Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutWPO201300058 Assessment - Environmental 2013-08-20 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL NARRATIVE FOR HOLLYMEAD TOWNCENTER — BLOCK C4 August 14, 2013 LOCATION: Tax Map 32, Parcel 41L Rio District, Albemarle County, Virginia OWNER / DEVELOPER: Post Office Land Trust; Charles WM Hurt & Shirley L. Fisher, Trustees PO Box 8147 Charlottesville, VA 22906 PREPARED BY: Dominion Engineering and Design, LLC 172 South Pantops Drive Charlottesville, VA 22903 P: 434.979.8121 F: 434.979.1681 A. MINIMUM STANDARDS (MS): All applicable Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Regulations and Minimum Standards shall be adhered to during all phases of construction. These include, but are not limited to the following: 1. STABLIZATION OF DENUDED AREAS: Permanent or temporary soil stabilization shall be applied to bare areas within seven days after final grade is reached on any portion of the site. Temporary soil stabilization shall be applied within seven days to denuded areas that may not be at final grade, but will remain dormant or undisturbed for longer than 30 days. Permanent stabilization shall be applied at areas that are to be left dormant for more than 1 year. 2. STABILIZATION OF SOIL STOCKPILES: During construction of the project, soil stockpiles shall be stabilized or protected with sediment trapping measures. The applicant is responsible for temporary protection and permanent stabilization of all soil stockpiles on site as well as soil intentionally transported from the project site. 3. PERMANENT VEGETATIVE COVER A permanent vegetative cover shall be established on denuded areas not otherwise permanently stabilized. Permanent vegetation shall not be considered established until a ground cover is achieve that, in the opinion of the county Inspector, is uniform and mature enough to survive to inhibit erosion. 4. TIMING & STABILIZATION OF SILT TRAPPING MEASURES: Sediment basins and traps, perimeter dikes, sediment barriers and other measures intended to trap sediment shall be constructed as a first step in any land disturbing activity and shall be made functional before upslope land disturbance takes place. 5. STABILIZATION OF EARTHEN STRUCTURES: Stabilization measures shall be applied to earthen structures such as dams, dikes and diversions immediately after installation. 6. SEDIMENT TRAPS AND BASINS: A sediment basin shall control surface runoff from disturbed areas that is comprised of flow from drainage areas greater than or equal to three acres. The sediment basin shall be designed and constructed to accommodate the anticipated sediment loading for the land disturbing activity. The outfall device or system device shall take into account the total drainage area flowing through the disturbed area to be served by the basin. 7. CUT AND FILL SLOPES: Cut and fill slopes shall be designed and constructed in a manner that will minimize erosion. Slopes that are found to be eroding excessively within one year of permanent stabilization shall be provided with additional slope stabilizing measures until the problem is corrected. 8. CONCENTRATED RUN-OFF DOWN CUT OR FILL SLOPES: Concentrated runoff shall not flow down cut or fill slopes unless contained within an adequate temporary or permanent channel, flume, or slope drain structure. 1 1 1 9. WATER SEEPS FROM A SLOPE FACE: Whenever water seeps from a slope face, adequate drainage or other protection shall be provided. 10. STORM SEWER INLET PROTECTION: All storm sewer inlets that are made operable during construction shall be protected so that sediment-laden water cannot enter the conveyance system without first being filtered or otherwise treated to remove sediment. 11. STABILIZATION OF OUTLETS: Before newly constructed stormwater conveyance channels are made operational, adequate outlet protection and any required temporary or permanent channel lining shall be installed in both the conveyance channel and receiving channel. 12. WORK IN LIVE WATERCOURSES: When work in a live watercourse is performed, precautions shall be taken to minimize encroachment, control sediment transport and stabilize the work area to the greatest extent possible during construction. Nonerodible material shall be used for the construction of causeways and cofferdams. Earthen fill may be used for these structures if armored by nonerodible cover materials. 13. CROSSING A LIVE WATERCOURSE: When a live watercourse must be crossed by construction vehicles more than twice in any six month period, a temporary stream crossing constructed of nonerodible materials shall be provided. 14. APPLICABLE REGULATIONS: All applicable federal, state and local regulations pertaining to working in or crossing live watercourses shall be met. 15. STABILIZATION OF BED AND BANKS The bed and banks of a watercourse shall be stabilized immediately after work in the watercourse is completed. 16. UNDERGROUND UTILITIES: Underground utilities shall be installed in accordance with the following standards in addition to other criteria: a. No more than 500 linear feet of trench may be opened at one time. b. Excavated material shall be placed on the uphill side of trenches c. Effluent for dewatering operations shall be filtered or passed through approved sediment trapping device, or both, and discharged in a manner that does not adversely affect flowing streams or offsite property. d. Material used for backfilling trenches shall be properly compacted in order to minimize erosion and promote stabilization. e. Restabilization shall be accomplished in accordance with these regulations. f. Applicable safety regulations shall be complied with. 17. CONSTRUCTION ACCESS ROUTES: Where construction vehicle access routes intersect paved public roads, provisions shall be made to minimize the transport of sediment by vehicular tracking onto paved surfaces. Where sediment is transported on to a public road surface, the road shall be cleaned thoroughly at the end of each day. Sediment shall be removed by shoveling or sweeping 2 Y Y and transported to a sediment control disposal area. Street washing shall be allowed only after sediment is removed in this manner. This provision shall apply to individual lots as well as to larger land disturbing activities. 18. TEMPORARY E&S CONTROL MEASURE REMOVAL: All temporary erosion and sediment control measures shall be removed within 30 days after final site stabilization or after temporary measures are no longer needed, unless otherwise authorized by the local program authority. Trapped sediment and the disturbed soil areas resulting from the disposition of temporary measures shall be permanently stabilized to prevent further erosion and sediment. 19. ADEQUACY OF RECEIVING CHANNELS: Properties and waterways downstream from the development site shall be protected from sediment deposition, erosion and damage, due to increases in volume, velocity and peak flow rates of stormwater runoff for the stated frequency storm of 24-hour duration. B1. PROJECT DESCRIPTION: The purpose of this project is to construct 29 townhomes in the area known as Block C4 in Hollymead Towncenter. Parking, access, and a community plaza will also be constructed. Also included is the construction of public water, sanitary sewer main & storm sewer. The total area to be disturbed by this project will be 2.146 acres. In the event drainage areas change during construction, sediment control structures will be reconstructed to adequately protect the new or anticipated drainage area per VESCL. B2. EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS: The site currently vacant and is primarily pasture. B3. ADJACENT AREAS: The site is bounded to the North by Laurel Park Lane, to the West by Timberwood Blvd., and to the East by Meeting Street. B4. SOIL DESCRIPTIONS: See attached Soil Resource Report by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) B5. CRITICAL AREAS: There are no critical slopes or streams on this site. Refer to the Erosion and Sediment Control Plan for more details. B6. EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURES: Unless otherwise indicated, all erosion and sediment control practices will be constructed and maintained according to the minimum standards and specifications as set forth in the Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook, latest edition. The minimum standards of the Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Regulations shall be adhered to unless otherwise waived or approved by variance. TEMPORARY CONSTRUCTION ENTRANCE (CE) — 3.02 An asphalt pad shall be constructed at the entrance of the project site to provide a means of removing sediment from the tires of construction vehicles leaving the work site. The Contractor shall remove any mud from the existing road surface by means of sweeping and shoveling, in the event the stone pad is not adequate in sediment removal. 3 SILT FENCE (SF) —3.05 Silt fencing will be installed as a first step in construction activities. Location and details are shown on the plans. STORM DRAIN INLET PROTECTION (IP) — 3.07 A sediment filter around storm drain inlet to prevent sediment from entering storm drainage systems. Storm drain inlet protection will be installed according to Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control regulations. Location and details are shown on the plans. TEMPORARY DIVERSION DIKE (DD) — 3.09 A temporary diversion dike will be installed before site grading begins, for the purposes of diverting storm and sediment-laden runoff to the appropriate outlet or trapping facility. Location and details are shown on the plans. TEMPORARY SEDIMENT TRAP (ST) — 3.14 Three temporary sediment trap will be installed before site grading begins, for the purpose of detaining sediment-laden runoff from disturbed areas. Location and details of the sediment traps are shown on the plans. DUST CONTROL (DC) —3.39 A variety of methods are available to prevent surface and air movement of dust from exposed soil surfaces and reduce the presence of airborne substances which may present health hazards, traffic safety problems or harm animal or plant life. B7. PERMANENT AND TEMPORARY STABILIZATION: SURFACE ROUGHENING — 3.29 Disturbed areas to be seeded and mulched shall be left in a roughened condition to help decrease runoff velocities and aid in the establishment of vegetation. TOPSOILING —3.30 Topsoil may be stripped from the area to be graded and stockpiles for later use. All stockpiles which will be left dormant for more than 30 days shall be temporarily seeded. A topsoil stockpile may be selected onsite by the developer and shall be temporarily protected with surrounding silt fencing. TEMPORARY SEEDING —3.31 Temporary soil stabilization shall be applied within 7 days to denuded areas that may not be at final grade, but will remain dormant (undisturbed) for longer than 30 days and less than 1 year. This includes, but is not limited to areas such as soil stockpiles. Seeded areas shall be limed when necessary at a rate of 2 tons per acre, and fertilized at a rate of 450 lbs. per acre of 10-20-20 (10 lbs. per 1,000 square feet) or equivalent. A Temporary Seeding Schedule is attached for proper seed selection. PERMANENT SEEDING —3.32 A perennial vegetative covering shall be established on disturbed areas within 7 days of being brought to final grade on areas not otherwise protected.', Selection of the seed mixture shall depend on the time of year it is to be applied according to the Permanent Seed Schedule as shown on the drawing. Seeded areas shall be limed when necessary 4 USDA United States A product of the National Custom Soil Resource iilim Department of Cooperative Soil Survey, Agriculture a joint effort of the United Report for 0 \ RC S States Department of Agriculture and other A l b e m a r l e Federal agencies, State Natural agencies including the Resources Agricultural Experiment County, Virginia Conservation Stations, and local Service participants 1\ 55 ! 4, 4 1 Fff `5 ' t l O f♦1♦111111�Vy,` NI j Ir 57. \\ '1 �• y \N. 1 I l' 0 111 ft `� �` 0. June 20, 2013 Preface Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand,protect,or enhance the environment. Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions.The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses.The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations. Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area planning,onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://soils.usda.gov/sqi/)and certain conservation and engineering applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center(http://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app? agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil Scientist(http://soils.usda.gov/contact/ state_offices/). Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields.A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground installations. The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available through the NRCS Soil Data Mart Web site or the NRCS Web Soil Survey. The Soil Data Mart is the data storage site for the official soil survey information. The U.S.Department of Agriculture(USDA)prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation,genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal,or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means 2 for communication of program information(Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.)should contact USDA's TARGET Center at(202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination,write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice)or(202)720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. 3 Contents Preface 2 How Soil Surveys Are Made 5 Soil Map 7 Soil Map 8 Legend 9 Map Unit Legend 10 Map Unit Descriptions 10 Albemarle County,Virginia 12 65B—Pacolet sandy loam, 2 to 7 percent slopes 12 94B—Wedowee sandy loam, 2 to 7 percent slopes 12 94C—Wedowee sandy loam, 7 to 15 percent slopes 13 References 15 4 r r How Soil Surveys Are Made Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas in a specific area.They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage;the kinds of crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock.They observed and described many soil profiles.A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil.The profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity. Currently,soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate,water resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA. The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the landform,a soil scientist develops a concept,or model,of how they were formed.Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the landscape. Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless,these observations, supplemented by an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship,are sufficient to verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries. Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied.They noted soil color,texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to identify soils.After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their properties,the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile.After the soil scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area,they compared the 5 Custom Soil Resource Report individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and research. The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable proportions.Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of the map unit.The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map. The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soil- landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded.These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of sand, silt,clay,salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from one point to another across the landscape. Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of characteristics for the components.The aggregated values are presented. Direct measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit component.Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other properties. While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests.Soil scientists interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil. Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date. After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and identified each as a specific map unit.Aerial photographs show trees,buildings,fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately. 6 Soil Map The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols displayed on the map.Also presented are various metadata about data used to produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit. 7 4, N N 1° F...- °D W C) co 08SEZZ4 09S ZZ4 04SEZZ4 NS ZZ4 00S UV 080 ZZ4 o ,,9z.9Z,GL o ccoo .,BZ,9Z,BL st N N a r N- ,'" o N a a a N O N N V' a N N NNN r O O 0 O ✓ V N N r ilj'Y m \ O N N O r r O O v )- ' ti o 0 7 O. co O (6 0 0 �a)/ a N 11'O , i■ r OCr) if / CO O = O Wl l a Vi 7 U �� N r 3 / r b N o° V Z. N y r a m N O p N O CJ I.-- L O2, d _ O OJ m Lo O N W O V N P.- r O O 0 O 7 Z a N N r ..LE.9l AL ..LE.9z AA 09SEZZ4 09S£Zl4 04SEZZb OZSEZZ4 00SEZZ4 084EZZ4 i-- r 0 Co 0 a, o m a 'C C1 Co y c a) e no a)— E 1° r tri_ O C N T. U , a y z C_ co 7 Z (a a O coot-)U U U U a) C E T.) a � 2_ y U a)N 4=. r) - 01 L D. U 7. o in Co V) > 'C 00 —-6 a) U) 01 U y a) C y a) N O (0 E Z C U m . O ` U y o ''� ECO Cl) d Co Cl) C V a) U a) y ON U a7 c c°a ) Z r W 0 '51•-•c O j F.. " a) N E (a(a N y y Z < z O U E N Q = 3 "O ca O o. c Q � N a .- O .�.. C y E a) O y z Q N 0 N • 77 a a7 E y 0 Z 7 N @ C y N Um a) c o Qa Oce y yE 3fE0 m a) o m a� u;'> Q > w oL 3 a) a c U� o E2 m a) LL c a) a) - y o o y N E o a)m L a) E Z a 0. O O a) C u) —- - Co ) a) m o Cl) Co a) E c �aoac) C)) o F as Cl) '- a`) -0 ,- < a U a3 y V)'Q N a) J N Q y L a) C a) 2 '� Co E co a O Co > 'n z C m o .N—., o f0 C 0. E o'E m a� acv •@ Co Co o'rnaa)c rn a) o o L a c vi a?>. w m co O a CO o a) o c C E = 0 C m u) a < Co Co r c n N J U) a) y ' U a) U1 a) j C a) a N N C Ts E T 0- a3 a.° Q a3 o a a U .o �) rna E d o a)� ° > > h r °) Z o `� c my co m 2 -2 a> - a) m oEa) E Co L Co C.y c6 a) a) O O 0 L O O 0 ns L co 2 I- W E o_a a E u)3 O f- � U)V) O F- v E o t O a a) fY m U 7 0 u) a) rx B'OA^ V/ N co E a) m 3 a O °a r° U L U) CD CO a/ N O O ' N O 0 U OC fa V) L._ lL _T W ` Y E N hi 2' _ N N N L a) � L L � M C m W Cl) m O > 3 0 c O CO 0 . 0 C o _ D 5 Zi Q To u. m o Z 8 LL a _ • c v) as A (' a F- w J IL - w < 5 co co 41 N E .9 a) `) :4 o 2) ~O (Cl , j co 0- p O D.a C 0 a J a o. 0 T o o m m = ( u T as ,,,o- v (n m at w v > _ LL L ` O ) >, d o ` Q Q -co, a. g 2 > ° > V m w a) c) d U c "O Y m g = w a 7 t- O ` 2 m m N N m _C N a) U m c a) C v v a _ e < U '5 m m U U 0 0 J _) 2 .a d (1 U) U) (.0 (I) () U) U) U) d a O N D ® X • X ® �. -4 N © O a '+" . . 1I' o .�?) �k MI Q N a � Co U) < U) Custom Soil Resource Report Map Unit Legend Albemarle County,Virginia(VA003) Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of A01 65B Pacolet sandy loam,2 to 7 percent 1.01 45.9%1 slopes 94B Wedowee sandy loam,2 to 7 percent 0.5 23.4% slopes 94C Wedowee sandy loam,7 to 15 0.7 30.7% percent slopes Totals for Area of Interest 2.2 100.0% Map Unit Descriptions The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area.The map unit descriptions, along with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit. A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils.On the landscape, however,the soils are natural phenomena,and they have the characteristic variability of all natural phenomena.Thus,the range of some observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class.Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic classes.Consequently,every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils. Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different management.These are called contrasting,or dissimilar,components.They generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with some characteristics of each.A few areas of minor components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data.The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements.The delineation of such segments 10 Custom Soil Resource Report on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties and qualities. Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement. Soils of one series,can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of erosion,and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series.The name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series. Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups. A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps.The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas.Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example. An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar.Alpha- Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar interpretations can be made for use and management.The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up of all of them.Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example. 11 Custom Soil Resource Report Albemarle County, Virginia 65B—Pacolet sandy loam, 2 to 7 percent slopes Map Unit Setting Landscape:Uplands Mean annual precipitation:25 to 65 inches Mean annual air temperature:54 to 59 degrees F Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days Map Unit Composition Pacolet and similar soils: 80 percent Description of Pacolet Setting Landform:Interfluves Landform position (two-dimensional):Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve Down-slope shape:Convex Across-slope shape:Convex Parent material: Residuum weathered from granite and gneiss Properties and qualities Slope:2 to 7 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Drainage class:Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat):Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water capacity:Moderate (about 7.6 inches) Interpretive groups Farmland classification:All areas are prime farmland Land capability(nonirrigated):2e Hydrologic Soil Group: B Typical profile 0 to 6 inches:Sandy loam 6 to 32 inches:Clay 32 to 79 inches: Sandy clay loam 94B—Wedowee sandy loam, 2 to 7 percent slopes Map Unit Setting Landscape: Uplands Mean annual precipitation:25 to 65 inches Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days 12 Custom Soil Resource Report Map Unit Composition Wedowee and similar soils:80 percent Description of Wedowee Setting Landform:Interfluves Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve Down-slope shape:Convex Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Residuum weathered from granite and gneiss Properties and qualities Slope:2 to 7 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Drainage class:Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding: None Available water capacity:Moderate (about 8.0 inches) Interpretive groups Farmland classification:All areas are prime farmland Land capability(nonirrigated):2e Hydrologic Soil Group:B Typical profile 0 to 7 inches:Sandy loam 7 to 11 inches: Sandy clay loam 11 to 30 inches:Clay 30 to 60 inches:Sandy clay loam 94C—Wedowee sandy loam, 7 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Setting Landscape: Uplands Mean annual precipitation:25 to 65 inches Mean annual air temperature:54 to 59 degrees F Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days Map Unit Composition Wedowee and similar soils: 80 percent Description of Wedowee Setting Landform: Interfluves Landform position(two-dimensional): Backslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve 13 Custom Soil Resource Report Down-slope shape:Convex Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Residuum weathered from granite and gneiss Properties and qualities Slope:7 to 15 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Drainage class:Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat):Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table:More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water capacity:Moderate (about 8.0 inches) Interpretive groups Farmland classification:Farmland of statewide importance Land capability(nonirrigated):4e Hydrologic Soil Group: B Typical profile 0 to 7 inches:Sandy loam 7 to 11 inches: Sandy clay loam 11 to 30 inches: Clay 30 to 60 inches:Sandy clay loam 14 pf i References American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials(AASHTO).2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. 24th edition. American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of soils for engineering purposes.ASTM Standard D2487-00. Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FWS/OBS-79/31. Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States. Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States. Hurt,G.W.,and L.M.Vasilas,editors.Version 6.0,2006.Field indicators of hydric soils in the United States. National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries. Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://soils.usda.gov/ Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy:A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http://soils.usda.gov/ Soil Survey Staff. 2006. Keys to soil taxonomy. 10th edition. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://soils.usda.gov/ Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands Section. United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical Report Y-87-1. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National forestry manual. http://soils.usda.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National range and pasture handbook. http://www.glti.nrcs.usda.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. http://soils.usda.gov/ United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States,the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296. http://soils.usda.gov/ 15 M Custom Soil Resource Report United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. 16