HomeMy WebLinkAboutWPO201700056 Plan - E&S WPO VSMP 2018-04-27 i
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL NARRATIVE
FOR
Springhill/Towneplace Suites
April 27, 2018
LOCATION:
TMP 61Z-03-2
Albemarle County, Virginia
OWNER:
STCVILLE Hotel, Inc
1005 Bullard Court Suite 101
Raleigh NC, 27615
PREPARED BY:
Dominion Engineering & Design, LLC
172 South Pantops Drive
Charlottesville, VA 22911 APPROVED
P: 434.979.8121 by theAlbemarte County
F: 434.979.1681 Community I - w..ment Department
Date 46 27//9
File w 'ozo/9-8 4
Total disturbed area =3.98 acres
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SAFETY FENCE (SF)—3.01
Safety fencing is a protective barrier installed to prevent access to an erosion control
measure or to prohibit the undesirable use of an erosion control measure by the public.
SILT FENCE (SF)—3.05
Silt fencing will be installed as a first step in construction activities. Location and details
are shown on the plans.
STORM DRAIN INLET PROTECTION (IP)—3.07
A sediment filter around storm drain inlet to prevent sediment from entering storm
drainage systems. Storm drain inlet protection will be installed according to Virginia
Erosion and Sediment Control regulations. Location and details are shown on the plans.
TEMPORARY DIVERSION DIKE (DD) —3.09
A temporary diversion dike will be installed before site grading begins, for the purposes of
diverting storm and sediment-laden runoff to the appropriate outlet or trapping facility.
Location and details are shown on the plans.
TEMPORARY SEDIMENT TRAP (ST)—3.13
Two temporary sediment trap will be installed before site grading begins, for the purpose
of detaining sediment-laden runoff from disturbed areas. Location and details of the
sediment traps are shown on the plans.
TEMPORARY SEDIMENT BASIN (SB)—3.14
One sediment basin will be installed as a temporary barrier with a controlled stormwater
release structure formed by constructing an embankment of compacted soil across a
drainage way.
OUTLET PROTECTION (OP)—3.18
Outlet protection will be installed according to Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control
regulations. Location and details are shown on the plans.
B7. PERMANENT AND TEMPORARY STABILIZATION:
TEMPORARY SEEDING —3.31
Temporary soil stabilization shall be applied within 7 days to denuded areas that may not
be at final grade, but will remain dormant (undisturbed) for longer than 30 days and less
than 1 year. This includes, but is not limited to areas such as soil stockpiles. Seeded
areas shall be limed when necessary at a rate of 2 tons per acre, and fertilized at a rate of
450 lbs. per acre of 10-20-20 (10 lbs. per 1,000 square feet) or equivalent. Contractor
may use a 50/50 mix of Annual Ryegrass and Cereal (Winter) Rye spread at a rate of 100
lb/acre, or choose an alternate from Table 3.31-C of the Virginia Erosion and Sediment
Control Handbook.
It is anticipated that the site work for Harvest Springhill/Towneplace commence within one
year of breaking ground. For this reason, temporary seeding is recommended.
MULCHING —3.35
All seeded areas shall be mulched with straw immediately following seeding operations.
Straw mulch shall be applied at a rate of two tons per acre.
2 -
• r
PERMANENT SEEDING —3.32 (OPTIONAL)
A perennial vegetative covering shall be established on disturbed areas within 7 days of
being brought to final grade on areas not otherwise protected. Selection of the seed
mixture shall depend on the time of year it is to be applied according to the Permanent
Seed Schedule as shown on the drawing. Seeded areas shall be limed when necessary
at a rate of 2 tons per acres, and fertilized at a rate of 1,000 lbs. per acre of 10-20-10 (10
lbs. per 1,000 square feet) or equivalent. Use a mixture of Kentucky 31 Fescue (108 lbs),
Red Top Grass (2 lbs), Annual Rye (20 lbs) and Crown vetch (20 lbs) or other approved
permanent seeding mixture in Specification 3.32.
B8. SOIL STOCKPILES AND BORROW AREAS
There is a designated soil stockpile area in all phases of the Erosion and Sediment
Control Plan. Excess soil will be brought to an area with an active E&SC Plan.
69. OFF-SITE AREAS:
All off-site area materials will come from an area with an approved E&SC Plan.
B10. STORM WATER MANAGEMENT:
Stormwater management water quality is being treated with offsite nutrient credits.
Stormwater quantity requirements will be handled by an underground vault system in the
parking garage conveying the 2 yr and 10yr storm events at or below the pre-developed
condition.
B11. MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE:
A program of maintenance for the erosion and sediment controls specified in this narrative
and shown on the plans will be the responsibility of the landowner and are recommended
as follows:
1. The Site Superintendent or his representative shall make a visual inspection of all
erosion and sediment controls on a daily basis until the site is stabilized and especially
after a rainfall runoff producing event to assure that all controls are in place and that
none have been damaged. Any damaged control shall be repaired prior to the end of
each workday to include re-seeding if necessary.
2. All silt trapping devices shall be cleaned out at 50 percent capacity and sediment shall
be disposed of by spreading on site. For any sediment that is to be spread on site,
contractor to ensure the spread location contains the sediment such that it does not
readily flow back to control structures or off-site.
3. Gravel outlets, if provided, shall be checked regularly for sediment buildup that may
prevent drainage. Controls shall be inspected and repaired after each rainfall and
cleaned if sediment has accumulated to half of the device's original height.
4. All earthen structures such as diversion dikes and berms shall be checked daily during
construction for breaching by equipment. Repairs shall be made immediately.
5. Silt fences shall be checked after each rainstorm to assure they have not fallen or
become clogged with silt. All repairs shall be made immediately.
6. All seeded areas shall be inspected regularly to see that good stand is maintained.
Areas will be re-fertilized and re-seeded as necessary.
7. After construction operations have ended and disturbed areas have been stabilized, all
berms and sediment-trapping devices, including the temporary culvert crossing may be
removed, after removal the ground shall be restored to its natural or proposed
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condition to include establishment of permanent vegetation. Removal of any control is
contingent upon approval of the County E&SC Inspector.
B12. CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE:
Anticipated Start Date: June 2018
Anticipated Completion Date: June 2020
PHASE 1
1) Flag Phase 1 clearing limits by a licensed surveyor.
2) Install Construction Entrance off of route 29 and sediment traps. The sediment traps are
proposed at the southeast and northeast corners of the property. The site naturally
flows to these two areas of the site.
3) Install sanitary sewer outfall up to Manhole D and install rip-rap channel from forebay of
Facility ID 79.02 to parking garage as shown on site plan.
4) Install perimeter silt fence, diversion dikes and remove all buildings, curbing, utilities, and
pavement and gravel areas called out on the existing conditions/demo plan on sheet
SW3.
5) End Phase 1 Erosion and sediment control.
PHASE 2
6) Mass grade the site, bringing the roads and pads to rough grade, maintaining positive
drainage to the sediment traps.
7) Construct Retaining walls and vault system as site is brought up at a rough grade
8) As mass grading continues, complete the sanitary sewer main and storm sewer with
proper inlet protection measures.
9) Contractor to divert runoff away from the detention vault towards sediment trap until such
time that it is installed and operational
10)Phase watermain construction as site approaches final grade.
11)Provide curb and gutter and base paving
12)Phase building construction so that the sediment traps may remain in place for the
maximum duration possible.
13)Ensure detention vault is cleaned of accumulated sediment during construction.
14)Remove erosion and sediment control devices as allowed by County Inspector.
B. MINIMUM STANDARDS (MS):
All applicable Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Regulations and Minimum Standards
shall be adhered to during all phases of construction. These include, but are not limited to
the following:
1. STABLIZATION OF DENUDED AREAS:
Permanent or temporary soil stabilization shall be applied to bare areas within seven days
after final grade is reached on any portion of the site. Temporary soil stabilization shall be
applied within seven days to denuded areas that may not be at final grade, but will remain
dormant or undisturbed for longer than 30 days. Permanent stabilization shall be applied
at areas that are to be left dormant for more than 1 year.
4
2. STABILIZATION OF SOIL STOCKPILES:
During construction of the project, soil stockpiles shall be stabilized or protected with
sediment trapping measures. The applicant is responsible for temporary protection and
permanent stabilization of all soil stockpiles on site as well as soil intentionally transported
from the project site.
3. PERMANENT VEGETATIVE COVER
A permanent vegetative cover shall be established on denuded areas not otherwise
permanently stabilized. Permanent vegetation shall not be considered established until a
ground cover is achieve that, in the opinion of the County Inspector, is uniform and mature
enough to survive to inhibit erosion.
4. TIMING & STABILIZATION OF SILT TRAPPING MEASURES:
Sediment basins and traps, perimeter dikes, sediment barriers and other measures
intended to trap sediment shall be constructed as a first step in any land disturbing activity
and shall be made functional before upslope land disturbance takes place.
5. STABILIZATION OF EARTHEN STRUCTURES:
Stabilization measures shall be applied to earthen structures such as dams, dikes and
diversions immediately after installation.
6. SEDIMENT TRAPS AND BASINS:
A sediment basin shall control surface runoff from disturbed areas that is comprised of
flow from drainage areas greater than or equal to three acres. The sediment basin shall
be designed and constructed to accommodate the anticipated sediment loading for the
land disturbing activity. The outfall device or system device shall take into account the
total drainage area flowing through the disturbed area to be served by the basin.
7. CUT AND FILL SLOPES:
Cut and fill slopes shall be designed and constructed in a manner that will minimize
erosion. Slopes that are found to be eroding excessively within one year of permanent
stabilization shall be provided with additional slope stabilizing measures until the problem
is corrected.
8. CONCENTRATED RUN-OFF DOWN CUT OR FILL SLOPES:
Concentrated runoff shall not flow down cut or fill slopes unless contained within an
adequate temporary or permanent channel, flume, or slope drain structure.
9. WATER SEEPS FROM A SLOPE FACE:
Whenever water seeps from a slope face, adequate drainage or other protection shall be
provided.
10. STORM SEWER INLET PROTECTION:
All storm sewer inlets that are made operable during construction shall be protected so
that sediment-laden water cannot enter the conveyance system without first being filtered
or otherwise treated to remove sediment.
11. STABILIZATION OF OUTLETS:
Before newly constructed stormwater conveyance channels are made operational,
adequate outlet protection and any required temporary or permanent channel lining shall
be installed in both the conveyance channel and receiving channel.
5
12. WORK IN LIVE WATERCOURSES:
When work in a live watercourse is performed, precautions shall be taken to minimize
encroachment, control sediment transport and stabilize the work area to the greatest
extent possible during construction. Nonerodible material shall be used for the
construction of causeways and cofferdams. Earthen fill may be used for these structures if
armored by nonerodible cover materials.
13. CROSSING A LIVE WATERCOURSE:
When a live watercourse must be crossed by construction vehicles more than twice in any
six month period, a temporary stream crossing constructed of nonerodible materials shall
be provided.
14. APPLICABLE REGULATIONS:
All applicable federal, state and local regulations pertaining to working in or crossing live
watercourses shall be met.
15. STABILIZATION OF BED AND BANKS
The bed and banks of a watercourse shall be stabilized immediately after work in the
watercourse is completed.
16. UNDERGROUND UTILITIES:
Underground utilities shall be installed in accordance with the following standards in
addition to other criteria:
a. No more than 500 linear feet of trench may be opened at one time.
b. Excavated material shall be placed on the uphill side of trenches
c. Effluent for dewatering operations shall be filtered or passed through approved
sediment trapping device, or both, and discharged in a manner that does not adversely
affect flowing streams or offsite property.
d. Material used for backfilling trenches shall be properly compacted in order to minimize
erosion and promote stabilization.
e. Restabilization shall be accomplished in accordance with these regulations.
f. Applicable safety regulations shall be complied with.
17. CONSTRUCTION ACCESS ROUTES:
Where construction vehicle access routes intersect paved public roads, provisions shall be
made to minimize the transport of sediment by vehicular tracking onto paved surfaces.
Where sediment is transported on to a public road surface, the road shall be cleaned
thoroughly at the end of each day. Sediment shall be removed by shoveling or sweeping
and transported to a sediment control disposal area. Street washing shall be allowed only
after sediment is removed in this manner. This provision shall apply to individual lots as
well as to larger land disturbing activities.
18. TEMPORARY E&S CONTROL MEASURE REMOVAL:
All temporary erosion and sediment control measures shall be removed within 30 days
after final site stabilization or after temporary measures are no longer needed, unless
otherwise authorized by the local program authority. Trapped sediment and the disturbed
soil areas resulting from the disposition of temporary measures shall be permanently
stabilized to prevent further erosion and sediment.
19. ADEQUACY OF RECEIVING CHANNELS:
Properties and waterways downstream from the development site shall be protected from
sediment deposition, erosion and damage, due to increases in volume, velocity and peak
6
flow rates of stormwater runoff for the stated frequency storm of 24-hour duration. For this
project, no impervious area is proposed and therefore no increase in runoff is anticipated
following completion of the archaeological survey.
7
USDA United States A product of the National Custom Soil Resource
Department of Cooperative Soil Survey,
Agriculture a joint effort of the United Report for
\ RCS States Department of
Agriculture and other Al b e m a r l e
Federal agencies, State
Natural agencies including the
Resources Agricultural Experiment County, Virginia
Conservation Stations, and local
Service participants
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Preface
Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They
highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about
the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many
different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners,
community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also,
conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal,
and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand,protect,or enhance
the environment.
Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose
special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties
that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions.The information
is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on
various land uses.The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying
with existing laws and regulations.
Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area
planning,onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases.
Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/
nrcs/main/soils/health/)and certain conservation and engineering applications. For
more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center(http://
offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs)or your NRCS State Soil
Scientist(http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/soils/contactus/?
cid=nres142p2_053951).
Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are
seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a
foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic
tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or
underground installations.
The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department
of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural
Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation
Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil
Survey.
Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available
through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture(USDA)prohibits discrimination in all its programs
and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where
applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual
orientation,genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an
individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited
bases apply to all programs.)Persons with disabilities who require alternative means
2
for communication of program information(Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.)should
contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202)720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a
complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400
Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800)795-3272
(voice)or(202)720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and
employer.
3
Contents
Preface 2
How Soil Surveys Are Made 5
Soil Map 7
Soil Map 8
Legend 9
Map Unit Legend 10
Map Unit Descriptions 10
Albemarle County, Virginia 12
27B—Elioak loam, 2 to 7 percent slopes 12
27C—Elioak loam, 7 to 15 percent slopes 12
34C—Glenelg loam, 7 to 15 percent slopes 13
39E—Hazel loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes 14
50D—Manor loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes 15
77—Riverview-Chewacla complex 16
91—Urban land 18
95—Wehadkee silt loam 18
References 20
4
How Soil Surveys Are Made
Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas
in a specific area.They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and
their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations
affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of
the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and
the kinds of bedrock.They observed and described many soil profiles.A soil profile is
the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the
surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the
surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other
living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity.
Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas
(MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share
common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources,
soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically
consist of parts of one or more MLRA.
The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is
related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area.
Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of
landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous
areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the
landform,a soil scientist develops a concept,or model,of how they were formed.Thus,
during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable
degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the
landscape.
Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their
characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil
scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only
a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by
an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify
predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries.
Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They
noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock
fragments,distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to
identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their
properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units).
Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil
characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for
comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic
classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of
soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil
scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the
5
Custom Soil Resource Report
individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that
they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and
research.
The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the
objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have
similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique
combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable
proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of
the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes
the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and
landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of
resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is
needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map.
The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of
mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and
experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soil-
landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific
locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller number of
measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded. These
measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to
bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of
sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from
one point to another across the landscape.
Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of
characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct
measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit
component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other
properties.
While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally
are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests.Soil scientists interpret
the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics
and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different
uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils
in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are
modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet
local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information,
production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop
yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from
field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil.
Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such
variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long
periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil
scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have
a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a
high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date.
After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the
survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and
identified each as a specific map unit.Aerial photographs show trees,buildings,fields,
roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately.
6
•
Soil Map
The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest,a list of soil
map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols
displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to
produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit.
7
Custom Soil Resource Report
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Soil Map
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Map Unit Legend
I' Albemarle County,Virginia(VA003)
Map Unit Symbdl Map UnitName Acres in AOI Percent of AOI
278 Elioak loam,2 to 7 percent 5.3 18.8%1
slopes
27C Elioak loam,7 to 15 percent 2.9 10.2%
slopes
34C Glenelg loam,7 to 15 percent 0.1 ! 0.3%
slopes
39E Hazel loam,25 to 45 percent 1.2 4.4%'
slopes
50D Manor loam, 15 to 25 percent 4.8 17.1%
slopes
77 Riverview-Chewacla comp 13.3%
lex 3.8',
91 Urban land 9.31 32.9%
95 Wehadkee silt loam 0.8} 3.0%
Totals for Area of Interest 28.3 100.0%
Map Unit Descriptions
The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils
or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the
maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit.
A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more
major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named
according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic
class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils.On the landscape,
however,the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability
of all natural phenomena.Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend
beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic
class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic
classes.Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas
for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes
other than those of the major soils.
Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the
map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called
noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a
particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties
and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different
management.These are called contrasting,or dissimilar,components.They generally
are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used.
Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified
by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the
contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with
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Custom Soil Resource Report
some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been
observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially
where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations
to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape.
The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness
or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic
classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that
have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments
on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If
intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to
define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each
description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties
and qualities.
Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for
differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons
that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.
Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity,
degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such
differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the
detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly
indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0
to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series.
Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas.
These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.
A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate
pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps.The
pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all
areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example.
An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or
miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or
anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical
or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and
relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha-
Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that
could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar
interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of
the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be
made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up
of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material
and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Albemarle County, Virginia
27B—Elioak loam, 2 to 7 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: kb8y
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F
Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days
Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Elioak and similar soils: 80 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Elioak
Setting
Landform: Hillslopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfuve
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from mica schist
Typical profile
H1 -Oto 8 inches: loam
H2-8 to 39 inches: silty clay
H3-39 to 79 inches: silt loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 7 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.20 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
27C—Elioak loam, 7 to 15 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: kb8z
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• Custom Soil Resource Report
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F
Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Elioak and similar soils: 80 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Elioak
Setting
Landform: Hillslopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from mica schist
Typical profile
H1 -0 to 8 inches: loam
H2-8 to 39 inches: silty clay
H3-39 to 79 inches: silt loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 7 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.20 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
34C—Glenelg loam, 7 to 15 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: kb9l
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F
Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Glenelg and similar soils: 85 percent
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Glenelg
Setting
Landform: Hillslopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from mica schist
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 8 inches: loam
H2-8 to 28 inches: silty clay loam
H3-28 to 80 inches: loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 7 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: High (about 9.7 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
39E—Hazel loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: kbb4
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F
Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Hazel and similar soils: 80 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Hazel
Setting
Landform: Hillslopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
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• Custom Soil Resource Report
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from graywacke sandstone and mica schist
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 10 inches: loam
H2- 10 to 20 inches: loam
H3- 20 to 30 inches: channery loam
H4-30 to 79 inches: bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 25 to 45 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to lithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Excessively drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.20 to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low(about 4.1 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
50D—Manor loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: kbc3
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F
Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Manor and similar soils: 85 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Manor
Setting
Landform: Interfluves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from quartz mica schist
Typical profile
H1 -0 to 8 inches: loam
H2-8 to 18 inches: loam
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• Custom Soil Resource Report
H3- 18 to 79 inches: loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 25 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: High
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: High (about 9.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
77—Riverview-Chewacla complex
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: kbf7
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F
Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if drained and either protected from flooding
or not frequently flooded during the growing season
Map Unit Composition
Riverview and similar soils: 50 percent
Chewacla and similar soils: 40 percent
Minor components: 3 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Riverview
Setting
Landform: Flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Alluvium derived from igneous rock
Typical profile
H1 -0 to 12 inches: loam
H2- 12 to 35 inches: silt loam
H3-35 to 79 inches: silt loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Low
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 36 to 60 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: High (about 9.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2w
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Description of Chewacla
Setting
Landform: Flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Alluvium derived from igneous rock
Typical profile
H1 -0 to 8 inches: silt loam
H2-8 to 16 inches: silt loam
H3- 16 to 26 inches: silty clay loam
H4 -26 to 40 inches: silty clay loam
H5-40 to 79 inches: silt loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
Runoff class: Very high
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 6 to 18 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: High (about 11.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3w
Hydrologic Soil Group: B/D
Minor Components
Wehadkee
Percent of map unit: 3 percent
Landform: Flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
17
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Custom Soil Resource Report
91—Urban land
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: kbg5
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F
Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Urban land: 85 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Urban Land
Setting
Landform: Interfluves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Residuum weathered from granite and gneiss
Typical profile
H1 -0 to 6 inches: variable
H2- 6 to 79 inches: variable
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 25 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 10 inches to densic material
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 13.04 in/hr)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8s
95—Wehadkee silt loam
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: kbgd
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 54 to 59 degrees F
Frost-free period: 195 to 231 days
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Wehadkee and similar soils: 80 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Wehadkee
Setting
Landform: Flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Alluvium derived from igneous rock
Typical profile
H1 -0 to 10 inches: silt loam
H2- 10 to 52 inches: silty clay loam
H3-52 to 79 inches: sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Poorly drained
Runoff class: Very high
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 0 to 30 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: High (about 11.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4w
Hydrologic Soil Group: B/D
19
References
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials(AASHTO).2004.
Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and
testing. 24th edition.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of
soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00.
Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of
wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
FWS/OBS-79/31.
Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States.
Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States.
Hurt,G.W.,and L.M.Vasilas,editors.Version 6.0,2006.Field indicators of hydric soils
in the United States.
National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries.
Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S.
Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/
detail/national/soils/?cid=nres 142p2_054262
Soil Survey Staff. 1999.Soil taxonomy:A basic system of soil classification for making
and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service,
U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/
nres/detail/national/soils/?cid=nres142p2_053577
Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition. U.S. Department of
Agriculture,Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/
portal/nres/detail/national/soils/?cid=nres142p2_053580
Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and
Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands
Section.
United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of
Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical
Report Y-87-1.
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National forestry manual. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/
home/?cid=nres142p2_053374
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National range and pasture handbook. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/
detail/national/landuse/rangepasture/?cid=stelprdb1043084
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Custom Soil Resource Report
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/
nres/detail/soils/scientists/?cid=nres142p2_054242
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States,the
Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296.
http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/national/soils/?
cid=nres142p2_053624
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land
capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. http://
www.nres.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nres142p2_052290.pdf
21