HomeMy WebLinkAboutSDP201400013 Assessment - Environmental 2014-03-06 Thomas Jefferson Soil and Water Conservation
,� .,�•*- E} `'. District
706G Forest Street, Charlottesville, VA 22903
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Web Page: wwwlIswcd.org
Louisa Office: 39 Industrial Dr, Louisa, VA 23093
Phone: 540-967-5940 Fax: 540-967-2557
To: Planning Dept—Albemarle County
ATTN: Sarah Baldwin
Date: March 6, 2014
From: Deloris Bradshaw
Re: Soils Report
Soils Report for:
AT&T — Royal Orchard Land Corp
"To exercise leadership in promoting natural resource protection"
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Map Unit Description(Brief,Generated)—Albemarle County,Virginia AT&T-Royal Orchard
Map Unit Description (Brief, Generated)
The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the
soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions in this
report, along with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and
properties of a unit.
A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more
major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas.A map unit is identified and named
according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils.Within a taxonomic
class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the
landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the
characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some
observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class.
Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without
including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made
up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor
components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils.
The Map Unit Description (Brief, Generated)report displays a generated
description of the major soils that occur in a map unit. Descriptions of non-soil
(miscellaneous areas)and minor map unit components are not included. This
description is generated from the underlying soil attribute data.
Additional information about the map units described in this report is available in
other Soil Data Mart reports,which give properties of the soils and the limitations,
capabilities,and potentials for many uses.Also,the narratives that accompany the
Soil Data Mart reports define some of the properties included in the map unit
descriptions.
Report—Map Unit Description (Brief, Generated)
Albemarle County, Virginia
Map Unit:60E—Myersville-Catoctin very stony silt loams,25 to 60 percent slopes
Component: Myersville (60%)
The Myersville component makes up 60 percent of the map unit. Slopes are 25 to
60 percent.This component is on interfluves,foothills,uplands.The parent material
consists of residuum weathered from greenstone. Depth to a root restrictive layer,
bedrock, paralithic, is 40 to 60 inches. The natural drainage class is well drained.
Water movement in the most restrictive layer is moderately high. Available water
to a depth of 60 inches is moderate. Shrink-swell potential is low. This soil is not
flooded. It is not ponded.There is no zone of water saturation within a depth of 72
inches. Organic matter content in the surface horizon is about 1 percent.
Nonirrigated land capability classification is 7e. This soil does not meet hydric
criteria.
Component: Catoctin (30%)
USDA Natural Resources Web Soil Survey 3/6/2014
;ow Conservation Service National Cooperative Soil Survey Page 1 of 2
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1411.00 ‘410,
Map Unit Description(Brief,Generated)---Albemarle County,Virginia AT&T-Royal Orchard
The Catoctin component makes up 30 percent of the map unit.Slopes are 25 to 60
percent.This component is on interfluves,foothills, uplands.The parent material
consists of residuum weathered from greenstone. Depth to a root restrictive layer,
bedrock, lithic,is 20 to 40 inches.The natural drainage class is well drained.Water
movement in the most restrictive layer is high. Available water to a depth of 60
inches is low.Shrink-swell potential is low.This soil is not flooded. It is not ponded.
There is no zone of water saturation within a depth of 72 inches. Organic matter
content in the surface horizon is about 1 percent. Nonirrigated land capability
classification is 7e. This soil does not meet hydric criteria.
Data Source Information
Soil Survey Area: Albemarle County,Virginia
Survey Area Data: Version 10, Dec 11, 2013
USIA Natural Resources Web Soil Survey 3/6/2014
�++ Conservation Service National Cooperative Soil Survey Page 2 of 2
Physical Soil Properties—Albemarle County,Virginia AT&T-Royal Orchard
Physical Soil Properties
This table shows estimates of some physical characteristics and features that affect
soil behavior.These estimates are given for the layers of each soil in the survey
area.The estimates are based on field observations and on test data for these and
similar soils.
Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each layer is indicated.
Particle size is the effective diameter of a soil particle as measured by
sedimentation, sieving, or micrometric methods. Particle sizes are expressed as
classes with specific effective diameter class limits. The broad classes are sand,
silt, and clay, ranging from the larger to the smaller.
Sand as a soil separate consists of mineral soil particles that are 0.05 millimeter to
2 millimeters in diameter. In this table,the estimated sand content of each soil layer
is given as a percentage,by weight,of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters
in diameter.
Silt as a soil separate consists of mineral soil particles that are 0.002 to 0.05
millimeter in diameter. In this table, the estimated silt content of each soil layer is
given as a percentage,by weight,of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters
in diameter.
Clay as a soil separate consists of mineral soil particles that are less than 0.002
millimeter in diameter. In this table, the estimated clay content of each soil layer is
given as a percentage,by weight,of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters
in diameter.
The content of sand, silt, and clay affects the physical behavior of a soil. Particle
size is important for engineering and agronomic interpretations,for determination
of soil hydrologic qualities, and for soil classification.
The amount and kind of clay affect the fertility and physical condition of the soil and
the ability of the soil to adsorb cations and to retain moisture.They influence shrink-
swell potential, saturated hydraulic conductivity(Ksat), plasticity, the ease of soil
dispersion, and other soil properties. The amount and kind of clay in a soil also
affect tillage and earthmoving operations.
Moist bulk density is the weight of soil (ovendry)per unit volume. Volume is
measured when the soil is at field moisture capacity, that is, the moisture content
at 1/3-or 1/10-bar(33kPa or 1OkPa)moisture tension. Weight is determined after
the soil is dried at 105 degrees C. In the table, the estimated moist bulk density of
each soil horizon is expressed in grams per cubic centimeter of soil material that is
less than 2 millimeters in diameter. Bulk density data are used to compute linear
extensibility, shrink-swell potential, available water capacity, total pore space, and
other soil properties. The moist bulk density of a soil indicates the pore space
available for water and roots.Depending on soil texture,a bulk density of more than
1.4 can restrict water storage and root penetration. Moist bulk density is influenced
by texture, kind of clay, content of organic matter, and soil structure.
USDA Natural Resources Web Soil Survey 3/6/2014
"r Conservation Service National Cooperative Soil Survey Page 1 of 4
Physical Soil Properties--Albemarle County,Virginia AT&T-Royal Orchard
Saturated hydraulic conductivity(Ksat) refers to the ease with which pores in a
saturated soil transmit water.The estimates in the table are expressed in terms of
micrometers per second. They are based on soil characteristics observed in the
field, particularly structure, porosity, and texture. Saturated hydraulic conductivity
(Ksat)is considered in the design of soil drainage systems and septic tank
absorption fields.
Available water capacity refers to the quantity of water that the soil is capable of
storing for use by plants.The capacity for water storage is given in inches of water
per inch of soil for each soil layer.The capacity varies,depending on soil properties
that affect retention of water.The most important properties are the content of
organic matter,soil texture,bulk density,and soil structure.Available water capacity
is an important factor in the choice of plants or crops to be grown and in the design
and management of irrigation systems.Available water capacity is not an estimate
of the quantity of water actually available to plants at any given time.
Linear extensibility refers to the change in length of an unconfined clod as moisture
content is decreased from a moist to a dry state. It is an expression of the volume
change between the water content of the clod at 1/3-or 1/10-bar tension(33kPa or
10kPa tension)and oven dryness. The volume change is reported in the table as
percent change for the whole soil.The amount and type of clay minerals in the soil
influence volume change.
Linear extensibility is used to determine the shrink-swell potential of soils. The
shrink-swell potential is low if the soil has a linear extensibility of less than 3 percent;
moderate if 3 to 6 percent;high if 6 to 9 percent;and very high if more than 9 percent.
If the linear extensibility is more than 3, shrinking and swelling can cause damage
to buildings, roads, and other structures and to plant roots. Special design
commonly is needed.
Organic matter is the plant and animal residue in the soil at various stages of
decomposition. In this table,the estimated content of organic matter is expressed
as a percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in
diameter.The content of organic matter in a soil can be maintained by returning
crop residue to the soil.
Organic matter has a positive effect on available water capacity,water infiltration,
soil organism activity,and tilth.It is a source of nitrogen and other nutrients for crops
and soil organisms.
Erosion factors are shown in the table as the K factor(Kw and Kf)and the T factor.
Erosion factor K indicates the susceptibility of a soil to sheet and rill erosion by
water.Factor K is one of six factors used in the Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE)
and the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE)to predict the average
annual rate of soil loss by sheet and rill erosion in tons per acre per year. The
estimates are based primarily on percentage of silt, sand, and organic matter and
on soil structure and Ksat.Values of K range from 0.02 to 0.69.Other factors being
equal,the higher the value,the more susceptible the soil is to sheet and rill erosion
by water.
Erosion factor Kw indicates the erodibility of the whole soil.The estimates are
modified by the presence of rock fragments.
Erosion factor Kf indicates the erodibility of the fine-earth fraction, or the material
less than 2 millimeters in size.
USDA Natural Resources Web Soil Survey 3/6/2014
' Conservation Service National Cooperative Soil Survey Page 2 of 4
Now' ■inue
Physical Soil Properties—Albemarle County,Virginia AT&T-Royal Orchard
Erosion factor T is an estimate of the maximum average annual rate of soil erosion
by wind and/or water that can occur without affecting crop productivity over a
sustained period. The rate is in tons per acre per year.
Wind erodibility groups are made up of soils that have similar properties affecting
their susceptibility to wind erosion in cultivated areas. The soils assigned to group
1 are the most susceptible to wind erosion, and those assigned to group 8 are the
least susceptible. The groups are described in the"National Soil Survey
Handbook."
Wind erodibility index is a numerical value indicating the susceptibility of soil to wind
erosion,or the tons per acre per year that can be expected to be lost to wind erosion.
There is a close correlation between wind erosion and the texture of the surface
layer,the size and durability of surface clods, rock fragments, organic matter, and
a calcareous reaction. Soil moisture and frozen soil layers also influence wind
erosion.
Reference:
United States Department of Agriculture,Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. (http://soils.usda.gov)
USDA Natural Resources Web Soil Survey 3/6/2014
'7,11110 Conservation Service National Cooperative Soil Survey Page 3 of 4
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Soil Features—Albemarle County,Virginia AT&T-Royal Orchard
Soil Features
This table gives estimates of various soil features.The estimates are used in land
use planning that involves engineering considerations.
A restrictive layer is a nearly continuous layer that has one or more physical,
chemical, or thermal properties that significantly impede the movement of water
and air through the soil or that restrict roots or otherwise provide an unfavorable
root environment. Examples are bedrock, cemented layers, dense layers, and
frozen layers.The table indicates the hardness and thickness of the restrictive layer,
both of which significantly affect the ease of excavation. Depth to top is the vertical
distance from the soil surface to the upper boundary of the restrictive layer.
Subsidence is the settlement of organic soils or of saturated mineral soils of very
low density. Subsidence generally results from either desiccation and shrinkage,
or oxidation of organic material,or both,following drainage.Subsidence takes place
gradually, usually over a period of several years.The table shows the expected
initial subsidence,which usually is a result of drainage,and total subsidence,which
results from a combination of factors.
Potential for frost action is the likelihood of upward or lateral expansion of the soil
caused by the formation of segregated ice lenses(frost heave)and the subsequent
collapse of the soil and loss of strength on thawing. Frost action occurs when
moisture moves into the freezing zone of the soil. Temperature,texture, density,
saturated hydraulic conductivity(Ksat), content of organic matter, and depth to the
water table are the most important factors considered in evaluating the potential for
frost action. It is assumed that the soil is not insulated by vegetation or snow and
is not artificially drained. Silty and highly structured, clayey soils that have a high
water table in winter are the most susceptible to frost action. Well drained, very
gravelly, or very sandy soils are the least susceptible. Frost heave and low soil
strength during thawing cause damage to pavements and other rigid structures.
Risk of corrosion pertains to potential soil-induced electrochemical or chemical
action that corrodes or weakens uncoated steel or concrete. The rate of corrosion
of uncoated steel is related to such factors as soil moisture, particle-size
distribution, acidity, and electrical conductivity of the soil. The rate of corrosion of
concrete is based mainly on the sulfate and sodium content, texture, moisture
content,and acidity of the soil.Special site examination and design may be needed
if the combination of factors results in a severe hazard of corrosion.The steel or
concrete in installations that intersect soil boundaries or soil layers is more
susceptible to corrosion than the steel or concrete in installations that are entirely
within one kind of soil or within one soil layer.
For uncoated steel, the risk of corrosion, expressed as low, moderate, or high, is
based on soil drainage class, total acidity, electrical resistivity near field capacity,
and electrical conductivity of the saturation extract.
For concrete, the risk of corrosion also is expressed as low, moderate, or high. It
is based on soil texture, acidity, and amount of sulfates in the saturation extract.
USDA Natural Resources Web Soil Survey 3/6/2014
.". Conservation Service National Cooperative Soil Survey Page 1 of 2
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