable cations plus
aluminum expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil. It is
determined for soils that have pH of less than 5.5.
Soil reaction is a measure of acidity or alkalinity. It is important in selecting crops
and other plants, in evaluating soil amendments for fertility and stabilization, and in
determining the risk of corrosion.
Calcium carbonate equivalent is the percent of carbonates, by weight, in the fraction
of the soil Tess than 2 millimeters in size. The availability of plant nutrients is
influenced by the amount of carbonates in the soil.
Gypsum is expressed as a percent, by weight, of hydrated calcium sulfates in the
fraction of the soil less than 20 millimeters in size. Gypsum is partially soluble in
water. Soils that have a high content of gypsum may collapse if the gypsum is
removed by percolating water.
Salinity is a measure of soluble salts in the soil at saturation. It is expressed as the
electrical conductivity of the saturation extract, in deciseimens per meter at 25
degrees C. Estimates are based on field and laboratory measurements at
representative sites of nonirrigated soils. The salinity of irrigated soils is affected
by the quality of the irrigation water and by the frequency of water application.
Hence, the salinity of soils in individual fields can differ greatly from the value given
in the table. Salinity affects the suitability of a soil for crop production, the stability
of soil if used as construction material, and the potential of the soil to corrode metal
and concrete.
Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) is a measure of the amount of sodium (Na) relative
to calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in the water extract from saturated soil paste.
It is the ratio of the Na concentration divided by the square root of one -half of the
Ca + Mg concentration. Soils that have SAR values of 13 or more may be
characterized by an increased dispersion of organic matter and clay particles,
reduced saturated hydraulic conductivity and aeration, and a general degradation
of soil structure.
USDA Natural Resources Web Soil Survey 5/24/2013
Conservation Service National Cooperative Soil Survey Page 1 of 3
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Engineering Properties — Albemarle County, `aimsenia "✓ Hollymead Town Center Block IV
•
Engineering Properties
This table gives the engineering classifications and the range of engineering
properties for the layers of each soil in the survey area.
Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each layer is indicated.
Texture is given in the standard terms used by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
These terms are defined according to percentages of sand, silt, and clay in the
fraction of the soil that is Tess than 2 millimeters in diameter. "Loam," for example,
is soil that is 7 to 27 percent clay, 28 to 50 percent silt, and less than 52 percent
sand. If the content of particles coarser than sand is 15 percent or more, an
appropriate modifier is added, for example, "gravelly."
Classification of the soils is determined according to the Unified soil classification
system (ASTM, 2005) and the system adopted by the American Association of
State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO, 2004).
The Unified system classifies soils according to properties that affect their use as
construction material. Soils are classified according to particle -size distribution of
the fraction less than 3 inches in diameter and according to plasticity index, liquid
limit, and organic matter content. Sandy and gravelly soils are identified as GW,
GP, GM, GC, SW, SP, SM, and SC; silty and clayey soils as ML, CL, OL, MH, CH,
and OH; and highly organic soils as PT. Soils exhibiting engineering properties of
two groups can have a dual classification, for example, CL -ML.
The AASHTO system classifies soils according to those properties that affect
roadway construction and maintenance. In this system, the fraction of a mineral soil
that is less than 3 inches in diameter is classified in one of seven groups from A -1
through A -7 on the basis of particle -size distribution, liquid limit, and plasticity index.
Soils in group A -1 are coarse grained and low in content of fines (silt and clay). At
the other extreme, soils in group A -7 are fine grained. Highly organic soils are
classified in group A -8 on the basis of visual inspection.
If laboratory data are available, the A -1, A -2, and A -7 groups are further classified
as A -1 -a, A -1 -b, A -2 -4, A -2 -5, A -2 -6, A -2 -7, A -7 -5, or A -7 -6. As an additional
refinement, the suitability of a soil as subgrade material can be indicated by a group
index number. Group index numbers range from 0 for the best subgrade material
to 20 or higher for the poorest.
Rock fragments larger than 10 inches in diameter and 3 to 10 inches in diameter
are indicated as a percentage of the total soil on a dry- weight basis. The
percentages are estimates determined mainly by converting volume percentage in
the field to weight percentage.
Percentage (of soil particles) passing designated sieves is the percentage of the
soil fraction less than 3 inches in diameter based on an ovendry weight. The sieves,
numbers 4, 10, 40, and 200 (USA Standard Series), have openings of 4.76, 2.00,
0.420, and 0.074 millimeters, respectively. Estimates are based on laboratory tests
of soils sampled in the survey area and in nearby areas and on estimates made in
the field.
Liquid limit and plasticity index (Atterberg limits) indicate the plasticity
characteristics of a soil. The estimates are based on test data from the survey area
or from nearby areas and on field examination.
USDA Natural Resources Web Soil Survey 5/24/2013
Conservation Service National Cooperative Soil Survey Page 1 of 4
•
Engineering Properties — Albemarle County, Vir'lioRg N rr Hollymead Town Center Block IV
References:
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO).
2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling
and testing. 24th edition.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification
of soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487 -00.
USDA Natural Resources Web Soil Survey 5/24/2013
Conservation Service National Cooperative Soil Survey Page 2 of 4
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