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HomeMy WebLinkAboutSUB201600008 Bond Reduction Road Plan and Comps. 2017-05-11Briarwood Phase 4 and portion of Phase 6 Road and Infrastructure Construction Bond Estimate (roads, site work, storm sewer) Plan # SUB201600008 Item No. Unit Unit Cost Cost installed % compete cost remaining Sunset Drive Begin station 10+20.00 End station +00.00 road length 1480.0 ft aggregate base in of 1480.0 it L 24.0 ft W 828.8 ton $25.00 $20,720.00 33% $13,882.40 blotted or prime&double seal 1480.0 it L 0.0 ft W 0.0 sy $10.00 $0.00 0% $0.00 asphalt base in of 1480.0 it L 24.0 ft W 652.7 tons $85.00 $55,477.80 33% $37,170.13 asphalt surface in d 1480.0 it L 24.0 ft W 543.9 tons $95.00 $51,670.50 0% $51,670.50 curb CG -2 W0.0 ft $13.00 $0.00 0% $0.00 curb CG -6 960.0 ft $15.00 $44,400.00 33% $29,748.00 sidewalk, concrete (6') 2920.0 ft $17.00 $49,640.00 3% $48,150.80 ramp CG -12 2each $350.00 $700.00 0% $700.00 street name sign 1 each $200.00 $200.00 0% $200.00 traffic control sign 4 each $200.00 $800.00 0% $800.00 Street Landscape ■Each 27 each $150.00 $4,050.00 0% $4050.00 guardrail ES @ 3000 140.0 ft $17.00 $5,380.00 0% $5,380.00 drop inlet or grate 18 each $3,500.00 $63,000.00 50% $31,500.00 standard manhole frame top (not inlet) 0 each $500.00 $0.00 0% $0.00 manhole structure (per ft. rise) 162 ft $450.00 $72,900.00 50% $36,450.00 pipe, rcp, cmp (15 to 48") _ 15.0 in of ES -1,2 0 EC -1 618.0 ft $35.00 $21,630.00 75% $5,407.50 pipe, rcp, cmp (15 to 48") 24.0 in d ES -1,2 0 EC -1 1067.0 ft $50.00 $53,350.00 20% $42,680.00 pipe, rcp, cmp (15 to 48") 30.0 in of ES -1,20 EC -1 40.0 ft $65.00 $3,100.00 0% $3,100.00 pipe, rcp, cmp (15 to 48") 18.0 in d ES -1,2 EC -1 0.0 ft $40.00 $0.00 0% $0.00 pipe, rcp, cmp (60 to 108") 96.0 in d 0 ES -1,2 EC -1 Aft $320.00 $0.00 0% $0.00 rip -rap, placed 2.0 ft of 0.0 ft L H W 0.0 ton $60.00 $0.00 0% $0.00 matting, EC -2 or 3 0.0 ft L ft W 0.0 sy $2.00 $0.00 0% $0.00 clear and grub (for wooded sites) 0.0 ft L ft W 0.0 acre $24,000.00 $0.00 0% $0.00 cut grading cy $4.00 $18,000.00 33% $12,060.00 fill grading cy $9.00 $4,230.00 33% $2,834.10 as -built drawings (1k+price per 0.1 mi.) 1480.0 ft L 0.2803 mi. 3 Isum $2,000.00 $7,000.00 33% $4,690.00 survey and layout (price per 0.1 mi.) 1480.0 ft L 0.2803 mi. 3 Isum $2,000.00 $7,000.00 33% $4,690.00 mobilization 1 Isum $5,000.00 $5,000.00 0% $5,000.00 materials testing 1480.0 ft L 2.96 inc of 500' 4 each $200.00 $800.00 0% $800.00 compaction testing 1480.0 ft L 2.96 inc of 500' 4 each $200.00 $800.00 0% $800.00 CBR tests (1 every 0.1 mi. per road) 1480.0 ft L 2.96 inc of 500' 4 each $200.00 $800.00 0% $800.00 stone depth inspections 1480.0 ft L 2.96 inc of 500' 4 each $200.00 $800.00 0% $800.00 pavement inspections 1480.0 ft L 2.96 inc of 500' 4 each $200.00 $800.00 0% $800.00 pipe and drainage video inspections 1725 ft $1.00 $1,725.00 0% $1,725.00 VDOT surety (1 lane) 1480.0 ft L 0.2803 mi. 2 Lanes $2,000.00 $11,212.12 0% $11,212.12 VDOT maintenance fee (1 In rd, 1 yr) 1480.0 ft L 0.2803 mi. Lanes $150.00 $840.910% $840.91 VDOT admin. Cost recovery fee(1 lane) 1480.0 ft L 0.2803 mi. Lanes $100.00 $810.61 0% $810.61 $506,836.94 $358,752.06 cost sum contingency $50,683.69 $35,875.21 Total $557,530 $394,630 C:\Users\mwentland\Documents\SUB201600008 Briarwood Ph4 RP -bond -est -reduced 05-09-17.xls 5/15/2017 Briarwood Phase 4 and portion of Phase 6 Road and Infrastructure Construction Bond Estimate (roads, site work, storm sewer) Plan # SUB201600008 St. Ives Item Begin station 10+00.00 $4,946.67 End station 12+65.qW road length 265.0 ft aggregate base 4.0 in of 265.0 ft L 32.0 ft W blotted or prime&double seal 155.8 tons 265.0 it L 0.0 ft W asphalt base 3. in d 265.0 it L 32.0 ft W asphalt surface $12,335.75 in of 265.0 ft L 32.0 ft W curb CG -2 $13.00 $0.00 curb CG -6 $0.00 450.0 ft sidewalk, concrete (6) $6,750.00 0% ramp CG -12 0.0 ft $17.00 street name sign 0% $0.00 traffic control sign $350.00 $0.00 Street Landscape 6 Each guardrail $200.00 1 ES @ 3000 drop inlet or grate $0.00 0 each standard manhole frame top (not inlet) $0.00 0% manhole structure (per ft. rise) 6 each $150.00 pipe, rcp, cmp (15 to 48") 15. in of 1 ES -1,2 0 EC -1 pipe, rcp, cmp (15 to 48") 24. in of 0 ES -1,2 0 EC -1 pipe, rcp, cmp (15 to 48") 18. in d 0 ES -1,2 0 EC -1 pipe, rcp, cmp (15 to 48") 18. in d 0 ES -1,2 0 EC -1 pipe, rcp, cmp (60 to 108") 96. in of 0 ES -1,2 0 EC -1 rip -rap, placed 2. ft d 0.0 ft L 0.0 ft W matting, EC -2 or 3 $450.00 0.0 ft L 0.0 ft W clear and grub (for wooded sites) $2,700.00 0.0 ft L 0.0 ft W cut grading $4,070.00 0% fill grading 0.0 ft $50.00 as -built drawings (1k+price per 0.1 mi.) 0% 265.0 ft L 0.05019 mi. survey and layout (price per 0.1 mi.) $40.00 265.0 ft L 0.05019 mi. mobilization $0.00 0.0 ft materials testing $0.00 265.0 ft L 0.53 inc of 500' compaction testing 0.0 ft 265.0 ft L 0.53 inc of 500' CBR tests (1 every 0.1 mi. per road) 0% 265.0 ft L 0.53 inc of 500' stone depth inspections $60.00 265.0 ft L 0.53 inc of 500' pavement inspections $0.00 265.0 ft L 0.53 inc of 500' pipe and drainage video inspections $0.00 0% VDOT surety (1 lane) 0.0 acre 265.0 ft L 0.05019 mi. VDOT maintenance fee (1 In rd, 1 yr) 0% 265.0 ft L 0.05019 mi. VDOT admin. Cost recovery fee(1 lane) $4.00 265.0 ft L 0.05019 mi. No. Unit Unit Cost Cost installed % compete cost remaining 197.9 ton $25.00 $4,946.67 0% $4,946.67 0.0 sy $10.00 $0.00 0% $0.00 155.8 tons $85.00 $13,244.70 0% $13,244.70 129.9 tons $95.00 $12,335.75 0% $12,335.75 0.0 ft $13.00 $0.00 0% $0.00 450.0 ft $15.00 $6,750.00 0% $6,750.00 0.0 ft $17.00 $0.00 0% $0.00 0 ft $350.00 $0.00 0% $0.00 0 each $200.00 $0.00 0% $0.00 0 each $200.00 $0.00 0% $0.00 6 each $150.00 $900.00 0% $900.00 120.0 ft $17.00 $5,040.00 0% $5,040.00 1 each $3,500.00 $3,500.00 0% $3,500.00 0 each $500.00 $0.00 0% $0.00 6 ft $450.00 $2,700.00 0% $2,700.00 102.0 ft $35.00 $4,070.00 0% $4,070.00 0.0 ft $50.00 $0.00 0% $0.00 0.0 ft $40.00 $0.00 0% $0.00 0.0 ft $40.00 $0.00 0% $0.00 0.0 ft $320.00 $0.00 0% $0.00 0.0 ton $60.00 $0.00 0% $0.00 0.0 sy $2.00 $0.00 0% $0.00 0.0 acre $24,000.00 $0.00 0% $0.00 -cy $4.00 $0.00 0% $0.00 cy $9.00 $0.00 0% $0.00 1 Isum $2,000.00 $3,000.00 0% $3,000.00 1 Isum $2,000.00 $3,000.00 0% $3,000.00 _""M Isum $5,000.00 $5,000.00 0% $5,000.00 2 each $200.00 $320.00 0% $320.00 2 each $200.00 $320.00 0% $320.00 2 each $200.00 $320.00 0% $320.00 2 each $200.00 $320.00 0% $320.00 2 each $200.00 $320.00 0% $320.00 ft $1.00 $102.00 0% $102.00 Lanes $2,000.00 $2,007.58 0% $2,007.58 Lanes $150.00 $150.57 0% $150.57 Lanes $100.00 $350.38 0% $350.38 cost sum $68,697.64 $68,697.64 contingency $6,869.76 $6,869.76 Total $75,570 $75,570 C:\Users\mwentland\Documents\SUB201600008 Briarwood Ph4 RP bond est reduced 05-09-17.xls 5/15/2017 200 GARRETT ST,SUITE K CHARLOTTESVILLE VA 22902 COLLINS 'kw' 434.293.3719 PH 434.293.2813 FX www.collins-engineering.com May 11,2017 County of Albemarle Department of Community Development 401 McIntire Road, Room 227 Charlottesville,VA 22902 RE: Briarwood Phase 4&6 Road As-Builts—Engineer's Certification for Road Bond Reduction Please allow this letter to serve as an engineer's certification for the bond reduction of the road bond for the Briarwood Phase 4 and 6 road plan project. Sunset Drive(between stations 19+40 and 32+00)and Jersey Pine Ridge(between stations 10+00 and 19+00) have been constructed and completed in accordance with the approved plan. CBRs, and stone depth reports have been provided to Albemarle County for the construction of these roadways. The storm sewer has also been installed per VDOT and Albemarle County standards and requirements. All the stone and concrete have been installed per the plan. Asphalt has been placed on the roadways, installed per VDOT standards and requirements. The wall systems have been installed per the plan. A separate letter from a certified structural engineer will be submitted to certify wall construction to approved plan standards. Cconcrete sidewalks,CG-12s,and road signs have also been installed,see as-built drawings for locations. The road as-built plans have been completed (survey provided by Lincoln Surveying)and the as-built plans have been submitted and reviewed by Albemarle County. It is my professional opinion that these sections of Sunset Drive and Jersey Pine Ridge have been constructed substantially in accordance with the approved plans and in compliance with applicable regulations and requirements. Sincerely, Scott Collins, PE L ■ GEO-TERRAIN ORGANIZATION YOUR GOAL FOUNDED ON OUR INFDRMAINC.N" g September 19,2016 United Land Company Attn: Hunter Wood PO Box 5548 Charlottesville,Virginia 22905 RE: Roadway 5ubgrade Conditions Briarwood Phase 14 Albemarle County, Virginia GTO Project No.:13G-120-032 Dear Mr.Wood: As requested, Geo-Terrain Organization, Inc. (GTO) has visited the above referenced project site to check as-constructed conditions of the roadways under construction.Roadways checked as part of this project include the new section of Sunset Drive extending to approximate station 25+00.GTO obtained subgrade samples at previously un-sampled areas and returned them to our laboratory for subgrade stability analysis in general accordance with VTM-8(California Bearing Ratio). Our staff has exercised the degree of care normally associated with a project of this type.All inspections were performed in general accordance with 2012 IBC Section 2.704 requirements for special Inspections.Test results indicate the subgrade soils,when properly compacted to Virginia Department of Transportation requirements for subgrade soils.do have a CBR value that is in excess of 5, utilized as the baseline design value on the set of county approved plans. Please see the attached laboratory data sheets for additional Information. Thank you for the opportunity to assist you in this capacity. If you have any questions regarding this letter, please do not hesitate to contact our office. Sincerely,' .,, ,.., Geo-Te - r-ge _ - zee- 'fi 1�" Adi • i e... • 'ete . F-n- P.E. }ADO G echnical Engineer '11 Cr,? d t C;'GTO DOcuments/GTO G.otschnIcal 2013/130420-032,'Briarwood CBR utter 9.19-18,dx 'w I?'e)N.11t,'�.- 1 CD-A INTERSTATE BUSINESS PARK FREDERICKSBURG, VA 22405 *OFFICE.: 540-36e•5724•FAX: 54D-35B-5725 BEARING RATIO TEST REPORT VTM-008 (2005) 200 1 ///. / Z 160 / i . 0.6 - a S .21 / R 8 p ...• /re I ..---"--- g / w .----- 1 .---- I /.1 V g O. / . i 1 r ! l I , 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.5 0 24 48 72 96 Penetration Depth (in.) Elapsed Time(hrs) Molded Soaked CBR MI Linearity on. ...A Max. Danalty Percent of Moisture Density Percent of Moisture CIO Correction — 91- Swell W 0.20 In. (11m) We) Max.Dna. 1%) (pcf) MaxMes.Dens. MIn I On.) (iii) 1 0 1130.0 99.9 20.2 99.4 993 22.6 8.4 7,9 0.000 10 0.5 2 ..... _ . . ,. ....._ - 3D Material Description Max. Optimum USCS Dena. Moisture LL PI (PcfL Mt Brown and Light Brown silty fine to medium grained Sand,trace gravel SM 100.1 20.3 41 2 — Project No: 13G-120-032 Test Description/Remarks: Project Briarwood Phase IA COT Fill Standard Proctor Compaction Source of Sample: Sunset Dri v e Station 2200,6 Sample Number: 14 Depth: subgrade Date:9-19-16 BEARING RATIO TEST REPORT Geo-Terrain Organization Figure • Moisture Density Relationship 105 -14" VAST I 11111174. 100r.-\\ 95— • 90 • 85 Sp.G. 80 2.65 8 13 18 23 28 33 Water content, % -Rock Corrected -c - -Uncorrected Test specification: ASTM D 698-12 Method A Standard ASTM D 4718-87 Oversize Corr.Applied to Each Test Point Elev/ Classification Nat. %a %< Depth USCS AASHTO Moist. Sp.G. LL PI #4 No.200 suhgrade SM A-5(0) 20.6 2.65 41 2 0.9 41.6 ROCK CORRECTED TEST RESULTS UNCORRECTED MATERIAL DESCRIPTION Maximum dry densi Brown and Light Brown silty fine to ty= 100.1 pcf 99.7 pcf medium grained Sand,trace gravel Optimum moisture=20.3 % 20.4% Project No. 13G-120- Client: United Land Company Remarks: Project. Briarwood Phase to COT Fill c:Source of Sample: Sunset Drive Station 22+00 Sample Number: 14 Geo-Terrain Organization Figure Particle Size Distribution Report 4 o ss 100 ri, 'i I ` fi 1 1 I 1 ,1 I " I li i I I 90 1 1 1 1 i I I, I I 1 I 1, 80 1 I 11 �I I 1 I11 70 1 i I1 I ; 3 � I, 1 I 1 t ; 1 ILI 50 I I i f ! f I i , z . �i I I " I' I /I Z 50 -L i '( t I` I ` t u.r 1 1 I I , I` 1 I I I ccI I � ' I I r 40 CL " , ' I - ------� i ;I i' 1 I I IC I I: I I ! 1-- I I 20 —....1___ L- .- w l ! ! . ___ 1 II 1 I 1 ; 1 I t€i 10 ° sj ?! 0 - 1 1 1 I i i I tl 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0,001 GRAIN SIZE;-mm. i %+8" %Gravel %Send I %Fines Coarse Fine Coarse Midium Fine Silt Slay 0.0 0.0 0.9 1.3 7.2 49.0 41.6 —_i SIEVE PERCENT SPEC.* PASS? Material Description SIZE FINER PERCENT (X=NO) Brown and Light Brown silt)fine to medium grained Sand, .375 100.0 trace gravel #4 99.1 #10 97.8 #40 90.6 Atterberg Limits #200 41.6 P1.= 39 LL= 41 PI= 2 Coefficients D90=0.4099 085=11.3146 D80=0.1289 D50=0.0957 Dap= Dig= D10= Cu= Cc= Classification USCS= SM AASHTO- A-5(0) Ramada * (no specification provided} Source of Sample: Sunset Drive Station 224-00 Depth:subgnuic Sample Number: 14 Date: 9-19-16 Client: United Land Company Geo-Terrain Organization Project: Briarwood Phase IA CO POI Project No: 13G-120-032 Figure John Y. Gooch, P.E. C]'�3ch. s``'''` Steve Gooch, C.P.GJA.O.S.E. Jvgagooch-cng.com 1 spg@gooch-eng.com Matthew P. Gooch, P.E. "' � Phone (434) 293-7449 mpg@gooch-eng.com 40..V L Ii-zc. Fax (434) 293-5137 1821 Broadway Street Charlottesville, Virginia 22902 www.gooch-eng.com July 30,2012 Hunter Wood United Land Corp. P.O. Box 5548 Charlottesville, Virginia 22905 Re: CBR Tests Briarwood Phases 1A-1, 1B-1, 4&8 Jersey Pine Ridge Sta. 0- 50 and Sta. 2,-50 Job Code: 3100 Albemarle County, Virginia Dear Hunter, Enclosed are the results of two (2) CBR tests that represent the tests we have run to date on soil samples from the referenced site. We have enclosed the moisture-density (compaction) curves, the sieve analysis results, and the stress-strain curves. Our personnel performed sampling in the field. We trust this is the information you need. If there are any questions, please let us know. Sincerely: Gooch Engineering&Testing, Inc. Steve Gooch Encl. stir' stud �, CBR TEST REPORT 3 821 Broadway Strect n Cir i n e e r it n g Chart tttsvitic,VA 22902 �x b Phonc 434-293-7449 & e s t I n g, i n c. FAx x 434-293-5137 Date: 7/19/12 By: HPP Project: Briarwood Phase 1A-1. 1B-1,4&8 Job No.: 3100 Sample: Locat.: Jersey Pine Ridge Sta.0+50 Description: Brown silty sand AASHO T-99 X Max.Dry Dens. 103.2 pot, Opt. Moisture 17.1 AASHO T-180 Cylinder No. 9 Cylinder Ht. 4.584 in. Cylinder Vol. 0.0744 cult. Cylinder Wt. 9.01 Hammer Wt. 5.5 lb No. Lifts 3 Blows/lift 50 Surcharge Wt. 10 lb. DENSITY AND MOISTURE DATA As Compacted After Soaking Can No. Al A2 A25 A26 Wt.wet sample+can, gm. 68.58 68.69 68.67 68.61 Wt.dry sample+can,gm. 61.60 81.88 61.03 60.77 Wt. water...gm. 6.98 8.81 7.64 7.84 Wt.can.gm. 21.27 21,05 21.27 21.05 WI dry soil,gm. 40.33 40.83 39.76 39.72 Percent moisture 17.31 17.0 16.68 19.22 19.5 19.74 Wt.mold+wet soil,Ib. 18.21 18.52 Wt.wet soil, lb. 9.20 9.51 Wet density of soil, pcf. 123.66 127.10 Dry density of soil, pcf. 105.70 106.38 Percent max. lab density 102.4 103.1 PENETRATION DATA SWELL DATA Penetration Load in. lb. Dial reading before soaking 0.011 in 0.000 0 Dial reading after soaking 0.037 in 0.025 90 Swell 0.026 in 0.050 190 Percent Swell 0.57 % 0.075 305 Volume after soaking 0.0748 cu.ft. 0,100 410 0.150 565 0.200 655 CBR= (410/3000)=13.7 0.300 870 0.400 1030 0.500 1165 Sire 'two' IS oz. o I I I a 1 I 3 1 1, L o i 1 1 t I a CD 1 C9 1 /14110 1 CX 0c C ° 42) i = L a. m i G i!I E ea1 (NI Ia 1 O 1 j 1 'F ppO o G O C r n pee- R s r i 1 c c ciM I 0+ c ƒ . . . . 1 9 - -i o E / 3 1 1 a © y — m . I = . . , _ * . . \ . . . . / k _ , cA d 3 k 5lz a. c c & . . . ' . : - e 1 ` ® � , 1 \ 2 vt 1 . i � i \ % . . . 9 I . t .. . � . . . ; i i m 0 2 o / o F g 3 o / c.c.c 0. a ET Set ISNHU Alla '1%01 `toed SIEVE ANALYSIS REPORT Briarwood Phases 1A-1, 1B-1,4&8 Jersey Pine Ridge Sta. 0+50 Sieve Cumulative%Passing 4 100 10 92.8 40 76.1 200 42.4 ATTERBERG LIMITS Liquid Limit 34.3 Plastic Limit 24.9 Plasticity Index 9.4 CBR TEST REPORT 1821 Broadway Street n g l n e e Y l 12 g Charlottesville, VA 22902 %,01 Phone 433-293-7449 e S t L n g , I n C. FAX 434-293-5137 Date: 7/19/12 By: HPP Project: Briarwood Phase 1A-1, 18-1,4&8 Job No.: 3100 Sample: Locat.: Jersey Pine Ridge Ste.2+50 Description: Brown sandy silt AASHO T-99 X Max. Dry Dens. 100.7 pcf., Opt. Moisture 17.6 % AASHO 1-180 Cylinder No. 10 Cylinder Ht. 4.564 in. Cylinder Vol. 0.0744 cu.ft. Cylinder Wt. 9.00 Hammer Wt. 5.5 ib No. Lifts 3 Blows/lift 50 Surcharge Wt. 10 lb. DENSITY AND MOISTURE DATA As Compacted After Soaking Can No. A3 A4 A27 A28 Wt,wet sample+can,gm. 68.74 68.78 68.56 68.76 Wt.dry sample+can, gm, 61.49 61.89 60.44 60.53 Wt.water,gm. 7.25 7.09 8.12 8.23 _ Wt.can,gm. 20.97 20.88 21.53 21.21 Wt.dry soil, gm. 40.52 40.81 38$1 39.32 Percent moisture 17.89 17.6 17.37 20.87 20.9 20.93 Wt.mold+wet soil,lb. 17.92 18.30 Wt.wet soil, lb. 8.92 9.30 Wet density of soil, pcf. 119.89 124.62 Dry density of soil, pcf. 101.92 103.08 Percent max.lab density 101.2 102.4 PENETRATION DATA SWELL DATA Penetration Load in. lb. Dial reading before soaking 0.009 in 0.000 0 Dial reading after soaking 0.023 in 0.025 95 Swell 0.014 in 0.050 230 Percent Swell 0.31 % 0.075 350 Volume after soaking 0,0745 cu.ft. 0.100 460 0.150 630 0.200 765 CSR= (46013000)= 15.3 0.300 960 0.400 1125 0.500 1275 ., aco 1 f 1 I i 1 i in I a I I I en+ c N j co co c` , C WQ C ir. I. (9 2 I ( d a, t 18a E 1 to `L • 04m a { , • 1 a : I I 1 I i1 • I a a aC] 0 c � N p 0 COO S 0 atz 8 r 04 , T peal . - 'stile, q — ; 1 rst , I i ! , •-•.,' • , e•-3 C C ir) csi 9 c7) r tz, I c2 ,•., = i ._ , o >, a) E -Eo I = 1 m , i •::D vi- 1 t•-: cll c4 —"1 1 , : b•-• .... ... 0. 1 .... P 1 .i. 1 6 , •:::• C ; , 1 ,... I , *-s- ' . I — i I 1 1 , ; C 1 ; ; 0 --. cNi — O ..•-•,: ci t-- ailSif 1 A.LISNHU AUG '`r/ SIEVE ANALYSIS REPORT Briarwood Phases 1A-1, lB-1,4&8 Jersey Pine Ridge Sta. 2+50 Sieve Cumulative %Passing 4 100 10 92.1 40 74.8 200 39.2 ATTERBERG LIMITS Liquid Limit 36.4 Plastic Limit 34.5 Plasticity Index 1.9